1. No vulgar rhyme, naturally love autumn mountain.
2. Reclaim land in the south and return to the garden.
If you stay in the cage for a long time, you can return to nature.
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Back to the garden, the first part
4. Dynasty: Wei and Jin Dynasties
5. Author: Tao Yuanming
6. Original text:
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
translate
When I was young, I didn't follow the custom. It is my nature to love nature.
I fell into the trap of official career and left the countryside for more than ten years in a blink of an eye.
Birds in cages often miss the mountains of the past, while fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I would like to reclaim wasteland in the southern wilderness, keep my simplicity and return to farming.
There are more than ten acres of land around the house in Fiona Fang, and there are 89 huts and huts.
The shade of elm willow covered the back eaves of the house, and peaches and Li Lie filled the front yard in spring.
The neighboring village in the distance is faintly visible, and the smoke from the kitchen is floating in the village.
There were several dog barks in the deep lane, and a rooster kept crowing on the top of the mulberry tree.
There is no such noise in the yard, and the quiet room is full of comfort and leisure.
Trapped in a cage for a long time without freedom, I finally returned to Forest Mountain today.
To annotate ...
1. Shao: refers to youth. Custom: adapt to the world. Rhyme: Natural temperament. Make a wish.
2. Dust net: refers to the world, and the official life is dirty and introverted, just like a net. This refers to official career.
3. Thirty years: Some people think it is a mistake of thirteen years (Tao Yuanming was an official for thirteen years). On the one hand, this means three years and ten years (the idiom is ten years and three years), which makes people feel that the tone of "walking for thirteen years" is too dull, so thirteen years is changed to inversion.
4. ostrich: a bird in a cage. Love: a "as soon as possible".
5. pond fish: fish in the pond. Birds miss the old forest and fish miss their hometown, which means they miss their hometown.
6. Wild: One is Mu. International: between.
7. Zhu: It means don't go with the flow and stick to moral integrity.
8. Square house: The house is round. When you say "square", you are connected with "edge".
9.shade (yìn): shade。
10. Luo: list.
1 1. Warm (ài): dim and fuzzy.
12. Yiyi: The rise is gentle and slow. Market: village.
13. family: family. Trivia in the world.
14. Virtual room: empty room. Leisure: leisure.
15. Fan (fán) cage: a bird storage tool, which is a metaphor for the life of officials. Fans, fences, fences.
16. Returning to nature: refers to returning to farming and gardening.
Distinguish and appreciate
17. Tao Yuanming couldn't stand the dirty and secular shackles of officialdom and resolutely resigned and retired to concentrate on farming. The ease of leaving the official career, the joy of returning to nature, the quiet countryside, simple communication and farming experience make this poem an outstanding pastoral poem.
18. This poem vividly describes the poet's life and feelings after retirement, and expresses the author's happy mood and pastoral pleasure after his resignation, thus showing his love for rural life and the joy of workers; At the same time, it implies a sense of disgust at the dark and corrupt life of officialdom, which shows that the author is unwilling to go with the flow and is willing to endure the hardships of field life in order to maintain his complete personality and noble sentiment. This poem is one of a series of poems by Tao Yuanming, who pursues freedom, is content with poverty, lives in seclusion in Shan Ye, is honest and clean, is far away from officialdom, and is detached from the common customs. Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" is actually the writer's own ideal former residence.
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19. Tao Yuanming began to be an official at the age of 29, and he was an official 13 years. He has always hated officialdom and yearned for the countryside. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was forty-one, and became an official for the last time. After more than eighty days, Pengze County ordered him to resign and go home. I never came out to be an official again. According to Tao Qian Biography of Song Dynasty and Tao Yuanming Biography of Xiao Tong, Tao Yuanming retired out of dissatisfaction with decadent reality. At that time, the county tour visited Pengze, and officials asked him to greet him with a belt to show his respect. He said angrily, "I don't want to bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice!" " "
20. Tao Yuanming loves freedom by nature, and the official atmosphere at that time was extremely corrupt, flattering, arrogant, rampant and shameful. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realize his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Tao Yuanming finally realized this completely. The fundamental opposition between Tao Yuanming's character and political society doomed his ultimate choice-seclusion. From then on, he ended his life of seclusion and being an official and lived in seclusion in the countryside. After coming back, I wrote a group of poems entitled "Returning to the Garden".
2. What is the poem about loving labor in the summer resort? Plums are golden and apricot fat, wheat is gray and cauliflower is sparse. No one has ever crossed the fence, but dragonflies and butterflies can fly
Huang Chen was sweating like a pig and spent less time in Nong's house. Sitting by the rock in front of the door, the Liu Yin Pavilion is cool in the afternoon.
