The content of poetry can be roughly divided into several categories: farewell poetry, landscape poetry, epic poetry, object-chanting poetry and so on. The following are explained separately.
1. Farewell poem
(1) Because of the rugged roads and backward transportation, the ancients paid more attention to parting. Scholar-officials not only prepare wine to fold willows, but also write poems for travelers (farewell) or residents (farewell). Therefore, expressing farewell is a common theme in ancient poetry.
Farewell poems are a big category of ancient poems. They usually describe scenery and express parting feelings according to time and place, thus reflecting the author's thoughts and feelings. Most of these poems are touching and full of sentimental feelings, such as Liu Yong's Lin Yuling. Most of these poems are lyrical in artistic techniques, and they also use imagination and association to shape images. Graceful poets and poets write more.
Regarding the practice of farewell poems, several poets and legalists have summarized it as: "The first narrative topic is interesting; The second joint talk about personnel, or farewell, or discussion; The third combination of scenery, or with vision, or things; The fourth said when to meet again, or entrust, or expect. It can be said that you can be in the middle of the second league or upside down, but you can't repeat it. You must have the second place. The last sentence should be reasonable, meaning that it is better to stay away. "
(2) For example
Send Liu Si directly to Wang Wei in Anxi.
The unique yangguan road is filled with smoke and dust. Only a few geese flew by in the whole spring, and few pedestrians were seen on the road.
Alfalfa chases Tianma, and peach blossoms chase Han Chen. This should frighten foreigners into asking.
[Explanation] The whole poem starts with geographical location and scenic features, then narrates historical facts, praises Wade in the Han Dynasty, and summarizes the main idea of the whole poem: When you go to Anxi this time, you must make foreigners afraid and don't look for humiliating "intimacy" strategies.
Evening rain was sent ("Cao" is also called "Zhou") to Wei.
The Chu River is shrouded in thin rain, and the companion city rings in the dusk. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly.
The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Farewell to my old friend, I love infinity, and tears fall down on the river.
[Explanation]: The topic comes straight to the point, pointing out that Li Zhou is going to bid farewell at dusk, setting the tone for the farewell with the characteristics of the scenery, and Jianye-the place where friends are going. "The deep Haimen can't see the end, the cypress trees in the distance are swaying in the rain, and endless feelings are like this endless rain." These four sentences visualize other feelings and contrast the depth of friendship.
(3) Test exercise:
Read the following poem and answer the questions.
(1) Send Du Fourteen to Meng Haoran in Jiangnan.
Jason Wu, as a hometown connected with water, it is slim for you to go to Chunjiang. Where do the sails anchor at sunset? As far as the horizon is concerned, it breaks people's intestines.
1. What does the word "thin" mean in this poem? (including the author's mood? )
A: The word "slim" contains complex emotions. Literally, it seems to describe the vast waves and misty rain on the Chunjiang River. In fact, it is the poet's blank mind and the poet's loss when he bid farewell to his friends.
2. What are the characteristics of three or four sentences in poetry in expression skills?
A: The third sentence is a question, which leads to a turning point and prepares for the next lyric; The sentence at the end not only expresses the feeling of parting, but also is not direct, memorable and meaningful.
(2) Farewell to Wei Qi
In the morning, I heard the wanderer singing a farewell song. Last night, you crossed the Yellow River. People who are most worried are afraid to hear the swan song, and lonely travelers are in the silence of mountains and clouds.
Here in the gate city, it will be cold, and the voice of the imperial anvil is much late. Please don't think Chang 'an is a place of enjoyment, lest you waste precious time.
Note: farewell song: farewell song. Guancheng: Tongguan and Hanguguan. Royal Garden: Royal Palace. Anvil: The sound of beating cold clothes.
1. What are the characteristics of the season (parting environment) expressed by the first couplet and the parallel couplet? What emotion did the poet express from it?
A: The Frost and the Wild Goose point out the bleak atmosphere in late autumn, from which the poet's sadness and sadness are expressed.
