At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Xiao and Gongsun Shu separated the two regions of Long and Shu respectively. Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu ordered Cen Peng to attack Long first. After it was leveled, he immediately raised his troops to attack Shu in the south. Looking forward to Shu". The latter is a metaphor for greed.
Cijiajiadi: Huo Qubing, the general of the Han Dynasty, had repeatedly performed extraordinary feats. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to build a mansion for him. He resigned and said, "The Huns have not been destroyed, so there is no place for them to live as a family." Later, "Ci Jia Di" was used as an allusion to serve the country wholeheartedly without regard for personal interests.
Bad alleys with baskets and ladles: Yan Hui, a student of Confucius, lived in a shabby alley. He lived in poverty with "a basket of food" and "a ladle of drink". He used bamboo baskets to hold rice and ladles to drink water. But he was willing and felt comfortable in his heart. Later, it was said to be peaceful and happy in poverty.
Being on a thorn to plead guilty: The incorruptible and shameful person is placed below Lin Xiangru, the superior Qing, and threatens to humiliate Xiangru in person. For the sake of national interests, regardless of personal grudges, Xiangru repeatedly tolerated Lian Po. In the end, Lian Po was deeply moved. He bared his upper body, carried a thorn stick on his back, came to apologize, and became a "neck-to-neck friend" with Xiangru. Later, he used this to express his apology to others.
Guzhu Yiqi: Boyi and Shuqi, two sons of the king of Guzhu, a vassal state of Shang, ran away unwilling to inherit the throne after their father's death. Later, King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. The two of them hid in the mountains and gathered weeds, but they both died of starvation. Later, he became a model of noble conduct
Seizing gold: There was an individual in the state of Qi who took away the gold items sold in the market and was arrested. The official asked, how dare you openly grab the gold when someone is watching it? He said that when he took the gold, he saw no people, only gold. Later, it is said that he was desperate for profit and ignored everything
Qu Zi Shen Xiang: Qu Yuan of Chu State was upright and loyal, caring about the country and loving the people. He was framed and exiled; he was slandered and slandered again, and was demoted to Jiangnan again. Because his ideals could not be realized and the country was destroyed, he was unable to save it, so he threw himself into the river and died in anger. Later, he showed a typical example of Zhongliang who was so angry and devoted his life because he was worried about the country and the people.
Su Wujie: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhonglang General Su Wuzhijie as an envoy to the Huns. He was imprisoned for nineteen years, exiled to the North Sea to herd sheep, and fasted. Su Wu gnawed snow, swallowed felt, and dug up wild rats to survive. Later, "Su Wu Festival" was regarded as a symbol of beauty, loyalty and chastity.
The net was opened on three sides: It is said that Shang Tang saw bird catchers in the wild spreading the net on all sides. He lamented that doing so would catch all the birds, so he ordered the net to be opened on three sides, leaving only one side. Later, "opening the net on three sides" was used as a metaphor to refer to lenient punishment and implementation of benevolent government.
Wei Sheng hugs the pillars: Legend has it that in ancient times, Wei Sheng made an appointment with a woman to meet under the bridge. When the woman came to the future, the floods surged, and Wei Sheng hugged the bridge pillars until he was drowned by the water. Also known as "Under the Obi Bridge". Later, he praised those who kept their promises. .
Beheading the Beauty in the Palace: Sun Wu is skilled in the art of war. King Wu asked him to practice with the palace maid first. Sun Tzu took Wu Wang's concubine as the captain and selected 180 people to explain the formation repeatedly. He beat the drum to the right, and the palace maid laughed; Sun Tzu said that this was to make a mistake, and repeatedly gave instructions, and then beat the drum to the left, and the palace maid laughed again. Sun Tzu immediately beheaded the second captain to correct military law. Later, he expressed that military law was strict.
Painting cakes to satisfy hunger: Emperor Wei Ming asked Lu Yu to find a scholar for him, and said that people should not be people with false reputations. Reputation is like cakes drawn on the ground and cannot be eaten. Later, the metaphor of "painting cakes to satisfy hunger" is merely formal and has no practicality.
Golden Platform: During the Warring States Period, King Zhao of Yan wanted to recruit talented people. He adopted the advice of his counselor Guo Wei and built a high platform. He placed a thousand pieces of gold on the platform and invited scholars from all over the world. As a result, famous scholars from all over the world went to the Kingdom of Yan one after another. . Later it refers to a place where talents gather.
Hu-style riding and archery: During the Warring States Period, King Wuling of Zhao carried out military reforms and changed to wearing Hu-style clothing to learn riding and archery. Later, he successively attacked and destroyed the Zhongshan Kingdom, defeated Linhu, Loufan and other countries, and the country became prosperous.