The first leaf of Sophora japonica is cool, and the ears of green mice are green in pairs.
My little wife went to the silk machine all night. She is eager to fly. Fortunately, this year, the silkworm was ripe, and she left a summer dress made of yellow silk.
The autumn harvest is a hundred yuan for two wheat crops, which is called the small harvest year by the Tian family. There is no hunger in the bread stove, and it is cooked in the west wind.
⑴ Plum: The fruit of plum tree is ripe in summer and can be eaten. Fat: refers to fleshy. Wheat flower: buckwheat flower. Cauliflower: rape. Hedge Waterfall: The shadow of the fence at noon. Only: jiá butterfly: cabbage butterfly. (1) Fighting: Tadpoles. (1) Autumn: harvest. One work is Harvest. Attend. Next to: near. [6] Slurry: an ancient sour drink, which is a metaphor for turbid sweat. Stay less: stop for a while. Nong: Me: Rinse my mouth with sweet well water. Borrow: Here. Pavilion noon. (7) Lotus. ⑻ ⑶.
Edit the selected works in this paragraph.
There are twelve poems in this group. Here are the first, seventh and ninth poems for appreciation. A, "plum golden apricot fat, wheat gray, cauliflower thin. No one has ever landed on the fence, only dragonflies and butterflies are flying. " The central idea of this poem is that plums turn yellow and apricots become fat. The golden cauliflower in the field in spring has now fallen. At first glance, it is snow-white wheat flowers. At noon, the sun is high above, and the shadow of the fence is getting shorter and shorter as the sun rises. No one passed by. It's quiet around, only dragonflies and butterflies fly by. This poem describes the rural scenery of Jiangnan in early summer. In the poem, plum yellow, apricot fat, wheat white and cauliflower are used to describe the characteristics of the rural scenery in the south in summer, with many flowers and fruits and tangible colors. The first two sentences are written about plum blossom and apricot. The situation of farmers' labor is written from the side: farmers are busy in early summer, so they rarely see pedestrians during the day. The last sentence uses "only dragonflies and butterflies are flying" to set off the silence in the village, which makes it even quieter. The last two sentences say that the days are long and the people are sparse, and butterflies fly to set off the silence. Seventh, "the children in the village are very busy during the day." Rubbing hemp at home at night, men and women in the village have their own housework. Although the children can't plow and weave, they have learned to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees. This poem enthusiastically praised the intense and busy working life of farmers with simple language and subtle description. The first two sentences are about rural men plowing and women weaving, working day and night, showing the poet's sympathy and respect for the working people. The last two sentences vividly describe the situation of rural children participating in the labor within their power. Reveal the praise for rural children who love labor. The image of children described in the poem is innocent and lovely. The whole poem has an overview and close-ups, reflecting the scenes of rural men, women and children participating in labor from different aspects, and has a strong flavor of life. [2] Ninth: "Huang Chen was sweating and stayed at home to wash wells; Sitting on the rock in front of the door, the Liu Yin Pavilion in the afternoon is very cool. " The following is a picture of a farmer's child volunteering to entertain passers-by at his doorstep, using his own tone. The poem describes it like this: the sun is shining and the dust is flying. On the road near the village, a pedestrian came with difficulty, his clothes were soaked with muddy sweat and his cheeks were polluted. It's too hot. "Come and have a rest." Xiaodongdao greeted him warmly and jumped down from the boulder under the willow tree, inviting guests to sit on it and have a rest. Then he ran to the well, pulled out the sweet and cold well water, held it in front of the guests, and asked them to gargle and drink the cold water to quench their thirst and put out the fire! At noon in midsummer, the sky was in flames, but under the dense Liu Yin, it was cool by the breeze! "Liu Yin Pavilion is cool in the afternoon", which is the boasting of Master Xiao Xiaoyan and the feeling of passers-by. As you can imagine, when a guest drinks enough water and is cool enough, he must be full of energy and stride forward, and he will often turn around and say hello: "Thank you! Little brother! " [3]
3. What 1 poems describe farmers' hard work? Bai Juyi's "Cutting Wheat" in Tang Dynasty.
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May. In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
Farmers have no leisure all year round, but they are doubly busy in May. A warm south wind blew at night, and the wheat in the field was covered with ridges and ripe yellow.
2. Two Poems for Farmers by Li Shen in Tang Dynasty.
At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil. Who would have thought that our bowl of rice and grain are full of the blood and sweat of farmers?
At noon in midsummer, under the scorching sun, farmers were still working and sweat dripped into the soil. Who would have thought that the rice in our bowl was full of the blood and sweat of farmers?