2. What artistic techniques are used to express the ideological content?
A: William spoke frankly and expressed his advice to Wei Wan in the tone of an elder: Don't waste your good time by treating Chang 'an as a place of enjoyment. This is the most common way to send a farewell poem.
(3) Send my friend Li Bai away
Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city. Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away.
Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic. With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.
Note: "Xiao Xiao Ban Ma" comes from The Book of Songs. Bama: A stray horse.
1. What words are used in the first couplet to outline the farewell environment?
Answer: Blue and white "green hills" and "white water" are used in bright colors; The word "horizontal" outlines the static state of Qingshan, while the word "around" depicts the dynamic state of Baishui and depicts a beautiful farewell picture of Qingshan.
2. What artistic techniques are used in the necklace to express the author's thoughts and feelings?
A: The two sentences of the neck couplet are very neat and duality; And skillfully compared with "floating clouds" and "sunset", "floating clouds" are more uncertain and casual than friends' whereabouts; "Sunset" is not just a feeling of saying goodbye to friends, just like the sunset refuses to leave the earth.
Second, write landscape poems.
(1) Ancient poets often traveled in mountains and rivers, wrote about mountains and rivers, and expressed their feelings. Landscape poems accounted for a large proportion in ancient Chinese poetry.
Generally speaking, landscape poems often shape images, outline artistic conception, or use the method of contrast, or integrate feelings with scenery, or use the method of drawing lines, or express aspirations with objects; The two couplets in the middle of a poem are often neat, and the language characteristics of the poem are bright, fresh, concise and simple.
1, grasp the characteristics and implications of the image.
This is what we often say to grasp the poetic image. For example, in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, I see guests off on the Xunyang River. At night, maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. The three images of "maple leaf", "flower" and "autumn" do not highlight the scenery and seasons, but render the environmental atmosphere and the sad mood of the poet when he leaves through the unique attributes of these three images. The images of ancient poetry often combine complexity and simplicity, and combine everything into one, which induces imagination with highly concentrated artistic images and produces peculiar aesthetic effects.
2. Appreciate the artistic conception of poetic blending.
Scenery and lyricism is a major feature of China's classical poems, especially his pastoral poems. Once the natural scenery is absorbed by the poet, it will inevitably bring the poet's emotional color and play a role in expressing the specific feelings of poetry. The methods of scene blending include scene blending, borrowing scenery to express emotion and scene blending.
3. Understand the feelings expressed by the poet's scenery writing.
Generally speaking, it is easy to grasp the feelings between the lines when writing landscape poems, but some landscape poems that are purely landscape poems on the surface are not so easy to understand. This requires us to have a certain understanding of the author's life experience and background at that time, that is, to know people and discuss the world, so as to accurately understand the feelings expressed by the poet's scenery writing. This involves a question of emotional sustenance. When analyzing poetry, we should carefully judge the depth of emotional sustenance and avoid arbitrarily exaggerating the ideological connotation of the work.
4. Analyze the writing skills and language features of poetry.
There are many ways to write landscapes in pastoral poems. When appreciating pastoral poems, we should mainly pay attention to the common methods and skills of writing landscapes.
(1) Pay attention to the author's position of observing the scenery and the angle of describing the scenery, such as the change of height, reclining and reclining.
(2) To master and analyze the author's methods of describing scenery, such as painting, sound and color. Such as "throwing stones in the air, hitting the shore and rolling up thousands of piles of snow."
(3) Understand and explain the skills of describing scenery, such as the combination of reality and reality ("Xiao sees the red and wet place, and the flowers on Jinguan City are heavy"); Calm down by moving ("the bird is surprised when the moon rises, and the spring stream rings"); Contrast between light and shade ("all the wild clouds are black, and the river boat is only bright"); See the big from the small ("the window contains autumn snow in Xiling, at the gate of Wu Dong Wan Li boating"); Sketch is combined with detail description (There are no birds in the mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths) and "A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in Leng Jiang-snow"; The application of bi xing technique.
In the use of language, we should not only learn to appreciate the magnificent scenes described by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei's "Lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen", but also be good at understanding the poet's meticulous observation, capture and description, such as Du Fu's "Fish in the drizzle, Swallow in the breeze".
