Quatrains and metrical poems are basically poetic styles gradually produced and stereotyped in the Tang Dynasty. At present, there is no research and demonstration on rhyme or quatrains.
Quatrains, also known as broken sentences and broken sentences, can be regarded as two couplets of intercepting metrical poems, including the first two couplets of intercepting metrical poems, the last two couplets of intercepting metrical poems, or the middle two couplets of intercepting metrical poems and the first two couplets of intercepting metrical poems. In order to rhyme, most of them are intercepted.
There are three basic elements in quatrains: level tone, antithesis and rhyme; At the same time, it also includes metrical elements and sentence structures such as "starting, inheriting, turning and combining", which are the basic laws that poets in ancient and modern times abide by. Each quatrain has only four sentences, which are also divided into five words and seven words. Five-character quatrains are referred to as "five quatrains" and seven-character quatrains are referred to as "seven quatrains".
Second, the plane format
There are four forms of metrical quatrains, which are divided into five words, seven words, flat and oblique. Examples are as follows:
1, the first sentence doesn't rhyme, it's the scene of Ge Zheng Bibo, Yong Shu Bibo and Xiaoxi.
Flat and flat, deep fertile fields, lush foliage, flat and flat, the wind blowing from the shore,
Very flat, very flat. Thousands of green leaves are like jade carvings. Very flat, very flat. The branches are jumping.
It is flat and flat, and it is the same root. It is flat and flat, and it is in the river.
Very flat, very flat. Why is the wind rustling? Very flat, very flat. The weather is fine and the waves are swaying on the boat.
2. The rhyme of the first sentence is bigger Bao Dezhen, thinking about Bao Dezhen at night and whispering with the New Year.
Flat and faint, the heavenly heart is random, flat and faint, and the rainbow is far away.
Very flat, very flat. This often bothers Iraqis. Very flat, very flat. Water blue is a poetic spring.
Flat and flat, not necessarily the first time the wind and waves met me. It is flat and flat, and the moon brings stars.
Flat and light. Songhua River washes rouge. Flat and light. Laughter reached the pillow.
3. From the first sentence, the rhyme is Ge Zheng Bibo storm Li Pin crossing the Shuangjiang River.
Flat and flat, a gust of wind is like a beast, flat and flat, and the sound is broken outside the ridge.
Flat and light, flat and light, flying sand and stones, roaming the sky, flat and light, winter goes and spring comes.
Flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, now, close to my village, meet people,
Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat.
4. From the first sentence, the rhymes are Bao Dezhen, Li Yong, Bai Bibo and Yongri.
It's flat, flat, flat. You can know it's hard to get around. It's flat. The universe is dome now.
Flat and light, flat and light. A thousand pieces of wine are wide and flat. The golden wheel hangs in space.
Flat, flat, the sun and the moon are singing in their chests, flat, the world is shining,
It's even. It's even. It's not just cold dancing in Wu Ge. It's even. Everything is in full bloom.
— 1 —
Third, the flat tone
Flat tone is an emphasis on tone. Flat tone refers to flat tone and rising tone, flat tone refers to rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. (Write poems with new pronunciation in Mandarin, and you can ignore entering tone. )
Poetry is a kind of singing literature, that is, singing and chanting are for conveying feelings. Poetry should be suitable for reciting and reciting. In every sentence, the tone is ups and downs, the rhythm is ups and downs, and it has musical beauty. In addition, the artistic conception of poetry can enhance the expressive force and appeal of poetry. The "flat format" of five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains produces cadence. But the first word and the third word of the five words can be straight and clear, and the second word and the fourth word cannot be changed. The so-called "seven words, 135 words, 246 words are distinct; No matter five words and one or three words, two or four words are distinct.
It must be reminded that although seven words, 135 words and five words, and 13 words, regardless of tone, can not produce loneliness, that is, every sentence must have two flat words in the middle except the first and seventh words, otherwise it will be lonely. Loneliness is not allowed, because poetry lacks rhythm, that is, it lacks musical beauty.
Loneliness and dullness can be saved. If the third word is flat, the fifth word can be flat, so it can be saved. For example, the rhythm of Why Not Afraid of the Storm Roaring should be flat, but the actual rhythm is:
The problem of three-level tone and three-level foot is that the last three words of each sentence can not be "flat" or "flat", which is the poet's taboo. In trying to save the apartment, we should pay special attention to it, not ignore it.
Four, quatrains antithesis
Generally speaking, quatrains can be played against each other, or they can be played against each other. Whether they are completely free or not is not importuned. If we regard them as two couplets in the middle of intercepting metrical poems, the whole poem can be antithetical, for example:
Zeng Jinmei gave it to a friend.
(After reading Bo's poem)
The clear water is sparkling, elegant and moving, and the water waves are sparkling, playing a clear sound.
Poetry is as beautiful as wine, sweet and intoxicating.