Reluctant to miss Shu: After the fall of Shu, the later master Liu Chan became a prisoner. Once Sima Zhao hosted a banquet for Liu Chan and arranged the skills of the Shu Kingdom. Others were very sad when they saw it, but Liu Chan was still smiling as usual. A few days later, Sima Zhao asked him if he still missed the country of Shu. Liu Chan said: "I am happy here, but I don't miss Shu." Later, "I am happy here, but I don't miss Shu." It means that he is happy and forgets to return or forget his roots.
Being crowned while bathing in monkeys: At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Han Sheng saw that Xiang Yu did not intend to establish hegemony after he captured Xianyang, but only wanted to return home in fine clothes, so he laughed at him as if he was "taking the crown while bathing in monkeys", which was only superficial. Later, it was used to satirize some people who are in name only and cannot achieve great things.
Pu whip to show shame? Liu Kuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty was gentle and generous in politics. If the officials and the people made mistakes, he would just use the Pu stick as a whip to punish them so that they would know the shame and no pain would be caused to their flesh and blood. Later, "Pu whip to show shame" was used to express lenient punishment and benevolence.
Qian Ju: Cao Pi immigrated 100,000 households to Henan. The officials thought it was inappropriate, but Cao Pi insisted. Xin Pi argued hard, but Cao Pi ignored him. Xinpi pulled him by the lapel and admonished him. In the end, Cao Pi lost 50,000 households. Later, he said that his ministers were outspoken and dared to admonish.
Human Mirror: Minister Wei Zheng was outspoken and dared to admonish. He criticized Taizong's faults face to face, but Taizong trusted him. After Wei Zheng's death, Taizong thought of him and said: "Using copper as a mirror, you can straighten your clothes; using ancient times as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall; using people as a mirror, you can know gains and losses. Now that Wei Zheng is dead, I have lost a mirror." A person who is good at admonishing and correcting the mistakes of others.
Shang Yang moved to wood: Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong in his reform. In order to make the people believe that the order will be carried out, he first took a piece of wood and placed it at the south gate of the capital, and increased the reward from ten to fifty gold. Someone moved the wood to the north gate. Shang Yang cashed it in public and gave fifty gold. Be clear and don't deceive. Later, the incident of "Shang Yang's migration of trees" was used as a typical example to win the trust of the people.
Throwing a whip to cut off the flow: Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His subordinates believed that the Jin Dynasty was in danger of the Yangtze River and should not attack lightly. Fu Jian said, "I have many men and horses. Throwing a horse whip into the river can block the river. How can there be enough danger to rely on?" Later, he said that the strength of the army was great.
Xiao He followed Cao Sui: Xiao He formulated the national laws and regulations. After his death, Cao Shen followed the rules and implemented them. The people wrote songs saying, Xiao He is the prime minister, and his cheeks are like one; Cao Shen takes his place, guarding and not losing. Later means that future generations will act according to the rules of their predecessors.
Xiao He pursues Han Xin: Han Xin defected to Liu Bang, Xiao He discovered that he was a general and recommended him for great use. Before being introduced, Han Xin mistakenly thought that Liu Bang would not reuse him and ran away. After Xiao He learned about it, he went to catch up and finally found Han Xin. Later, "Xiao He chased Han Xin" was regarded as a symbol of cherishing talents.
The people did not dare to neglect, even if they were taking a bath or eating, they would stop to receive them. Later, he expressed his courtesy to the virtuous corporal and his eagerness to seek talents
Five measures of rice bowed down: The county magistrate of Tao Qian in Jin Dynasty learned that county officials were coming. When he came, he had to dress up, kowtow to pay respects, and said, "How can I be an official with five measures of rice?" If you lose your salary, you will give up your official position and go home. Later, he showed that he had to work hard for a meager official salary
Earn a fortune: Han Xin tried to give food to others but was rejected. A drifter's mother saw that he was hungry and gave him food for dozens of days. Han Xin was grateful and promised a generous reward. Later, Han Xin became the king of Chu and sent Piao's mother a thousand pieces of gold to repay his kindness. Later, it was an allusion of repaying kindness
Getting Shoes from the Bridge: Zhang Liang was playing on the bridge and met an old man who deliberately threw his shoes under the bridge, so Zhang Liang picked them up and put them on for him. Zhang Liang picked up the shoes and put them on for him respectfully. This old man was the military strategist Huang Shigong. He later taught Zhang Liang the art of war and asked him to assist Liu Bang in destroying the Qin Dynasty and establishing the Han Dynasty, achieving great success. Later, it was regarded as an allusion to respect the elderly, respect the virtuous, and seek advice.