(2) For example
An autumn night in the mountains
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
[Explanation]: This poem mainly describes several pictures. It has just rained, and the mountain is fresh and spacious. In the evening, autumn is very strong. The moon shines on the pine forest and the clear spring flows quietly. The bamboo forest is rushing, which is a resurrection. The lotus is shaking and the fishing boat is back. With the change of weather, the breath of spring is getting weaker and weaker, and this beautiful mountain scenery can make people linger. The whole poem mainly renders a beautiful and quiet life.
(3) Test exercise:
Read the following poem and answer the questions.
(1) Night parking near Fengqiao Zhangji
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
1. What landscapes did the author describe in the poem? What are the characteristics of these scenes?
A: The setting of the moon, the singing of birds, the frost all over the sky, the maple trees by the river, the fishing fire and the Hanshan Temple are all the characteristics of a quiet and cold autumn night.
2. What thoughts and feelings did the author express through the description of the scenery?
Answer: Write about the lonely and melancholy feelings of travelers.
(2) An autumn night in the mountains, Wang Wei (see above)
1. What artistic conception did the author create in this poem?
A: At the beginning of Shan Yu, everything was new; The early autumn evening is quiet and clear. Clear springs, bamboo forests, pine trees under the moon and water lilies are peaceful and beautiful scenery in the mountains of autumn sky.
2. What is the author's ideal in this artistic conception?
A: The description of poetic scenery reflects the poet's ideal of quiet simple living and his aversion to dirty officialdom. The object in the poem is Qing Xiang, and man is harmony, hoping for political communication. Spring water, pine, bamboo and purple can be said to be a portrayal of the poet's noble sentiment and a foil to the poet's ideal environment.
(3) Du Fu's quatrains
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
1. The artistic skills of writing this poem.
A: There are pictures in the poem. This poem is a poetic masterpiece. The antithesis is neat, natural and smooth, without carving.
2. What are the characteristics of this poem in spring?
Answer: Write a picture of the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.
(4) Wei, in Chuzhou Xixi
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees. The rain brought by the spring tide came late and quickly, and no one ferried at night.
1. What technique is used in this poem? What kind of feelings did the poet show?
A: This poem uses the technique of expressing one's will by supporting things; Others think that the method of comparison is used. The first two sentences of the poem are about the solitary grass beside the ravine, but there is no intention of oriole, which shows the poet's calm mentality; In the scene where no one crosses the river at night and the water flows through the boat, there is a kind of helplessness and sadness that is out of place and useless.
(5) Dai Shulun, the best in Lanxi
Liu Wanmei hangs on the cool moon, and the Zhongshan mirror looks more. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight.
1. What angle does the first sentence of the poem look up and the second sentence look down? What kind of realm do these two poems outline?
A: The beautiful moonlight and clear streams of Lanxi Mountain are outlined, which are hazy and ethereal, making people fall into a fairyland.
2. The whole poem, from beginning to end, does not write "people" or "feelings", but it makes people feel that there are people in the scene and there are feelings in the scene. Q: What is the image of the person in the poem? What kind of love is it?
A: Write about the joy and happiness of fishermen. The whole picture makes people feel that Lanxi landscape is full of vitality.
(6) Meng Haoran, official meditation room.
The righteous practice Zen silence and become attached to the empty forest. The outdoor peak is beautiful and the front steps are deep.
The setting sun is full of rain, the sky is gray and gloomy. Look at the lotus net, and you will know that you are not stained.
1. What are the characteristics of the scenery described in this poem?
A: The valley is beautiful, the mountains are clean, the air is fresh, moist and cool, and natural and elegant.
2. What are the linguistic features of this poem?
A: The expression is natural and lively, and the words are clear and beautiful.
Third, chanting poems about things.
(1) Poetry expresses a person's spiritual quality or ideal by appreciating unique things. Appreciation can start from the following aspects:
1, grasp the characteristics of what you are singing.
Since it is an object-chanting poem, it is of course necessary to write the shape, color and characteristics of the object to be sung, and pursue appropriateness and realism. However, if it is only objective description and satisfied with modeling, it is not a good poem about objects. That is to say, it should not only be similar in shape, but also similar in spirit.
