poetry. Ancient poetry can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry. Classical poetry refers to poems that have no strict metrical requirements, while modern poetry is poems that pay attention to metrical rules and have a fixed format.
ancient poetry: also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, refers to the poems before the emergence of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty. The sentence patterns are generally neat and rhyme, but there are no strict rules on the number of words, the number of sentences, the rhyme, the parallelism and the antithesis, which can be regarded as a free style. There are several words in each sentence of a poem, which is called a few words. According to the words, there are four-character poems, five-character poems (referred to as "five ancient poems"), seven-character poems (referred to as "seven ancient poems") and miscellaneous poems (there are more or less words in the poems). For example, Shuoshu is a four-character poem, Shihao Li and Drinking are five ancient poems, Pipa Xing is seven ancient poems, and tianmu Mountain Ascended in a Dream is a miscellaneous poem.
Broadly speaking, Chu Ci and Yuefu Poems can also be regarded as ancient poems.
Songs of Chu: originally referring to songs of Chu, created by Qu Yuan, became a new poetic style with strong colors. The length and sentences are long, and the sentence pattern is uneven level, with many dialects and a large number of modal particles "Xi". Such as "Shejiang".
Yuefu Poetry: "Yuefu" originally refers to the music organ in charge of making music scores, training musicians and collecting lyrics (it was established when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began), and later refers to the collected lyrics and works written by later generations by copying old Yuefu themes or imitating Yuefu genres. Yuefu poems are generally miscellaneous words, including five words, three words, four words and seven words. The earliest Yuefu was mainly folk songs, such as Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast. Literati after the Han Dynasty, such as Cao Cao and his son, Li Bai and Du Fu, imitated Yuefu's poems, and Bai Juyi's "New Yuefu" (Selling Charcoal Weng is one of them) reflected the development of Yuefu's poems, writing current events and creating new topics. Their works all inherit the realistic spirit of Han Yuefu, and their language is popular, lively and full of music. Songs, lines, songs, quotations, chants, sighs, grievances, and exercises are all poems of Yuefu in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and they are used by future generations.
Modern poetry: Modern poetry refers to metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, in order to distinguish it from non-metrical poems in the past, metrical poems were called modern poems or modern poems.
Modern poetry can be divided into three types: metrical poetry, quatrains and arranged poems.
there are five-character poems and seven-character poems. Each song has eight sentences, and every two sentences are called a couplet. The first two sentences are called the first couplet, three or four sentences are called the parallel couplet, five or six sentences are called the neck couplet, and seven or eight sentences are called the tail couplet. The middle two leagues must fight each other. Even-numbered sentences must rhyme at the end (usually the rhyme is leveled, and the first sentence may or may not rhyme). There are rules on whether each word should use a flat tone (equivalent to a level tone and a level tone in modern Chinese) or a flat tone (equivalent to a rising tone and a falling tone in modern Chinese). For example, Passing the Old Village is a five-character poem, and both sides of the yellow river recaptured by the imperial army is a seven-character poem.
quatrains are also called sentence-cutting and sentence-cutting, because their forms are very similar to intercepting half of a metrical poem. Or five words, or seven words. Every four sentences, two or four sentences should rhyme (usually with a flat rhyme), and there are also rules on whether each word in the sentence should be flat or flat, and the quatrains can be used without antithesis. For example, "Send Yuan Er Shi Anxi" and "The Storm on November 4th" are all quatrains.
word. Ci also has the names of Quzi Ci, long and short sentences, Yu Shi, Yuefu and so on. Ci originated in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. At first, it was used to compose words for a certain score, and it was used for singing. To compose lyrics is called lyrics, and the tone selected for lyrics is called tone. Tones have names (such as "Shuidiao Tou" and "Niannujiao"), which are called epigrams. Later, it became a literary genre that lost contact with music, and the epigraph became the name that explained the phonological format of words, that is, the word spectrum. When filling in the lyrics, it is necessary to point out the theme, and more topics are marked under the epigraph. Such as "Go Early" and "Yongmei".
Generally, words are divided into three categories: poem, middle tune and long tune. It is a small order within fifty-eight characters; Fifty-nine words to ninety words are middle tones; More than 91 words are long tones. Only one paragraph of a word is monotonous, two paragraphs are double tones, and three paragraphs and four paragraphs are triple and quadruple. One section is called a terbium. The two paragraphs in shuangdiao are called Shangque and Xiaque, or Shangpian and Xiapian, and the paragraphs in Triassic and Quadruple are called First Que and Second Que in sequence ... The basic characteristics of words in sentence patterns are long and short sentences, ranging from one sentence to eleven sentences. There are rules for the smoothness and rhyme of each tone in the dictionary.
song. Qu is a further development of ci. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, new music lyrics were produced in the north, and in the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Qu (also known as Northern Qu) was formed, which was also called Tang Poetry and Song Poetry. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu is a cantata, including the poem and the number of sets; Zaju is an opera that can be performed. In addition, the southern opera is popular in the south.
Generally, a piece of music is used as an independent unit, with only a few to a dozen words, which must be filled in according to the number of words, level tone and rhyme specified in the piece of music.
the number of sets, also known as divertimento or loose sets, is a complete set of songs, which consists of two or more songs, and its composition has certain rules.
Zaju is a traditional opera, with lyrics, introductions and speeches. There is a complete story, generally divided into 4% and a wedge. One fold is equivalent to a scene, and the wedge is at the beginning or in the middle of four folds, which is equivalent to a prelude or a cut. In the whole play, Kejie, Binbai and Lyrics cooperate with each other to promote the plot development and portray the characters' personalities. The roles are Dan, Mei, Jing and Ugly. The whole play is sung by the protagonist. Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan are known as the four masters of Yuanqu.