I also need to buy some related dictionaries and read them frequently, which will help improve my understanding ability. If you are a poet, you can memorize all the poems and songs of past dynasties, and then buy some books about poems and songs and study hard. If you really have the heart, you don't need to be quick. Few people in this world can succeed overnight. After all, this era is not the era when China's ancient poems prevailed, and the environment can't provide you with the best learning atmosphere.
Personally, I think, in fact, if you read more ancient Chinese, you will know some poetry allusions, which is helpful for learning poetry. Also, remember to be careful and observe in your daily life, so that you can integrate your true feelings when writing poems, instead of always writing something that imitates the imagination of the ancients but can't express your feelings.
I wish you success!
2. How to learn ancient Chinese quickly is a step-by-step process, and learning classical Chinese is a long-term accumulation process.
Here are some ways to learn vocabulary, reading and translation. I hope you can follow them. The teacher believes you can do well. Six ways to learn classical Chinese vocabulary: 1. Recite.
Reciting is the most basic way to learn classical Chinese vocabulary. Especially the following words should be memorized.
1. A common word in ancient Chinese is now extinct. For example, "I" used to refer to people who claimed to be emperors, but now there is only the word "emperor" without the word "I".
Similarly:,,,, and so on. 2. Although there is this word in modern Chinese, its meaning has changed. The ancient and modern meanings are similar but different.
For example, "snot" used to mean "tears", but now it means snot. The ancient meaning of "faith" is "truth", but now it is "faith" and "trust".
The ancient meaning of "although" is "even", and the present meaning is "although". Second, the contact information comes down in one continuous line in ancient and modern Chinese. Although there are development variations, there are similarities or similarities, which can be pushed forward.
1. Contact disyllabic words in modern Chinese. Monosyllabic words are the main words in ancient Chinese.
Modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic symbols. If you want to know what Guo means, you can contact the word "city Guo" today. In fact, "country" means "outer city". For example, there are words such as change, reason, intention, hometown, old friend and death. , and the ancient word "ancient" combines the above meanings.
2. Connecting with idioms, idioms, dialects and dialects handed down from ancient times, such as "I", the ancient meaning is "poor", and this meaning is still retained in the idiom "take care". Another meaning of "I" is a modest word for things related to myself. Now there are idioms "I" and "my family name".
Three. Comparative method. This method uses the linguistic features of synonyms in ancient Chinese, such as conjunctions, duality and intertextuality, to understand ancient meanings. For example, in The Book of the Teacher, "consult" and "consult" are synonyms, both of which mean "explore". Another example is that "seeking for perfection" uses intertextual rhetoric, "seeking" and "seeking"
In addition, comparing the differences between synonyms and composing songs is also a quick and effective method. For example, "the voice with tears is crying, and the silence with tears is crying."
No sound, no tears. "Fourth, the analysis method 1. Analyze Chinese characters.
That is, analyze the characteristics of Chinese characters themselves to understand their meaning. For example, the word "supervisor" describes the shape of people overlooking the water tray (the water tray was used as a mirror in ancient times), which is extended to supervision. Another example is the word "Miao", which uses the characteristics of the ancient "three" to represent floods.
In addition, you can also use radicals or infer the category of ancient word meanings. For example, the word "stone" is related to "stone", and the "stone" in "trap door" refers to the grindstone.
2. Analyze the components of the words in the sentence to determine the meaning. For example, the "strategy" in "Ma Shuo" is not based on his own way, and the "zhi" after that refers to a swift horse, so it should be interpreted as "flogging".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract There are many polysemous words in ancient Chinese vocabulary, so it is very difficult to remember them one by one, so we can grasp a general meaning and then change it according to the specific language environment. For example, in ancient Chinese, the word "Wei" is a typical polysemous word, and in junior middle school classical Chinese, it has ten or twenty usages only as a verb. Therefore, as long as we grasp the basic meaning of "doing", we can avoid complexity and simplify.
6. Induction is the antonym of "deduction". We can sum up the different uses of a word scattered in different texts, compare and identify it, so as to fully understand the meaning of the word.
For example, the word "genus": (1) There is Mulberry in Meitang, fertile land. (2) the ownership of the company's life.
(3) it belongs to the composition to remember. (4) expression does not belong to Su Huang.