Such as "the pure heart is hungry because of this, and you sing in vain all night." Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! . Yes, I walked like a drifting log. I made my garden full of weeds. I thank you for your advice and let you live a pure life like you. " (Li Shangyin's Cicada) This is a poem about things, which uses cicadas as a metaphor for the author himself. The first four sentences are about the plight of cicadas: because they pretend to be lofty, they always have no food to eat; Although I tried to scream, it was all in vain and I couldn't get sympathy. This is actually the poet himself. The following four sentences are straightforward. In the triple sentence, I said that my official position is humble and there is no shelter; The next sentence says that the countryside is deserted, so what are you doing as an official? Reveal the intention to resign and retire. Tai Lian also linked her fate with cicada, got a warning from cicada's cry and realized that she was as poor as cicada. The author writes about cicadas with reverence and sympathy, and warns himself that he should be as lofty and upright as cicadas, and he will never change his original intention even if the political environment is bad.
2. Understand the poet's mood when describing things.
Tao Yuanming chanted chrysanthemums, expressing a leisurely mood; Lu you Yongmei, shows that he is not kitsch, stick to the integrity of justice. Because of the author's different experiences, hobbies and even observation angles, even if he writes the same thing, he often has different feelings and expresses different feelings. Of course, not all poems about objects contain the sustenance of the poet's sober consciousness. However, an excellent object-chanting poem always attracts readers with its vivid image and strong aesthetic feeling, and intentionally or unintentionally reveals the poet's attitude towards life, or entrusts with a beautiful understanding, or implies the truth of life. This is something we should understand carefully when reading.
For example, "Flowers grow in the eyes of grass and vines, and small white flowers grow red on Yue Nv's cheeks. Poor sunset fragrance, marry Dongfeng without media. " (Li He's Thirteen Songs of Chu) This is what Li He did when he resigned and returned to his hometown to live in Changgu. The first and second sentences in the poem are about the blooming of new flowers, the third and fourth sentences are about the falling of late spring flowers, and the whole poem personifies flowers. When the flowers bloom, they look like Yue Nv's watery eyes and her beautiful face, which is beautiful. However, the good times did not last long. At dusk (late spring), the flowers withered and fell red all the way. "Cherish" is the feeling of cherishing flowers and hurting spring, and it is also the poet's word of self-injury and self-mourning. The last sentence uses anthropomorphic techniques to write the state when the fallen flower is unable to save itself. On the surface, "marrying Dongfeng" is voluntary, and "no media" proves this. In fact, Jiaohua is willing to leave the branch. "Marrying Dongfeng" is still an involuntary thing, although it "does not need the media". Don't marry when flowers are in full bloom, but marry when they are dying, which adds to the melancholy. In fact, this is a tragic atmosphere, but it is written from a happy mood. Seemingly abnormal, but also in line with the theme of the poem. Considering the poet's situation at that time, he was only in his twenties and was in his prime, but he was not used by the authorities. He has no ability, so he can only die. A careful study of this situation will reveal the poet's good intentions in writing this poem.
3. Analysis of the writing skills of chanting poems.
The writing skills of chanting poems include personification, metaphor, positive description and side contrast.
(2) For example:
Du Xunhe Komatsu
When pine trees were young, they grew in deep, deep grass and could not be seen. Now they are found to be much taller than weeds. Those trees that don't recognize that they can soar into the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is tall.
[Explanation]: First of all, we should see the characteristics of the praised "thing", and then analyze the spirit and quality praised by the author. This poem means that pine trees didn't attract people's attention when they were young, and people didn't say they were tall until they soared into the sky. It can be considered that the author uses Komatsu as a metaphor.
Fourth, nostalgic poems.
(a), find out the historical facts
We must know something about the historical facts and characters involved in the works, which requires us to accumulate some historical knowledge. When reading a poem, you must read the notes, which is also a key to understanding the material.