There was an ugly girl next door. She thought Xi Shi's posture was very beautiful, so she imitated her and frowned, which made her even more ugly. The post-metaphor is a random imitation.
Jiaowei Qin: Cai Yong of the Han Dynasty was good at playing the Qin. The people of Wu used paulownia wood for cooking, and Yong knew it was a good ingredient, so he wanted to use paulownia wood to play a musical instrument. The music was indeed beautiful. Because the tail of the piano has been burnt, it is called the Jiaowei Qin. Later, it was used to call the precious musical instrument for collection
Li Guang was difficult to seal: Li Guang repeatedly attacked the Huns, experienced more than 70 battles, and had outstanding military exploits. There were dozens of people who were inferior to Li Guang in terms of talent and reputation and were granted the title of marquis due to their military achievements, but Li Guang was the only one who was not granted the title of marquis in the end. Later, he lamented that "Li Guang could not be granted the title" but his merits were not rewarded
Nanke Dream: Chun Yufen dreamed that he went to Dahuai'an State, was recruited by the king as his consort, and was appointed as the prefect of Nanke. Within 30 years, he had 5 men and 2 women, enjoying all the glory and wealth. Unexpectedly, a neighboring country invaded, and he was defeated in the battle. His wife also died, and he was finally sent home. After waking up, I found the ant nest in the tree hole of Dahuai Anguo in my dream. Later, it generally refers to dreams, or laments that life is like a dream,?/td>
Green is better than blue: Xunzi said, "Green is taken from blue, and green is from blue." This allusion refers to things that have gone through a certain process. The process of change can lead to development and improvement.
Peach and plum trees: Zhao Jianzi of the Jin Dynasty used planting trees as a metaphor for educating people: Plant peach and plum trees in spring to get shade in summer and harvest fruits in autumn. The latter is a metaphor for educating students and cultivating talents.
Looking at the ocean and sighing: The God of the Yellow River thought that the water of the Yellow River was the largest and most beautiful. Later, when he saw the ocean, he realized that his original understanding was wrong. He sighed and said, if I don’t come to you, I will be seen forever. Ridiculed by the knowledgeable "generous family". Later, it is a metaphor for feeling insignificant when seeing others being great, or a metaphor for feeling helpless for something due to lack of strength or lack of conditions?/td>
Ying Jiangshuijin: The ancient Ying people touched the tip of their noses with chalk. He asked the craftsman to chip away the chalk. The craftsman swung his ax to cut away the chalk, but the Ying man's nose was not injured and there was no fear on his face. Later, he described his skills as exquisite and superb, enchanting and humanistic
Bingzhu: Duke Ping of Jin asked Shi Kuang that he was already 70 years old. Is it too late to learn? Shi Kuang said that young people are eager to learn, like the rising sun; When you grow up, you are eager to learn, like the sunshine at noon; when you are old, you are eager to learn, like the brightness of a candle. This was later used to mean that although he was old, he was still eager to learn.
It is said that there is Greedy Spring in Guangzhou. People who drink the water will become greedy. When Wu Yin was appointed governor in the Jin Dynasty, he went to drink the water from Greed Spring. He believes that whether he is greedy or not is entirely up to him and has nothing to do with water. Later, it became a canon of integrity and self-motivation
Guangwu Sigh: Wei Ruanji climbed to Guangwu City to see the place where Chu and Han fought, and sighed: "There were no heroes at that time, so did Shuzi become famous?" Later he expressed his regret for himself. Unexpected talent.
Jieyu Gefeng: Lu Tong, a Chu native, was named Jieyu. When he saw political corruption, he pretended to be crazy and not official. When he heard that Confucius came to Chu to lobby, he sang in front of Confucius' chariot: "Fengxi, phoenixes, how can the virtues decline? Those who have left the bud cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued. That's all, and those who are in politics today are in danger!" ” warned Confucius that the world was in chaos and could not be saved, and advised him not to run around for politics. Later, he used it as a seclusion to escape the world
Three Arrows in the Tips: Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Cunxu, gave him the Three Arrows when his father was dying, and told him not to forget the unavenged revenge of Liang, Yan, and Khitan. Cunxu hid the three arrows in the Ancestral Temple. Later, he used troops to recruit the arrows, put them in a brocade bag, and carried them forward. Later it was thought to be an allusion to revenge and rejuvenation of the country.