In (1), genus is described as class, in (2) it is described as subordinate, in (3) it is the same as delegate, and in (4) it is described as connection.
3. There is an appendix in the second volume of the commonly used classical Chinese vocabulary in grade nine. You can compare the notes under the book, so that your memory is more secure. Review the text again. Why not? You should also pay attention to some words that are unreasonable in all senses, that is, the possibility of interchangeable words. One of the usages of function words in classical Chinese is pronoun 1 and personal pronoun, which is translated as "he", "she" and "they".
(Cao Gui Debate) (2) Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. (Chen She Family) 3 Why did Confucius call it "Wen"? ("Ten Rules") 4 Ask when you wake up.
("Bian Que meets Cai Xinggong") 2. Demonstrative pronouns refer to things, which are translated into "it", "them" or literally translated names of things. (1) study in time, what's more? ("Ten Laws") After killing himself, he broke his shares and was killed.
("Wolf Warriors") 3 Confucius said: Learn silently and never tire of learning, and never tire of teaching. (Ten Laws) 4 The ghost asked, "Who are you replying to?" Ding Bo is responsible for this.
(Song Ding Bo Catch Ghosts) (5) recast, then the wolf stopped, and the old wolf came again. ("Wolf") Second, the auxiliary word: 1, the structural auxiliary word, translated as "De" ① Jun's illness is in the stomach and intestines, and it will benefit if he doesn't treat it.
(Bian Que meets Cai Huangong) (2) With your strength, you can't destroy the hill of the Sheikh's father. ("Gong Yu Yishan") 3 Taste the benevolent heart of the ancients.
("Yueyang Tower") (4) Qin was made in the south, why did you take the right of chickens and dogs? ("Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun") ⑤ Knock on the stone to plow the soil and transport the dustpan to the end of the Bohai Sea. (Gong Yu Yishan) 2. The structural mood auxiliary word is placed between the subject and the predicate, which cancels the independence of the sentence.
(1) Good medical care is not a disease. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") ② In the bone marrow, where Siming belongs, doing nothing! (Bian Que meets Cai Huangong) Although I am dead, I still have a son.
("Gong Yu Yishan") 4 The trip to the sun and the moon, if out of its territory. ("Looking at the Sea") ⑤ Give the lotus of love to the mud without being defiled.
("Ailian said") 3. Tone auxiliary words form syllables. (1) The public will drum it up.
("Cao Gui Debate") 2 For a long time, my eyes seem awkward and mean very leisurely. (Wolf) 3 Disappointed for a long time.
("Chen She Family") (4) In a short time, more than 20 thieves rode around and hundreds of people followed the bow and arrow on foot. (Biography of the Great Iron Vertebra) 4. Structural auxiliary words, the symbol of prepositional object.
The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard of by Taohou. (Ailian said) What' s the matter? What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? The conjunction 1, a conjunction indicating a coordinate relationship, can be translated as "you", "moreover" and "ye". Sometimes translation is not required.
(1) You can be a teacher if you review old things and learn new things. (Ten Rules) There are different kinds of snakes in Yongzhou, some are black and some are white.
(Snake Catcher Theory) 3 Dongpo is the one crowned in the middle, (the story of the nuclear ship) 2. The conjunctions indicating inheritance are translated into "then" and "JIU". (Ten Rules) (2) At Huan Hou, Bian Que left. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") Wei Jianting, fighting, captured and killed the captain.
(Chen She aristocratic family) 3. The conjunctions indicating turning points are translated into "but", "however" and "but". (1) people don't know and don't mind, not as good as a gentleman? ("Ten Rules") (2) Love the lotus alone, never touch the mud, never be evil ... You can watch it from a distance, don't be ridiculous.
("Ailian said") There are often swift horses, but Bole doesn't. (Ma Shuo) 4. A conjunction indicating a progressive relationship.
Translate "and" or not ". (1) with three brave and versatile, push for long.
("Feng Wanzhen") (2) Drinking less and getting drunk, the highest age, so it is called an alcoholic. ("Zuiweng Pavilion") 3 Sensitive and studious.
("Ten Laws") 5. It represents a modified relationship, which can be translated as "ground" and "zhe" or not. (1) Hequ laughs when it's wrong.