(2) Understand the intention
There must be a realistic reason or medium to trigger emotions and let future writers think about the dusty past. Such as Su Shi's "Niannujiao? Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou and went to a local place called Chibi, which is said to be the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms. This red cliff can also be said to be the medium that triggers the poet's feelings. Xin Qiji's Ode to Fishing Music? In "Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia", the poet boarded Jingkou Pavilion, and historically insisted on taking Jingkou as a stronghold to fight against the northern enemy, which was related to the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Jingkou Pavilion was the media that triggered the poet's feelings. The realistic reason for the poet's poetic feeling is that the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty managed to steal peace and could not serve the country.
(3), comprehend feelings
Poets reminisce about the past and praise the past. There are roughly several situations:
The first situation is to think about history calmly and rationally, which is not involved by the poet himself. For example, Du Mu and Wang Anshi both wrote the poem Wujiang Pavilion. Du Mu regretted Xiang Yu's suicide: "Jiangdong disciples are versatile, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback." However, Wang Anshi felt the inevitability of Xiang Yu's failure history: "Although Jiangdong disciples are here today, I am willing to make a comeback for you."
The second situation is to distort historical facts and reality, or the feelings of personal experience, or the struggle of social reality. Two Song Ci poems we learned in middle school, Nian Nujiao? Red Cliff Nostalgia, Jingkou Nostalgia and Gubeiting Nostalgia are all the same.
The third situation is to seize the shadow of history and deliberately exploit loopholes. For example, Jia Sheng by Li Shangyin is such a masterpiece that satirizes the present and the present.
(4) Analysis of writing
In terms of conception, it can be said that a hundred flowers blossom and miss the past, and there are scenes to set off feelings, such as Su Shi's Nian Nu Jiao? Chibi nostalgia; There are also discussions. For example, the Six Wonders Classic was written by Chen Pingji, and Wang's bait was heard by Jia. Dare to go back to a foreign country, Han parents and. "("Wang Zhaojun "), made a bitter satire on the incompetence of the Han and Yuan emperors. In terms of composition, it is either a front contrast or a side contrast.
(5) For example:
Yili Bianhe District
Bianshui infinite spring water flows eastward, and Sui Palace Que has become dust. Pedestrians don't look at the long embankment, and the wind blows flowers and worries people.
Bianhe Huaigu Pi Rixiu
It is said that the Sui Dynasty perished because of this river, but now it is still flowing, and the north and south ships are unimpeded. If there is no water temple dragon boat, * * * Yu will not talk more about merit.
[Explanation]: The first sentence of Bianhe Qu is a description of the scenery. It used to be the palace of the Sui Dynasty, but now it is shaded by willows, focusing on the feeling of prosperity and decline in the past. In the beginning of The Past of Bianhe River, starting with what is commonly called "Sui died like this river", it is considered that the Southern Tour is not inferior to Dayu in digging the Grand Canal.
Fifth, sentimental poetry.
The ancients often wrote poems on the topic of "things", expressing their feelings because of something, such as caring for relatives, seeing friends off, homesickness, giving people away, life feelings and leisure.
(1) Find out the reasons for the poet's feelings.
This kind of poetry is often expressed with emotion because of a little reason, so to appreciate this kind of works, we must understand the reasons why the poet feels. For example, the same homesickness: Du Fu's Moonlit Night misses his wife in the scene of war-torn and deserted moonlit night; Li Yu's "Langtaosha Order" mourned the motherland when the country broke the prison and woke up from a happy dream. Zhu bian's "The Sound of Spring" stayed at home in the middle of a cold environment. The emotional reasons caused by this are different, the reasons why poets express their feelings are different, and the feelings expressed by poets and the brushwork used are also different.
(2) Appreciate the combination of "things" and "bosom".
Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night": "Whose Yu Di flies secretly?" The poet's homesickness was triggered by a poem "Broken Willow". First, he wrote the flute dancing all over the city, and then he wrote homesickness. The combination of "things" and "nostalgia" is close and natural.
(3) Appreciate the poet's profound and touching "mind".