Jingwei fills the sea: According to legend, a girl drowned in the East China Sea and turned into a Jingwei bird. In order to prevent future generations from drowning, it went to the Western Mountains to pick up wood and rocks to fill the sea. Level the East China Sea. Later, I thought it was an allusion of endless struggle despite deep injustice.
Confucius and Mozi both ran around to realize their ideas. Everywhere he went, Confucius left in a hurry before his seat was warmed, and Mozi hurried to another place before his chimney was blackened. Later, this was used to describe someone who was busy with his career and kept running around.
Leaving tongues to show his wife: Zhang Yi lobbied the princes during the Warring States Period.
Once I went to Chu and had a drink with the Prime Minister of Chu. After drinking, the Prime Minister of Chu lost a jade. His servants suspected that Zhang Yi had stolen it, so he was caught and tortured. His wife advised him to stop lobbying. He asked, "Do you think my tongue is still there?" The wife said, "My tongue is there." Zhang Yi said, I won’t worry about my tongue. It means that there is still something you can do. Later, he said that he was not discouraged despite the setbacks in his official career
Maichen had to pay a salary: Zhu Maichen, the prefect of the Han Dynasty, was very poor when he was not an official and depended on cutting firewood to survive. While carrying firewood, he studied poetry and books diligently, never stopping. It was not until the age of 50 that he became an official. Later I thought it was a typical case of unrecognized talent.
Zhongjun abandoned the paper: Zhongjun of the Han Dynasty was selected as a doctoral disciple and walked from Jinan to the customs to study. The official gave him the tape as a voucher and told him that he would need to verify it when he came back. Zhongjun said: "A man who travels to the west will never leave the customs if he loses his ambition." He threw the tape away and walked away. After Tengda, he sent envoys to the country and came out of customs. When the official saw it, he said: "This envoy is the one who abandoned the boat before." The oath to regain the lost territory of the Central Plains. Later, it was used to praise the enthusiasm of regaining lost territory and serving the country.
Zeng’s mother said: In the Spring and Autumn Period, someone with the same name as Zeng Shen killed someone. Someone told Zeng’s mother that “Zeng Shen killed someone.” Zeng’s mother didn’t believe it and continued to weave as usual. However, she came to complain three times in succession. My great-mother was afraid, so she dropped the weaving shuttle and ran away. Later, "great mother threw herself into a tree" was used as a frightening allusion in rumors.
Accumulation of soil creates a mountain: Xunzi said: "Accumulation of soil creates a mountain, and wind and rain stir up it; accumulation of water forms a abyss, and dragons are born; accumulation of good deeds becomes virtue, and the gods are content with themselves, and the holy heart is ready." This allusion is a metaphor for the accumulation of things. effect.
Kuafu chasing the sun: In ancient mythology, there was a giant Kuafu who wanted to chase the sun. He chased him to Yugu. Later, he died of thirst and threw his stick away on the road. The stick he threw away turned into a forest. Later, "Kuafu chases the sun" is used to refer to ambition.
Crotch humiliation: When Han Xin, the founding hero of the Han Dynasty, was young, a villain in the Huaiyin Massacre in his hometown insulted him in public, saying: "If you are not afraid of death, stab me, if you are afraid of death, crawl under my crotch." Han Xin He looked at the bad boy again and again, and endured the humiliation and crawled under his crotch. Later, "crotch humiliation" was used as an allusion to a man's ability to bend and stretch.
Burn the cauldron: At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the Qin army attacked the State of Zhao, and Xiang Yu led the army to rescue Julu. The vanguard troops failed in the first battle and the situation was critical. Xiang Yu led the army across the Zhang River, smashed the pots, sank the boat, and took only three days of dry food with him to show that he would fight to the death and never retreat. Also known as "broken cauldron". Later, he expressed his determination to "break the cauldron and sink the boat" and never look back.
Li Xue Chengmen: Yang Shi and You Zuo, disciples of Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty, went to see Cheng Yi one day. Cheng Yi happened to be sitting and dozing off, so they stood and waited. When Cheng Yi woke up, they came outside the door. The snow is already deep and full of feet deep. Also known as "Li Cheng Menxue". Later, "Li Xue Cheng Men" was regarded as a practical example of respecting teachers and respecting morality.
Li He's Poem Bag: Li He, a poet from the Tang Dynasty, rode on a donkey and went out to roam. He took a boy servant with him and carried a brocade bag. When he got good poems, he wrote them down and put them in his bag. Go home in the evening and sort it out to complete the poem. Later, "Li He's poetry bag" was used as an allusion to describe the poet's diligence in accumulating creative materials.