(One Mountain in Gong Yu) I stood up and looked at it. ("The Snake Catcher said") 3 Make a fuss, but stay there for a long time.
(Oil Man) 6. The conjunctions indicating causality are translated into "therefore", "therefore" and "therefore". (1) Fermented spring is wine, spring fragrance and wine bottle.
(Preface to the Drunken Pavilion) Liu Bei is a hero in the world, and there is a gap with Cao Cao. He stays on the table to show his evil ability and can't use him. (Zi Zhi Tong Jian. Battle of Red Cliffs ") (3) If you are not a lady's thing, you will take it away by force, but you will play with it.
The preposition 1 introduces the time when the action occurs, which can be translated as "in" and "from". (1) In December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, I took a snowstorm from Beijing ... As for Taian.
("Climbing Mount Tai") 2. Introduce the reason for the action, which can be translated as "because …" and "because …". ① Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself.
("The Story of Yueyang Tower") (2) Everyone says that Meng Changjun can get the soil, so the scholars return it. ("Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun") 3 Fu Su used the theory of counting admonitions to make foreign generals.
(The Chen She Family) (4) And I make a living by catching snakes. (On Snake Catchers) 3. Introduce the conditions on which the action depends, which can be translated as "relying, using, following" and so on.
(1) If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one post for each rhyme, and store it in a wooden box. ("Ma Shuo") If you don't follow the path, you can't make the best use of food.
("Ma Shuo") 3 People in the territory do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world does not take the benefits of military revolution. (Chapter 2 of Mencius) (4) With the strength of more than a year, it is impossible to destroy a hair on the mountain.
(One Mountain in Gong Yu) Second, the conjunction 1 is equivalent to "lai" in modern Chinese. (1) The intention is to dig a tunnel to attack the rear.
("Wolf") (2) Your Majesty should also ask for help for himself, so that he can ask others for advice. Therefore, it is necessary for your wife to observe the people's feelings.
("The Snake Catcher said") 4 Sincerely open the holy hearing to show the glory of the first emperor and the greatness of the people. (Model) 2. Table results can be translated as "even number" and "therefore".
(1) It's not appropriate to laugh at yourself, and it's a metaphor that loses its righteousness, so as to block the road of loyalty and admonition. (Teacher's Watch) 3. Table juxtaposition or commitment, causality.
(1) belongs to the composition. Remember it. Third, the verb: translated as "thinking".
The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, bring disgrace to oneself. The usage of notional words in classical Chinese is 1. People don't know but don't care (resentment). Ten Analects of Confucius II. Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous (confused) (confused) (ibid.) 3. Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching (ibid.) 4. Choose advantages) (same as above) 5. Your illness lies in the skin, but if you don't treat it, it will benefit (gradually) "Bian Que sees Cai Huangong" 6. When he wakes up, let people ask (.
4. A good way to learn classical Chinese 1. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is the knowledge of classical Chinese words and sentence patterns. Only by accumulating certain knowledge of classical Chinese can we read classical Chinese fluently.
1. Pay attention to preview. Before learning to teach yourself, you must translate word for word with the help of notes. Don't wait for the teacher to explain. Pay attention to find out difficult sentences and submit them to class discussion, and ask teachers and classmates for advice.
It is necessary to classify keywords, highlight key points and break through difficulties. There are many notional words in classical Chinese that are polysemy and multi-purpose. We should be good at memorizing, comparing, summarizing and sorting out, and learn "words" vividly.
2. Follow the principle of "Words are inseparable from sentences" to understand and appreciate the meaning and usage of notional words and function words, which are always shown in a specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese words, don't memorize them by rote, but try to figure them out in combination with "context". Remember, there are five main sentence patterns in classical Chinese: judgment sentence, interrogative sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence and inversion sentence, each of which has several different forms. Remember the form that is easy to remember and understand.
Second, Chinese textbooks emphasize the reading and reciting of classical Chinese, with the intention of enabling students to master the knowledge of classical Chinese, understand the meaning of the text and cultivate their language perception ability through more reading and reciting. Reading can be divided into four steps: 1. With the help of notes, finish the task of rough reading in the preview of rough reading text.