In particular, the masterpieces of homesickness, missing relatives, cherishing friends and parting will be touching and never artificial. For example, Du Fu's On Going Downstream is not uncommon in Qi Palace, and Cui has heard it several times before. It's a beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and I meet you when the flowers fall. "This is a poem written after An Shi Rebellion. Poets praise ordinary things and contain rich and profound social contents. On the surface, this poem is "meeting an old friend in a foreign land", and there seems to be a kind of "happiness" between the lines. However, behind this "happiness", the poet has a deep "worry"-a feeling of hurting the world and worrying about the country and the people. The first two sentences are memories of the rich and colorful spiritual and cultural life of the upper class. After more than 40 years, these two experienced old poets and artists met unexpectedly while living in Changsha, and they were filled with emotion. Just four sentences, spanning more than 40 years, how summarized. These two sentences not only point out the season of reunion, but also describe happiness and sadness. " Good Scenery in the South of the Yangtze River is a powerful contrast between troubled times and poor life experience. The next sentence "the season of falling flowers" has another sustenance: the national situation is declining, the prime of life has passed, a rising tide lifts all boats, and good times are hard to come by. I couldn't help asking each other sadly, tears streaming down my face. Poetry has gone through decades of vicissitudes and ups and downs of life from "smell" to "encounter" without touching a word from the front. But through the poet's memories and feelings, readers strongly felt the ups and downs of the world, the ups and downs of the years, and the desolation of each other.
Sixth, frontier poems
(1) Understand the background of poetry creation.
Frontier poems can best reflect the rise and fall of national luck. The keynote of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is heroic, bright and unyielding. For example, "Who knows that if you don't suffer in the side court, you will be fragrant when you die." (Wang Wei) "Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times? " (William Wang) "The yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and it will never be returned without smashing Loulan." (Wang Changling) No matter how hard the war is, it is magnificent. Even if you go to a distant garrison, it is bright and lively. Even if you die bravely, you have no regrets. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the national situation gradually declined. Although the poet has maintained a high-spirited tone, it is more tragic and sad. For example, "poor riverside bones, you are still a dream girl." (Chen Tao) In the Song Dynasty, the country was always at a disadvantage in the national struggle, with constant foreign invasion and national disaster. The feelings revealed in frontier fortress poems are more reflected in the resentment that there is no way to serve the country, such as Lu You's "self-confidence in the Great Wall, the decline in the mirror has begun." ; Or mourn for the hopeless return home, such as "Ran Yan didn't come home without a plan, and the tube was full of frost." However, no matter what period, frontier poems are full of patriotic themes.
(2) Pay attention to distinguish its ideological content and emotional characteristics.
Under the theme of frontier fortress campaign, the ideological content of frontier fortress campaign poems is rich and colorful: there is a desire to make contributions; Have the passion to serve the motherland; There is nostalgia for literati and hatred for his wife at home; It shows the hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the cruelty of years of fighting. There is a reflection of dissatisfaction with the emperor's expansion of the territory, and there is also a reflection of amazing scenery different from the Central Plains ... so we should pay attention to the difference in appreciation.
(3) Analyze the different artistic styles of frontier poems.
The artistic style of frontier fortress poems is also colorful. Some are bold and broad-minded, some are magnificent and sad, and some are euphemistic and beautiful ... Only through careful understanding of poetry words can we accurately understand the colorful artistic styles reflected by the themes of frontier poems caused by different times, different contents, different poets' different artistic attainments and different life experiences. For example, Wang Changling's "Forever in My Heart", "Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, and they put on makeup in spring. Suddenly I saw the willow color and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. " The title of this poem is "in my heart forever". Where there is resentment, there must be sadness. At the beginning of the poem, however, unexpectedly, starting from the opposite side of the meaning of the problem, the young woman who lives in the boudoir and separated from her husband seems to have become accustomed to hiding in this isolated closed circle, but she is mentally paralyzed and has "no worries". When she was in "spring makeup", she suddenly saw the willow color, and obviously felt the great temptation of its beautiful scenery. The moving scenery naturally felt the feeling that in my heart forever was young and beautiful: she regretted not letting her husband join the army for fame, but failed to live up to this beautiful scenery. A word "regret" tells the deep sorrow of the young woman "in my heart forever". Besides, spring scenery makes young women's hearts flutter, "I don't know how to worry." Starting from a happy scene, reflecting sadness and strengthening the theme make the writing ups and downs, ups and downs, and more eye-catching. In a word, this poem exposes itself without saying goodbye, and is doubly sad without saying sorrow, showing superb artistic techniques.