3, "farmer" Yan in the Tang Dynasty.
In the middle of the night, the tiger took advantage of the small tillage, and the cow gradually could not walk. When people don't know the hardships of farmers, they will say that Tanaka was born.
Call the children in the middle of the night and go to the fields to dig up the soil before dawn. The thin old cow dragged the plow in the field, and it dragged more and more slowly, so that it was almost too tired to drag the plow. Most people don't know the hardships of farmers, but they say that the rice and grains in the fields grow naturally.
4, "Guantianjia" Tang Wei Wu Ying.
When I return to the scene, I often drink the water from Xixi. Hunger is not self-suffering, but joy.
When I come back from Tanaka, I often take my calf to the mountain stream in the west to drink water after the sun goes down. Hungry and hardworking farmers never complain, and a spring rain that is as expensive as oil makes them full of joy.
5, "Tian Shang" Tang Cui Daorong.
The rain was high and white, and ploughing was done in the middle of the night. People and cattle are exhausted, and the East is extremely unclear.
It has rained enough in the spring rain, and even Gaotian is covered with white water. In order to compete for seeds, farmers braved the heavy rain and wore hemp fibers to farm in the middle of the night. When people and cows are exhausted, it's still far from dawn.
4. Miscellaneous Stories of Four Seasons, in which the poem describing farmers' tense and busy working life is Miscellaneous Stories of Four Seasons, and the poem describing farmers' tense and busy working life is "Children and grandchildren have not solved the difficulty of farming and weaving, but also learned to plant melons in mulberry shade", and its author is Fan Chengda, who is called "Shihu layman".
Four Seasons' Pastoral Fun is a group of large-scale pastoral poems written by Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, after he retired to his hometown.
Fan Chengda traveled all over the country in his early years. Retired at the age of 57 and lived in Shihu, Suzhou. During this period, he wrote 60 "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellanies", which were originally divided into five groups: spring day, late spring day, summer day, autumn day and winter day, each group 12. Each group can be called a group poem. Therefore, he was awarded the title of "pastoral poet".
The Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellany combines the poetic traditions of Tao Yuanming to Wei, Chu Guangxi, Meng Haoran and Wei, and the poetic traditions of the Book of Songs to July to Tang Dynasty, changing the archaic style into seven words and showing outstanding creativity in content and form.
The whole poem (excerpt) is as follows:
During the day, weeding in the fields and rubbing hemp thread at home at night, the men and women in the village took on all the housework.
Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees.
The translation is as follows:
Going out to mow the grass during the day and rubbing fine linen at night, farmers' children have to look after the house.
Children don't know how to plow and weave, but also learn to grow melons under the shade of mulberry trees.
Extended data:
Fan Chengda, Shaoxing Jinshi, has served as magistrate, Jingjiang magistrate, ambassador of Guangxi West Road, ambassador of Sichuan Province and political adviser.
Kim was once strong and unyielding and was killed several times. In his later years, he retired to his hometown of Shihu and died silently. His poems have a wide range of themes, and are as famous as Lu You, Yang Wanli and You Mao, and are called "Four Masters of Zhongxing" or "Four Masters of Southern Song Dynasty". It is also famous for its writing and prose.
His works are quite rich, including Shihu Jushi, Shihu Ci, Gui, Wu and Wu Junzhi, with a total of more than 1900.
Baidu Encyclopedia-"Four Seasons Pastoral Fun"
5. Labor Poetry Shen Li, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, can be said to have written the hard work of laborers to the extreme. His poem "Compassion for Farmers" is well known to all women and children: "When weeding at noon, sweat drips down the soil. Who knows that the Chinese food on the plate is hard. " The whole poem vividly depicts the scene in which the farmers are still working in the fields in the scorching sun, and sweat drips on the scorching land. Feng Menglong of the Ming Dynasty wrote a poem: "Wealth has no roots, but hard work gains it." Tell people that all wealth and glory are created through hard work. Besides, both Liu Yuxi's Wang Yin after Beauty Jewelry are full of stormy waves. Or Zheng Ao's "a grain of Redmi, a few drops of blood." Everyone is telling us to know how to respect the working people and cherish the hard-won fruits of labor. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, set an example in this respect. He educated the prince like this: "When I eat, I will miss the difficulty of farming;" When I put on my clothes, I will think of the hardships of textile. " This means that whenever I dress and eat, I will feel the hardships of farmers and weaver girls.