If it is regarded as intercepting the beginning and end antitheses of metrical poems, the whole poem can be without antithesis, for example:
Bibo Taohua
The spring breeze awakens the old forest, and the buds are covered with branches and bright red.
Charm is like the beauty of a fairy, attracting a bee and a butterfly to kiss her charming face.
If it is regarded as intercepting the first two couplets of metrical poems, the first couplet is not correct and then antithetical sentences, for example:
Sima guang can be in the middle and early summer
April is sunny and rainy, and Nanshan becomes a clear household.
There are no catkins because of the wind, only sunflowers are inclined to the sun.
On the other hand, if it is regarded as the last two couplets of intercepted metrical poems, the first couplet is a antithesis, and the second couplet is not a antithesis, for example:
Zhao Shixiu has an appointment.
It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond.
I didn't go past midnight on my date, so I knocked on the chess pieces and dropped them in the snuff.
— 2 —
Five, about rhyme
The so-called rhyme is to put rhyming words, that is, the same vowel, in a fixed position in the poem to form a harmonious musical beauty. It is used at the end of even sentences in quatrains, that is, on words at the end of sentences. Therefore, rhyming words are also called rhyme feet. For example, in the poems listed in "Pingping format", it is heroic rhyme, and the vowel is ao; , is the rhyme of the token, and the vowel is ou; It is the rhyme of bet, and the vowel is I; It's a pledge rhyme, and the vowels are un and en; , is the cold rhyme of bet, and the vowels are an, ian and uan；; It's the rhyme of bet, and the vowel is ong, etc.
Rhyme is the basic element of poetry. From ancient times, to eight-legged Tang poetry, and then to today's poetry, it must rhyme. Without harmonious rhyme, it is not catchy to recite. The old rhyme book Ping Yun Shui can be used, but the rhyme part has 107, because the rhyme part is too narrow to use. You can also rhyme with new rhymes, that is, Mandarin pronunciation, with only 18 rhyme.
Orthographic quatrains only need to rhyme the last word of two or four sentences, so that the first sentence rhymes and the first sentence rhymes; Bigger quatrains must rhyme at the end of the first, second and fourth sentences to form a harmonious and beautiful musicality.
Nowadays, when people write poems, it is best to use the rhyme of Putonghua as the rhyme mark. It is recommended to use rhyme books from Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, which can be purchased from Xinhua Bookstore. Or mail order from Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, address: No.272 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, zip code: 200020.
Sixth, from beginning to end
There are only four unique poems, which pay attention to the composition of "starting, inheriting, turning and combining", which is the basic law that poets in ancient and modern times abide by together. The first sentence is "start", that is, start; The second sentence is "career", that is, commitment; The third sentence is "turn", that is, turning point; The last sentence is "off", which means close.
It is not prescribed by anyone, but is constantly summarized and followed by the poet in the process of creating poetry, which is naturally formed, indicating that poetry does not need to cover the poet in form; It was not until the Yuan Dynasty that someone summed up the structure of rhyme poems. Specific techniques are: straight up, remember, change, and combine forever. Master the requirements of these four sentences, and rhyme can be written well. There are four forms of "starting, bearing, turning and combining", which are summarized as follows:
(a) coordination. For example, Du Fu's quatrain "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets soar into the sky. The window contains Xiling Snow, at the entrance of Wu Dong Wan Li Boat Park. " There are four sentences in this poem, each of which expresses meaning separately, and each sentence writes a scene, such as four paintings hanging side by side, connected as a whole, separated but not scattered, combined but not mixed, far and near but not mixed.
(2) continuation. For example, Liu Yuxi and Zhi Zhu's poem "Peach blossoms bloom, and Shu water hits a mountain stream. Bonuses are easy to decline as A Lang wishes, and water is infinite. " The first two sentences of this poem write a scene, saying that the mountain flowers above and the river below; The third sentence is the first sentence, which comes from "Peach and Red Flower"; The fourth sentence inherits the second sentence and comes from Spring Water in Shu. The four poems are juxtaposed in pairs, corresponding to each other, rigorous in structure, fresh in style and quite characteristic of folk songs.
(3) turn around. For example, Li Bai dispatched Baidi City in the early days. The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. " The first two sentences of this poem are written to bid farewell to Baidi City, and the third sentence suddenly turns into an ape circle and then closes. The third sentence is a wonderful turning point, which makes the spirit of copper head fly over.
(4) Causality. For example, Wang Changling always wrote a poem in my heart, "Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, but in spring they put on makeup and went to a brothel. Suddenly, they saw the strange willow color and regretted teaching their husband to find a seal. " The first sentence and the second sentence, the third sentence and the fourth sentence are mutually causal; The first two sentences and three or four sentences are also causal: that is, young women "go to brothels" because they "don't know how to worry"; Regret for "seeing the willow color" (teaching the husband to find a seal) and "seeing the willow color" because of "going to the brothel" are causal and rigorous in structure.