(4) For example:
Sai Xia Qu Li Bai
It snows in Tianshan Mountain in May, but the smallpox is only cold. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.
The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country.
[Explanation]: This metrical poem was written directly on the frontier fortress. By describing the frontier fortress scenery and soldiers' life, the soldiers' ideological activities are expressed. The last four sentences are about the fierceness of the war, which shows the soldiers' high passion.
Thirteen Poems of Li He in Nanyuan (Part Five)
Why don't men take Wu Gou and accept fifty states in Guanshan? Please go to see the paintings of the founder heroes with pictures. Another scholar was once called the aristocrat of a million families?
One sentence, two sentences, fourteen words in one go, and the rhythm is bright, which is very in line with the poet's high-spirited mood and urgent mood. The word "why not" in the first sentence is very expressive. It not only constitutes a specific sentence pattern, but also emphasizes the rhetorical tone, which enhances the power of poetry to convey feelings. Connecting with reality, we can read the poet's complex feelings of being eager to go to the battlefield and defend the country under the situation of war and war. "Why not do it?" At this moment, self-questioning is imperative, and it also implies the critical military situation and the poet's anxiety. In addition, it also makes people feel the pent-up resentment of the poet.
With imperative sentences and rhetorical questions, the poet set off the inevitability of joining the army from the opposite side and further expressed his incompetence and resentment. From high-spirited agitation to melancholy and sadness, it not only shows the brushwork of contrast, but also shows the rhythm of ups and downs, echoing in urgency. In this way, the poet expresses his complex thoughts and feelings in the rhythm of poetry, which allows readers to deepen their understanding and feelings of the theme from the infection of rhythm.
(3) When appreciating this kind of poems, we should also pay attention to the fact that each poem has its own ideological and emotional characteristics under the theme of the frontier war, which should be analyzed in detail.
For example, Jia Dao wrote a poem about his "halal bitterness" and "suburban thinness" style:
Swordsman Jia Dao
After ten years' hard work, I have grinded out a sword. The edge of the sword flashes in cold light, but I haven't tried its sharpness. Now take it out and show it to you. Whoever is wronged may as well tell me the truth.
Obviously, the swordsman here is the poet's self-metaphor. "Sword" is a metaphor for one's own talent. The poet did not describe his ten-year career of studying hard at a cold window, nor did he express his outstanding talent and grand ideal. Instead, I incorporated my inner intentions into the images of "sword" and "swordsman" through ingenious ideas, and included my political ambitions in vivid images.
In a large number of frontier poems, the artistic styles are very different. Take Du Fu's Go Out Before as an example;
Qian sai du fu
The bow should be the hardest, and the archer should shoot the longest. Shooters should shoot horses, and leaders should catch their leaders.
There is a limit to killing people, and all countries have national boundaries. As long as we can stop the enemy's invasion, is it possible to fight and kill more people?
The first four sentences of the poem are very similar to the popular battle songs in the army at that time. They are quite charming and interesting, and win the main points of discussion. The witticisms of two "dangs" and two "firsts" make people's brains wide open and put forward the key to the operation steps. Four sentences in a row is like summing up combat experience. In terms of artistic conception, the author adopts the method of promoting first and then restraining: the first four sentences are based on popular and philosophical proverbs, telling how to train and use soldiers and how to defeat the enemy; The last four sentences are about how to control martial arts, try to avoid war and force out the original intention of "stopping fighting for martial arts" Auxiliary pen first, then main pen; Between the auxiliary pen and the main pen, it seems to be a sharp turn, but in fact it is a smooth connection, seemingly contradictory, but actually dialectical. The poet not only advocates supporting Qiang Bing, but also advocates "controlling the invasion of the mausoleum", which is in line with the interests of the vast majority of people.