Li Dazhao
The civilization of youth is also a struggling civilization, struggling with the situation, times and experiences. Therefore, young people are the king of life, the spring of life and the glory of life. ?
Li Dazhao (188910129 October-128 April) was born in Laoting, Hebei. 1907 was admitted to Tianjin Beiyang Law School? 19 13 After graduation, I went to Japan to study politics at Waseda University in Tokyo. He is a pioneer of capitalism in China, a great Marxist, an outstanding proletarian revolutionary, and one of the main founders of the * * * production party in China, occupying a lofty historical position in the * * * capitalist movement and national liberation in China.
After graduating from Beiyang Law School, Li Dazhao went to Japan to study. At this time, he came into contact with socialist thought and Marxist theory. When Japanese imperialism proposed to Yuan Shikai the "Twenty-one Articles" for the destruction of China, Li Dazhao actively participated in the patriotic struggle of the Students' Federation in Japan, and the book "Report to the National Elderly" drafted by Li Dazhao quickly spread all over the country, so Li Dazhao became a famous patriot in the country.
1 965438+On May, 20091day, Li Dazhao helped the Morning Post to publish a special issue commemorating Labor Day, which was the first time that China newspapers commemorated the world proletariat. Li Dazhao published "May Day Miscellaneous Feeling", pointing out that this day is the day when the working class "direct action" succeeds and it is also the birthday of the workers.
On the eve of the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao's article publicly put forward "direct action" for the first time, which sent a battle signal for the upcoming May 4th revolutionary storm. Li Dazhao and the revolutionary intellectuals United around him made ideological mobilization and organizational preparations for the May Fourth Movement, so Li Dazhao was the direct commander and participant of the May Fourth Movement.
During the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao always stood with the students and fought with them. His office has become a frequent meeting place for revolutionary youth. He often communicates the progress of sports with the students here, studies deeply and directly guides the youth. /kloc-In May, 2008, Li Dazhao published an article "Secret Diplomacy and Robber World" in Weekly Review, which profoundly exposed the aggressive nature of imperialism and clearly pointed out that the goal of the movement was to "transform the robber world, deny secret diplomacy and implement national self-determination."
The May 4th Movement developed rapidly and eventually developed into a nationwide mass anti-imperialist patriotic movement with the participation of the working class, the national bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie, which was totally unexpected by the authorities. June 28th is the day when the peace treaty was signed. Patriots from all over the country demonstrated in front of the presidential palace as early as the 27th. Many students and workers studying in France also surrounded the residences of Beiyang government representatives attending the Paris Peace Conference, urging them to refuse to sign the peace treaty.
During the critical period, Li Dazhao published many short comments supporting students' actions in the 28th issue of Weekly Review. Under great domestic pressure, Beiyang government dismissed Cao Rulin, He Lu and other pro-Japanese traitors, and finally failed to sign the Paris Peace Treaty. The direct purpose of the May 4th Movement was achieved, but Li Dazhao clearly realized that this was only the beginning of the revolution, and China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal tasks were far from being completed.
After the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao did not stop propagating and studying Marxism. 19 19 10 months, 1 1? In February, he published a long article "My View on Marxism" in New Youth in two issues, which systematically introduced the basic principles of Marxist historical materialism, political economy and scientific socialism, and showed that Li Dazhao had been completely transformed into a Marxist.
Li Dazhao spoke highly of the May 4th Movement. He said that the May 4th Movement rejected aggression. "People who oppress justice by force, whether Japanese or non-Japanese, we should all refuse them! Therefore, it is inappropriate to think that this movement is only a patriotic movement, and it is also part of the human liberation movement. "
2、? Chen Duxiu
Science and democracy are two major driving forces for the progress of human society.
Chen Duxiu (1879 19421October 9-1May 27, 942), formerly known as Qingtong, officially known as Gan Sheng, named Zhongfu, named Shi 'an, from Huaining, Anhui (now Anqing). Great patriots, great revolutionaries and reformers, great democrats and great enlightenment thinkers in China's modern history.