The primary task of rough reading is to dredge the text, and then perceive the text on this basis, and grasp the structure of the text as a whole. Combine your notes, read it two or three times according to the context, and then guess, you should be able to understand the text.
In rough reading, you should draw difficult words for discussion in class. 2. Ask questions, solve problems, read the text carefully, and through careful reading in class, you should be able to pronounce, make sentences and break sentences accurately, solve difficult problems encountered in rough reading, and analyze the structure of the article.
We should improve our understanding of the content of the article. 3. When reading the text intensively, deeply understand and try to read the tone, intonation and rhythm.
Through intensive reading, we can deeply comprehend and understand the work, feel the emotion of the article and grasp the characteristics of the article. 4. Appreciate and evaluate the text. My personal advice is to read more and remember more.
For words that often appear, we should compare our memories and draw inferences.
5. How to learn classical Chinese and poetry well? I learned classical Chinese very well in middle school, and I can write classical Chinese compositions in high school.
No matter how dull the story is, it is also written in classical Chinese, and the composition is a high score! You have a headache about translation, don't you? Let me give you some advice. 1. You should be familiar with the structure of modern Chinese sentences, and you should be proficient in adverbial attributive complements. If you can't learn this well, it's useless to translate classical Chinese.
Because classical Chinese is generally a word of its own. For example, "although" is a typical objection in ancient and modern times. In ancient Chinese, "although" and "ran" are two words, the former means although, and the latter means so. If understood in modern Chinese, "although he is also happy" can only be translated as: although he is also happy.
Obviously, this sentence is incomplete, and the correct translation is: despite this, he is still happy. This is the problem of sentence structure analysis.
2. Memorize commonly used interchangeable words and ancient and modern synonyms. The common "anti" is actually "back" and "only" is actually "stop" ... There are nearly 100 loanwords in the whole middle school, and there are nearly 20 to remember.
There are not many opportunities to translate interchangeable words, but it is always good to know when you meet them. Ancient and modern objections are more important, such as "although" mentioned above, and "false" means "borrow" in ancient times, as well as "can" and "very". In fact, there are many opposing words in ancient and modern times because ancient prose is generally unique, so this truth must be kept in mind.
Therefore, in ancient times, "energy" was "energy" and "use", and "extraordinary" was "no" (no) and "normal" (ordinary) in ancient times. 3. Be familiar with the flexible use of parts of speech.
Noun usage, adjective usage, causative usage, intentional usage and so on. This is the formal grammar of classical Chinese.
These can also be analyzed by sentence structure. For example, the use of nouns, I will give you a well-known example, Confucius said: "Jun Jun, minister, father, son."
At least you know that a complete sentence, subject and predicate are essential (except interjections, of course). "Jun Jun" seems to be two nouns, obviously lacking a predicate, that is, a verb or adjective, otherwise it can only be translated into "monarch", then the second monarch must obviously be a predicate, and "Jun Jun" means that the classical Chinese grammar of "the monarch is mainly like a monarch" is relatively difficult.
Let me give you another example, such as the use of adjectives, saying that a doctor is a "living dead". Literally, does it mean that doctors are "living dead"? Regardless of whether this meaning is in line with the original intention, let's analyze the sentence structure first. "Doctor" is obviously the subject. What is the predicate? If translated according to the surface meaning, the predicate is obviously lacking. Even with the word "yes", ancient Chinese needs the expression of the verb "nai" or the interjection "ye".
So this sentence must be dismantled. According to the principle of word formation, "death" is a dead person, and movable type must have a separate meaning. If you know the usage of adjectives, then you know that "the living dead" should be translated as "let the dead live".
Even if you don't know the usage of conation, you can analyze that there is a problem. I don't think it is necessary to recite classical Chinese because of my experience. Of course, in order to pursue the effect of flying literary talent, such as preface to Wang Teng-ting, I think recitation is necessary, and nothing else is necessary. As long as I study, I can learn the three related things mentioned above well, pay attention to accumulation, and add a little language talent to cope with the college entrance examination.
Be sure to remember the word-formation principles of classical Chinese! (Khan! Of course, except names of people, places and officials).