Three unique features of Wei's compilation: Confucius repeatedly studied the "Book of Changes" in his later years, so that the leather strings connecting the bamboo slips were severed many times. Later, "Wei Bian's Three Excellent Things" were used to describe being diligent, studious, and studying hard. Hanging beam thorn: Han Sunjing was diligent and studious, so he tied his hair with a rope and hung it on the roof beam to prevent drowsiness. During the Warring States Period, when Su Qin fell asleep while studying, he pricked his thigh with an awl to refresh himself. Later, he described studying hard as "hanging beams and thorns".
Cutting a hole in the wall to steal light: Kuang Heng in the Han Dynasty was a diligent student, but his family was poor and had no lights, and the lights from his neighbors could not shine, so he cut a hole in the wall and brought in the lights from his neighbors to study. Later, "cutting through the wall to steal the light" is often used as an allusion to study hard.
Plum Wife and Crane: During the Song Dynasty, Lin Bu lived in seclusion on the lonely mountain of West Lake in Hangzhou. He had no wife and no children. He planted plums and raised cranes for his own entertainment. People called him the "Plum Wife and Crane". Later, the hermit was described as "plum wife and crane son" as a noble and refined person.
I don’t know the taste of meat in three months: Confucius heard the Shao music of Yu and Shun in the state of Qi, and said that he couldn’t taste the taste of meat for the next three months. Also known as "forgetting the taste of meat in March" and "forgetting the taste of meat in March". Later, "I don't know the taste of meat in March" was used to describe the mental state of being immersed in beautiful music or something fascinating.
Wu Xia Amen: Wu Lu Meng of the Three Kingdoms did not study much before, but he was tireless in logistics and well-read. Lu Su visited Mongolia to discuss matters, but could not always argue with him. He exclaimed: "I thought that my brother only had martial arts. Now he is knowledgeable and is no longer Wu Xia Amen." Later, "Wu Xia Amen" was used to describe young people with little knowledge. .
Zhongshan Wolf: The fable "Zhongshan Wolf" by Ma Zhongxi of the Ming Dynasty records that a vicious wolf in Zhongshan was shot with an arrow by Zhao Jianzi, who was hunting, and was saved by Mr. Dongguo who was passing by while escaping. The wolf was not only ungrateful, Instead, he wanted to eat Mr. Dong Guo. Later, the "Zhongshan wolf" was used as a metaphor for an evil person who repays kindness with hatred and has no conscience
Bo Ya Gu Qin: According to legend, in ancient times, Boya was good at playing the Qin, and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening to the Qin. In the flowing water, Ziqi understood everything by heart and knew it as soon as he heard it. After Ziqi died, Boya stopped playing the piano, thinking that there was no close friend in the world
Cun Cao Chunhui: Tang Mengjiao "You Zi Yin": The thread in the hands of the loving mother, the clothes on the body of the wanderer . Before leaving, I was afraid of returning late. Who says that the heart of an inch of grass can repay three spring rays with the words "spring light of an inch of grass" to express that children cannot fully repay their parents for their upbringing?
Wang Husband Stone: There is a stone in the North Mountain of Wuchang that looks like a man standing, and it is famous for its husband's stone. According to legend, there was a chaste woman in ancient times whose husband was away in the army. She stood on Beishan Mountain, expecting her husband to return, and over time she turned into this stone.
Later, it was used to refer to the wife's deep affection for her husband's return
Fan Zhang Jisui: Shanyang Shishi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, courtesy name Juqing, was friends with Zhang Shao of Runan, and made an appointment to meet in autumn after farewell. On September 15th, Zhang was killing chickens to make millet. His parents thought that Ju Qing could not arrive on time. Yuan Bo said, "Ju Qing is a sincere and trustworthy person and will never break his promise." Ju Qing did arrive on time. The following shows the loyalty and deep affection between friends
Guan Baojiao: Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya of Qi State were friendly to each other and had a deep friendship. Guan Zhong once said: "My parents are the ones who gave birth to me, and Uncle Bao is the one who knows me." Later, "Guan Bao Jiao" was used to refer to the sincere and deep friendship between friends.
Dry scales wet with foam: When the spring water dries up, the fish are trapped together. They suck each other with moisture and moisten each other with mouth foam. Although they help each other, it is still very difficult to survive. The metaphors help each other with little strength in difficult situations.