Chen Duxiu is one of the main leaders of the New Culture Movement and the May 4th Movement, and the main founder of the China * * * Production Party. Chen Duxiu was influenced by modern western ideology and culture when he was studying in his early years, so he founded Weekly Review with Li Dazhao in 19 18, advocating new culture and propagating Marxism, commonly known as "Nan Li", which also provided the ideological basis for the May 4th Movement.
On June 19 1 1, 2009, Chen Duxiu and others went to the downtown area outside Qianmen, Beijing to distribute the Declaration of Beijing Citizens, stating that if the government does not accept the demands of the citizens, "we students, businessmen, laborers, soldiers, etc. will have to take direct actions and carry out fundamental reforms". Chen Duxiu was arrested for this. Student groups and celebrities from all over the country have sent electricity to protest against the government's atrocities.
3、? Hu Shi
The May 4th Movement is an active performance of young people and a good phenomenon.
Hu? Stone (18911217-1962 February 24th), formerly known as Siru, scientific name Hongbiao, Zijiang, later renamed Stone, Zishi. ? Famous thinker, writer and philosopher. Jixi people in Huizhou are famous for advocating "vernacular Chinese" and leading the new culture movement.
19 17, 1 June, Hu Shi published "My humble opinion on literary improvement" in New Youth, and then Chen Duxiu held high the banner of "literary revolution", thus they became the leaders of literary revolution. Hu Shi was a pioneer and made great contributions in the literary revolution that advocated vernacular Chinese and opposed classical Chinese, and was known as "the father of China's cultural revolution". 19 19, Hu Shi took over the Weekly Review and published "Study more problems and talk less about ism", advocating reformism and provoking the dispute between problems and ism.
1920 the first anniversary of the may 4th movement, Hu Shi and Jiang Menglin jointly published an article-our hope for students. This article was drafted by Hu Shi. Hu Shi said that before the May 4th Movement, they just wanted to carry forward the scientific spirit ideologically and introduce fresh theories into education through Dewey's visit. "Unexpectedly, things changed beyond our expectation", and the May 4th Movement broke out, which shocked China and foreign countries.
For this movement, Hu Shi believes that there are at least five achievements: first, it strengthens students' initiative and sense of responsibility; The second is to inspire students to pay attention to the fate of the country; Third, it enriches students' group life experience; Fourthly, cultivate students' writing and speaking ability; Fifth, the students' desire for knowledge is enhanced, which is the effect that "the old classroom life cannot be produced".
4. Bing Xin
It has been 60 years since the May 4th Movement. Today, I sit down and look back on these 60 years. It really flies like a bolt of lightning. But the thunder after this lightning shocked me on the road of writing! "
Ice? Xin (1900101October 5-1February 28, 999), female, originally from Changle, Fujian? Member of China Association for Promoting Democracy. China poet, modern writer, translator, children's literature writer, social activist and essayist. 19 19, 19 Bing Xin is a science student at Peking Union Medical College Women's University. Peking Union Medical College Women's University is a missionary school and has never been keen on political movements. At this point, Xie Wanying doesn't care about current affairs and politics. But the May 4th Movement changed her fate.
On May 4th, a relative came to tell her that in order to prevent representatives of Beiyang government from signing the Paris Peace Treaty, students took to the streets and set fire to Zhao Jialou, and many students were arrested. Xie Wanying was very angry after hearing this. This massive May 4th Movement inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of female students. Xie Wanying and her classmates waved flags in groups of three and five to publicize the truth of anti-imperialism and patriotism to the people in the street. In addition, they also make their own daily necessities or embroidered handkerchiefs, go out for charity sale and call on people to boycott Japanese goods.
This epoch-making May 4th Movement made her gradually see the various social problems in China. Xie Wanying began to write in the vernacular, and published novels such as Two Families, You Are Helpless and Poor, Autumn Rain, Sad Man, and Zhuang Hong's Sister under the pseudonym Bing Xin in the Morning Post and other newspapers. Later, he wrote poems such as "Stars" and "Springs", using literature as a weapon to expose the traditional family's imprisonment of human nature and reflect the social problems in the transitional period between the old and the new.
This movement completely changed Bing Xin. Like Lu Xun, he embarked on the road of abandoning medicine and becoming one of the representative writers of the May 4th New Literature.