[Teaching Objectives]
1. Recite poems repeatedly, perceive the images in the poems, and deeply understand the poet’s thoughts and feelings.
2. Learn to appreciate famous sentences, inspire inspiration, cultivate sentiment, and enrich cultural accumulation.
3. Compare it with Fan Zhongyan’s "Yueyang Tower" in terms of ideology and art, and appreciate the artistic charm of excellent poems.
[Teaching Focus]
Understand famous lines and connotations in poems, accurately grasp the emotions in poems, and recite poems truly and emotionally.
[Teaching Difficulties] Taste the language and feel the charm of Du Fu’s poetic language.
[Class schedule]
2 class hours.
[Teaching aids]
Multimedia teaching equipment, TV series "The Rhythm of the Tang Dynasty? The Poet of Qianqiu Part 2" VCD.
[Preview requirements]
1. Phonetic notate the new words and copy them twice.
2. Read and recite this poem.
3. Collect relevant information about Du Fu.
[Teaching Process]
First Lesson
1. Import examples.
This five-character poem was written one year before the author's death, that is, in the third year of Dali of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty (768). At that time, Du Fu wandered along the river from Jiangling and Gong'an to Yuezhou (now part of Hunan), where he climbed to the Yueyang Tower, which he had long admired. Looking from a distance from Pingxuan, facing the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake, what did he think and feel? In this lesson, we will appreciate "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" together and feel the poet's vast mind and broad pain.
2. Introduction to the author and background.
(1) Relevant information collected through student exchanges.
(2) The teacher organizes and summarizes, plays the PPT, and the students briefly supplement the preview homework.
Projected text and pictures:
Du Fu (712-770 AD), courtesy name Zimei, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home is Xiangyang (now part of Hubei), and he was born in Gong County, Henan. Du Fu was born in a family with a literary tradition. His grandfather Du Shenyan was also a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty (Wu Zetian period), so he started studying poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. There are more than 1,400 of Du Fu's poems in existence. They profoundly reflect the social situation of more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, and vividly record Du Fu's life experience. At the same time, these poems closely combine social reality with the author's personal life, achieving the goal of The perfect unity of ideological content and art also represents the highest achievement of Tang Dynasty poetry. Therefore, Du Fu's poems are called "History of Poetry" by future generations. Du Fu is a great realist poet, and his experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods.
Reading and wandering period (before the age of thirty-five)
During this period, Du Fu traveled to Wu, Yue (today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang) and Qi and Zhao (today's northern Shandong and Hebei). South), during which time he went to Luoyang to take the exam, but failed. Later, he met Li Bai in Luoyang, and the two formed a profound friendship. Then they met Gao Shi, and the three of them traveled together in Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Li Du went to Qizhou again, and after breaking up, he met Donglu again. They separated again, and there was no chance to meet again.
The period of being trapped in Chang'an (thirty-five to forty-four years old)
During this period, Du Fu first took the examination in Chang'an and failed. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and gave gifts to the nobles, and lived a life of being a rich man in the morning, following the fat horse dust in the evening, and being miserable everywhere. Finally, he was led by the right guard to join the army. The petty official. During this period, he wrote poems such as "The Journey of Military Chariots" and "The Journey of Beauties" that criticized current affairs and satirized the powerful. "Five Hundred Words on Empathy from Beijing to Fengxian County" is particularly famous, marking that his understanding of court politics and social reality has reached a new height after experiencing ten years of hard life in Chang'an.
The period of being a thief and an official (forty-five to forty-eight years old).
The Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell. Du Fu settled his family in Yanzhou and went to Suzong alone. On the way, he was captured by the Anshi rebels and taken to Chang'an. Facing the chaotic Chang'an and hearing the news of repeated defeats of the army, he wrote poems such as "Moonlight Night", "Spring View", "Aijiangtou", "Sadness of Chen Tao" and other poems. Later he absconded to Fengxiangxingzai and worked as Zuo Shiyi. Because of his loyal words and outspoken advice, Shangshu was demoted to Huazhou Si Gong and joined the army as the steward of the prime minister's room. Later, he used the form of poetry to truly record what he saw and heard, which became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Sanbie".
The period of wandering in the southwest (forty-eight to fifty-eight years old).
With the defeat of the army in Xiangzhou in the ninth quarter and the famine in Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official position and fled with his family and people. He passed through Qinzhou, Tonggu and other places, and arrived in Chengdu. After a period of relatively stable life. When Yan Wu entered the dynasty, the warlords in Sichuan rebelled, and he drifted to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then return to Chengdu. After Yan Wu died, he wandered again, living in Kuizhou for two years, and then drifted to Hubei and Hunan, where he died of illness on the Xiangjiang River.
During this period, his works include "The Water Threshold Reminds the Heart", "Spring Night Joyful Rain", "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Sick Orange", "Climbing the Tower", "The Prime Minister of Shu", "Wearing that the Government's Army Takes Henan and Hebei", There are a large number of famous works such as "Wu Lang Again", "Deng Gao", "Qiu Xing", "Three Quatrains", "Sui Yan Xing" and so on.
Overall, Du Fu’s thoughts throughout his life were “Worrying about Li Yuan in his poor years” and “To King Yao and Shun”. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people. This shows Du Fu’s greatness. . His poems have rich social content, strong color of the times and distinct political tendencies. They truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and the broad picture of social life in a historical era before and after the Anshi Rebellion. Therefore, they are called the "History of Poetry" of a generation. The style of Du's poetry is basically "depressed and melancholy", the language and chapter structure are full of changes, and it pays attention to the precise words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have all kinds of styles. In addition to Wugu, Qigu, Wulu and Qilu, he also wrote a lot of arranged rhymes and different styles. There are also various artistic techniques, and it is the master of Tang poetry thought and art. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of the Han and Wei Dynasty Yuefu who was inspired by sorrow and music and inspired by events. He got rid of the constraints of the ancient Yuefu inscriptions and created many famous poems about immediate events that no longer rely on new Yuefu inscriptions, such as the famous "San Li", "San Bie", etc. had a positive influence on Yuan Bai's "New Yuefu Movement". For details of his life, please see "Du Gongbu Collection" in Volume 190 of "Old Tang Book".
3. Reading and overall perception.
(1) Explanation of words
Writing on the blackboard: 坼ch? 千kun qi?n kūn Rongma r?ng mǎ Xuan xuān 淗t? s?
Explanation:
廼: division
Qiankun: refers to heaven and earth
Military: refers to war
Xuan: window
< p> Nisi: tears, nasal mucus(2) Ask students to listen and read. They are required to close their eyes and listen quietly, and concentrate on feeling. The reading materials can be played, or the teacher can set the reading to music.
(3) Students read together and are required to read the pronunciation of the characters correctly and try to read out the feelings.
(4) Name students to read aloud, and teachers and students will comment (instruct students to evaluate from the aspects of rhythm, pronunciation, stress, emotion, etc.).
(5) Rhythm and stress treatment of reading aloud:
In the past I heard/Dongting Water, now up/Yueyang Tower.
Wu Chu/Southeast Gate, Qiankun/ Floating day and night.
Relatives and friends / have no words, old and sick / have a lonely boat.
Military horses / Guanshan North, Pingxuan / Tisi Liu.
(Six ) Students read aloud freely and are required to read out feelings and perceive images.
4. Study and appreciate.