Lone Luan looks in the mirror: In ancient times, a king captured a Luan bird and cherished it very much. He kept it in a golden cage and ate delicious food; but it did not sing or dance for three years. Later, the king's wife heard that birds sing after seeing similar birds, so she hung a mirror next to the cage. Luan saw his own reflection in the mirror, thought it was his companion, threw himself at the mirror and died. It is a metaphor for the mourning of fate by a lost spouse
Bigan expressed his heartfelt feelings: King Zhou of Yin ruined the country with his adultery. King Zhou's uncle Bigan thought that a minister should die as a remonstrance. King Zhou said angrily: Listen to me It is said that the sage has seven orifices. He killed Bigan to observe his heart. Later, it was used as a record of loyal ministers who were killed for remonstrating in vain
Chu Cai was used by Jin: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Shengzi was envoy to Jin. After returning to Chu, Ling Yin Zimu asked him: "Who is wiser, the officials of Jin or the officials of Chu?" Shengzi replied: "The ministers of Jin are not as good as those of Chu, but the officials are wise, and they are all talented people. Although Chu has Talents are used by the Jin State." Later, it means the use of talents from other countries or the drain of talents.
Stop weaving: Meng Ke dropped out of school when he was young and returned home. Seeing this, Meng's mother took a knife and cut off the unfinished cloth, saying, "You gave up halfway in studying, just like I cut the cloth woven on this machine." From then on, Meng Ke studied diligently and studied under Zisi, and finally became a great Confucian. Later, "broken weaving" was used as an allusion to the mother's supervision of her son's diligent study.
Huai Ju as Zhi: Yan Zi sent to Chu, and the king of Chu wanted to humiliate him and ordered someone to escort him to the court. The king asked what the crime was? The answer was theft. The king asked where the prisoner was from. He said he was from Qi. The king asked Yanzi, "Qi people are good at being thieves?" Yanzi replied, I heard that oranges grow big and sweet in Huainan, but when moved to Huaibei, they become small and astringent. The reason is that the soil and water are different. The King of Chu was humiliated after hearing this
Three burrows of a cunning rabbit: During the Warring States Period, Feng Chen said to Lord Mengchang: "A cunning rabbit can only avoid death if it has three burrows." So he made suggestions and did three major things for Lord Mengchang, consolidating the He gained the status of Lord Mengchang. twenty one. Zou and Lu coax
Original text Zou and Lu coax①. (Zou) Duke Mu asked: "I have thirty-three people who have died, but the people should not let them die. If they are punished, it will be impossible to punish them; if they are not punished, they will be treated as if they are dead and will not be saved. What should be done? "Is that so?" Mencius said to him: "In the bad years and the famine, your people are old and weak, and they are scattered in the ravines, and the strong ones are scattered in all directions. There are thousands of them; but your warehouses are full, your treasury is full, and you have officials." If you don't tell them, you will be slow to do so. Zengzi said: "If you do something wrong, it will be contrary to you." The king conducts benevolent government, and the people love him, and he will die for his long life."
(Selected from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang")
Note: 1. Coaxing: refers to fighting. ②Turn: Abandon. ③The warehouse is full: The granary is sufficient. ④The treasury is full: The treasury for storing gold and silver treasures is full. ⑤The superiors are slow and the inferiors are disabled: The people in the superior positions are negligent and harm the people below. ⑥ Caution: Be vigilant. ⑦What is contrary to you is contrary to you: How you treat others will be treated by others. ⑧The opposite is true: there is a chance to retaliate against officials. ⑨Death for their leader: die for their leader.
22． Fan Zhong had far-sightedness
Original text Fan Zhong wanted to make utensils, so he first planted Ziqi ①, which was scorned by people at the time. However, all the accumulated years have been put to good use. Anyone who smiles at him is asking for lies. This kind of planting is inevitable. The proverb goes: "A year's plan is nothing more than a valley; a ten-year plan is nothing more than trees." This is what it means.
(Selected from "Essential Art of Qi Min")
Notes ① Catalpa: catalpa and lacquer. ②Fake: borrow.
23． Sima Rangju (ránɡ jū) enforces the law
Original text Rangju made an appointment with Zhuang Jia after he resigned, saying: "We will meet at the military gate on the first day of the day." Rangju rushed to the army first and set up a watch. ②, wait for Jia. Jia Su was arrogant and noble, thinking that he would be the prisoner of his own army, so he was not in a hurry. Relatives and left and right sent him off and stayed for a drink. Jia will not arrive in the middle of the day. Rangju then threw the vote to leak ④, entered, marched and reined in the troops ⑤, and declared the restraint. The restrictions are set, and at night, Zhuang Jia and others arrive. Rangju said: "What is the later period for ⑥?" Jia Xie said: "I don't want to be sent to ⑦ by the relatives of the doctor, so I stay." Rangju said: "On the day when you are about to receive orders, you forget your family; when you supervise the army and restrain them, you forget about your relatives. If you are in a hurry, you will forget about yourself. 8. Now the enemy is deeply invaded, the country is in turmoil, the soldiers are exposed, the king is restless, the food is not satisfied, and the lives of the people are hanging on the king, what is the meaning of "giving each other away"! Zhao Jun was asking: "Military law, what do you think of those who arrive later?" He replied: "Behead him." Zhuang Jia was afraid and sent people to report to Duke Jing to ask for help. In the past, there was no time to rebel, so he killed Zhuang Jia to favor the three armies. The soldiers of the three armies were all shaken (11).