6. As for learning, there is also classical Chinese.
& lt； Huang sheng's theory of borrowing books; Qingyuanmei
Huang borrowed a book. The owner of the same garden came to the book and told him:
"You can't read books unless you borrow them. Who can't smell the book? Seven strategies and four libraries, the book of the son of heaven, but how many scholars? How many rich people are there? No matter what other ancestors accumulated, or what future generations abandoned. Not only books are natural, but everything in the world is natural. If you are not a lady's property, you have to worry about being taken away by force, but you will never stop playing with it. I will stay today and go tomorrow, so I can't see it. If the property belongs to me, I will be in high spirits and hide it, saying,' I can see the future'.
"Young good books, how poor. Zhang has a rich collection of books. Borrow, disagree and return to form a dream. That's true. Therefore, it is necessary to look at it and save it. After the general registration, the salary belongs to the book, ups and downs, and the gray silk is full of rolls. Then I lamented that the borrower is dedicated and it is a pity to be young. "
Now, Huang Sheng is poor, and the books he borrowed are almost the same. However, if the public book is not a stingy book like Zhang. However, if you are unlucky, you will meet Zhang Hu, and if you are lucky, you will meet it. Know the blessing and the curse, be good at reading, and reply quickly.
Say it out, make it out of books.
Words and phrases
Never too old to learn; Endless learning
Be worthy of going to school, be worthy of going to school, read widely, read widely, read widely.
A man who is ignorant, ignorant, knowledgeable and talented is a scholar, but he is just a scholar.
Excellent in talent and learning, village pedant, insect fish, bachelor of fighting wine, eager to learn.
All rivers run into the sea, never tire of learning, never know what to learn alone, be good at learning from the past, and be convinced and eager to learn.
Study hard, study hard, be a teacher for Tao, be determined to learn, and stop knitting to persuade students.
High-caliber university, high-caliber school, lonely school, high-caliber bachelor, Handan toddler
University, university, tireless study, antithesis, university.
7. Those with the word "Xue" in ancient Chinese, 2. study
Learn and know. -"Guangya"
Learning is close to understanding. -The Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean
Reading begins with learning. -"Book of Rites, Prince Wang Wen"
Learning is also effective. The closer you get, the smarter you learn. -"Biography of Shangshu"
Scholars can't learn. -"Zhuangzi Gengsancho"
Look far and ask the teacher to learn. -Southern Song Dynasty Ye Fan's "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and Biography of Women"
Study from time to time. -The Analects of Confucius
After studying, there are questions. -Qing Liu Kay "Ask and Say"
2. Imitation. I smiled and walked over to Xifeng to talk. -A Dream of Red Mansions. Another example: learn to speak (learn to speak); Adjust your tongue; Imitate the way his father walks; I can't learn.
3. talk about it.
I can't learn real brother and tide club. -"Biography of Marriage to Wake the World"
Look at that Wanshan beach. Fishermen can learn as much as they can. -Tang Lu Guimeng's Fishing Gear
Another example: learn to talk (gossip; Gossip).
4. give lectures.
Learn and teach. -"Guangya"
Shu Zhongpi is a student of Liu. -Book of Rites
All scholars and bachelors. -"Book of Rites, Prince Wang Wen"
Sad for the king, the youngest brother of the emperor grew up with the prince. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"
name
1, school. It is also called Xue Lu, Xuejiao, Guan Xue, Tang Xue, Gong Xue, College, Wu Xue and Xueyuan.
Learning, official also. -"Guangya Poetry"
A gentleman learns what he knows. -The Analects of Confucius
Learning is one of the three generations. -"Mencius"
It is universally acknowledged. -"Summer"
The primary school is on the left of Gonggong South, and the university is in the suburbs. -"The Book of Rites Wang Zhi"
Mr Guo Zi entered Imperial College London this morning. -Han Yu's "Learning Solution"
2. study. Tian Zi accumulated knowledge. -Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty
Have you learned? -Qing Liu Kay "Ask and Say"
Impression is learning. -Qing Zhou Rong's Biography of the Taro Old Man
Lifelong learning. -Zhang Qing Yu Ting "Ming History"
Is it difficult for people to learn? -Peng Qing end book "Show sons and nephews for learning"
3. discipline; Some systematic knowledge.
Today's study of Qi Qing's Ci. -"Drama Talk Record, Xuanzong Night Call Hanlin Bachelor"