(Selected from "Historical Records·Biography of Sima Ranju")
Notes ① Danri: tomorrow. Midday: noon, noon. Military Gate: The gate of the military camp. ② Standing watch: erect a wooden pole in the sun and calculate the time based on the movement of the shadow illuminated by the sun. Watch refers to this wooden pole.
Drainage: Pierce a small hole in the bottom of a copper pot, place an arrow in the pot, and mark the degree on the arrow shaft. Then the copper pot stores water, causing it to slowly leak down. The time is calculated based on the scale exposed by the arrow shaft. ③ Left and right: refers to people close to you. ④ Beat the watch: Knock down the wooden pole of the timer. Break the leak: Release the water from the pot. ⑤ March and rein in troops: patrol the military camp and command the troops. ⑥Period: The agreed time. ⑦Buyi: Not talented, without talent. Self-effacing words. ⑧aid: to hold up, to pick up. 枹: Drumstick. Drum: drumming. ⑨Anti: Same as "return". return. 10. Favor: show to the public. The three armies: generally refers to the entire army. The armies of great powers are divided into upper, middle and lower armies. (11) Zhenli: Trembling with fear.
24. Liu Tingshi marries a blind girl
Original text Liu Tingshi married a blind girl in Honda's house. His neighbor was very poor and had a daughter who promised to marry Tingshi. After a few years of service, he passed the imperial examination and returned to his hometown. I visited my neighbor, but he was dead; my daughter was blind due to illness, and my family was very hungry. The imperial court made people apply for a good marriage, but the girl's family resigned due to illness and still farmed with servants, and did not dare to marry a scholar-bureaucrat. The imperial court's style was unsound, and he said: "I have an appointment with you, how can I bear it when my father dies and his son becomes ill?" He died and got married. The boudoir's family is extremely harmonious, and his wife can take care of him, and he can have several children. Ting Shi tried to sit down and punished him, but the supervisor wanted to expel him and praised him for his good deeds, so he acted generously. Later, when Ting Shi took charge of the Taiping Palace in Jiangzhou, his wife died, and she cried very sadly. Su Zizhan loved its meaning and wrote about it in a beautiful way.
(Selected from "Mengxi Bi Tan")
Notes ① Qi Kuo: separation, separation. ② Admission: refers to being admitted to the imperial examination. ③Xianglu: Township. ④罽: Blind. ⑤Shen: Explanation. ⑥Marriage: Marry, marry with... ⑦Resolutely disagree: Firmly disagree.
25. Zengzi kills pigs
Original text: Zengzi’s wife went to the market, and his son burst into tears. His mother said to him, "When my daughter returns home, I will go back to kill the piggy for her." His wife came to the market, and Zeng Zi wanted to catch the piggy and kill it. The wife stopped and said, "I am playing with babies." Zengzi said, "Babies are not meant to be played with. Babies are not knowledgeable. They treat their parents as scholars and listen to their parents' teachings. If you bully your children now, you are teaching your children to bully them." . The mother deceives the son, and the son does not believe in the mother, so this is not the reason for cooking pigs.
(Selected from "Han Feizi")
Notes 1. Gu Fan: Come back. ②Knowledge: The ability to judge right from wrong.
26． Shi Kuang discusses learning
Original text Jin Pinggong asked Yu Shikuang: "I am seventy years old. I want to learn, but I am afraid it is already late!" Shi Kuang said: "Why don't you burn candles?" Ping Gong said: "How dare you, a blind minister, play tricks on his emperor?" Shi Kuang said: "How dare you, a blind minister, play tricks on his emperor? I heard that: 'If you are young, you are eager to learn, like the rising sun; if you are strong, you are eager to learn, like the rising sun. Light; old and eager to learn, like the brightness of a candle. "What is the brightness of a candle?" The public said: "How good!"
(Selected from "Shuo Yuan")
Notes ① Bingzhu: Light a candle to illuminate. ②renchen: minister.
27. A sheep dies on a crossroads
Original text Yang Zi’s neighbor lost a sheep, so he not only led his party ①, but also asked Yang Zi’s Zhu ② to pursue him. Yang Zi said: "Hey! If a sheep is lost, why are so many chasing after it?" The neighbor said: "There are many different roads." When he turned back, he asked, "Did you catch the sheep?" He said, "It was lost." He said, "Xi. "Death?" He said: "There are differences in the road. I don't know where it is, so it's the opposite." Yang Zi suddenly changed his face. The disciples were surprised and asked, "Sheep are cheap animals and do not belong to the Master. How can they be used in derogatory speech and laughter?" Yang Zi did not answer, and the disciples were not ordered to do so.
(Selected from "Liezi")
Notes ① Party: In the old days, it referred to relatives. ②Vertical: Child servant
28. Taizu of the Song Dynasty was afraid of historians
Original text (Song Dynasty) Taizu was trying to play a sparrow in the back garden. Some ministers asked him to see him for something urgent. Taizu was eager to see him, so what he played was a common thing. The superior was angry and questioned him about the reason, and said: "I am eager to play the sparrow." The superior became more angry and hit his mouth with the handle of the axe, knocking out two teeth. You want to sue me!" He said to me, "I can't sue your majesty. I should have written it in the official history." I gave him money and silk to comfort him.
(Selected from "Shu Sù Shui Ji Wen")
25. Zengzi killed the pig
Original text Zengzi’s wife went to the market, and his son began to cry. His mother said to him, “When my daughter returns home, I will kill the piggy for her.” Zeng Zi wants to catch the piggy and kill it when his wife comes to market. The wife stopped and said, "I am playing with babies." Zengzi said, "Babies are not meant to be played with. Babies are not knowledgeable. They treat their parents as scholars and listen to their parents' teachings. If you bully your children now, you are teaching your children to bully them." . The mother deceives the son, and the son does not believe in his mother, so this is not the reason for cooking pigs.
(Selected from "Han Feizi")
Notes ① Gu Fan: Come back. ②Knowledge: The ability to judge right from wrong.
28． Taizu of the Song Dynasty was afraid of historians
Original text (Song Dynasty) Taizu was trying to play a sparrow in the back garden. Some ministers asked him to see him for something urgent. Taizu was eager to see him, so what he played was a common thing. The superior was angry and questioned him about the reason, and said: "I am eager to play the sparrow." The superior became more angry and hit his mouth with the handle of the axe, knocking out two teeth. You want to sue me!" He said to me, "I can't sue your majesty. I should have written it in the official history." I gave him money and silk to comfort him.
(Selected from "Shu Sù Shui Ji Wen")
Translator Taizu often hunted birds in the back garden of the palace. Once, several ministers reported that they had urgent matters and asked to see them. Song Taizu then summoned him. But after being summoned, they all wrote about very ordinary things. Song Taizu was very unhappy and asked why.
A courtier replied: "I think these things are more urgent than hunting birds." Song Taizu became even more angry. He picked up the ax lying beside him and hit the man in the mouth with the ax handle, knocking out two teeth. The man was too slow. He slowly bent down, picked up the tooth, and put it in his arms. Taizu scolded him and said, "Why do you still want to keep the evidence to sue me when you have a tooth?" The courtier replied, "I don't know how to pick up the tooth." I'm telling your Majesty, but the officials responsible for recording history will write this matter into the history books." Song Taizu then understood. He became happy and gave the minister some gold and silk to comfort him.
When Fan Zhong wanted to make utensils, he first planted catalpa lacquer, which was scorned by people at the time. However, all the accumulated years have been put to good use. Anyone who smiles at him is asking for falsehood. This planting is inevitable. The proverb goes: "A one-year plan is better than a tree in a valley; a ten-year plan is better than a tree." This is what it means.
Translation:
Fan Zhong once wanted to make utensils, so he first planted catalpa and lacquer trees. People at that time despised his approach. But after a few years, both catalpa and sumach came in handy. Those who laughed at him in the past are now borrowing these things from him.
This shows that planting trees cannot be stopped! As the saying goes: "A one-year plan is worse than planting millet; a ten-year plan is worse than planting trees." This is what it means! (You should consider the long term when doing things)
Notes:
Explain the meaning of the words in brackets
The one who laughs at (to): the past
Moruo (tree) wood: planting
The "Xian" in "Xianqiujiayan" in the article should be interpreted as (du, quan), "fake" means (borrowing), which is consistent with the idiom "(without thinking)" )" has the same meaning as "false".