Life is beautiful because of labor, and beauty is wonderful because of hard work. In the Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda described the scene of farmers beating rice all night in Four Seasons: "Laughter is like thunder, and flail sounds bright all night." Write the joy of farmers' harvest and the joy of labor. In another poem of his own with the same name, there is a cloud: "During the day, there is a good show at night, and the children in the village take care of each other." Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn from mulberry trees to grow melons. "He also described several interesting farm production scenes, such as men plowing fields, women weaving hemp, and children learning to grow melons. Li Bai wrote countless poems in his life and handed down nearly a thousand poems. He has a poem "Qiupu Song: Fire shines on heaven and earth": "Fire shines on heaven and earth, and red stars are everywhere. On a moonlit night, the song moves the cold Sichuan. "This is a poem that describes and praises smelting workers positively, which is rare in China's voluminous classical poems, so it is precious. Through just 20 words, we can easily feel the hardships of smelting workers and the praise between the lines of the author.
May is a busy season for wheat harvest. Ripe wheat stings like a golden ocean. The breeze blew and rustled. Bai Juyi wrote in his famous poem "Looking at Wheat Cutting": "Tian Jia has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May. In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow. Mother-in-law is rich in food, and children are full of pot pulp. Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang. Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun. I don't know how hot it is, but the summer is long. " It describes the scene of women taking their children to the fields to deliver food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Hard-working young and middle-aged farmers cut wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, their feet were fumigated by the heat, and their backs were baked by the scorching sun. They are exhausted and don't feel hot. They just cherish the long summer and can do more farm work. Agree 2| Comment
6. The ancient poem "Compassion for Peasants" about labor Don Li Shen
At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil.
Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard?
"Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous" Fan Song Chengda
During the day, weeding in the fields and rubbing hemp thread at home at night, the men and women in the village took on all the housework.
Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees.
Don Li Shen, "Kindness to Farmers"
In spring, as long as you sow a seed, you can harvest a lot of food in autumn.
There is no waste of heaven and earth, and the toiling peasants are still starving to death.
"Looking at the sunny farmhouse" Tang Yong Yuzhi
Smell the west wind and rain in Qin, to ask the west wind to return sooner or later.
White-haired old farmers stand out from the crowd, and clouds open in the high places of wheat fields.
Poor girl Don Qin Taoyu.
Her finger embroidery is unparalleled, but she can't compete with painting eyebrows.
Year after year, she sewed gold thread and made wedding dresses for others.
April in the Country Song Weng Juan
The mountains and plains are all green, and the sound of Zigui is raining like smoke.
In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, and sericulture was planted in the fields.
7. Ancient pastoral poetry (below)
Fan Chengda in Southern Song Dynasty
Plums are golden, apricots are fat,
The wheat is gray and the cauliflower is thin.
No one crossed the long fence,
Only dragonflies and butterflies can fly.
[Notes]
1 fertilizer: refers to meat quality.
Plum: The fruit of plum tree is ripe in summer and can be eaten.
3 wheat flower: buckwheat flower. Buckwheat is a kind of food crop, which can be sown in spring and autumn, and its growth period is very short. Flowers are white or reddish, and fruits are ground into powder to eat.
4 fence fall: fence. Something covered with bamboo or branches.
5. Butterfly: Pieris rapae.
6 cauliflower: rape flower.
Seven: only.
8 None: None.
[Modern Translation]
A plum tree becomes golden, and the apricots grow bigger and bigger;
Buckwheat flowers are white and rape flowers are sparse.
After a long time, the farmers were busy working in the fields and didn't go home until noon. No one walked in front of the door.
Only dragonflies and cabbage butterflies fly around the fence.
[Appreciation]
This poem is about the rural scenery of Jiangnan in early summer. In the poem, plums are yellow, apricots are fat, wheat is white, and cauliflower is sparse, which describes the characteristics of rural scenery in the south in summer, with rich flowers and fruits and tangible colors. The third sentence of the poem describes the situation of farmers' labor from the side: in early summer, farmers are busy with farming, so they go out early and return late, so they rarely see pedestrians during the day. The last sentence uses "only dragonflies and butterflies are flying" to set off the silence in the village, which makes it even quieter.
1 ~ 2: Plum and apricot are plump, while wheat and cabbage are sparse and colorful. 3~4 sentences: the days are long and the people are sparse, dragonflies fly and butterflies dance to set off the silence.
[Edit this paragraph] This paragraph is in the Chinese textbook of Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Primary School.
Tilling during the day, numb at night,
The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.
Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,
And learn to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees.
Attention]
1. Miscellaneous interest: a poem written at will, with no fixed theme.
2. Farming: weeding.
3. Achievements of hemp: Twisting hemp into thread.
4. Responsible for each other: Everyone has a certain job.
5. Unsolved: I don't understand.
6. supply: engage in
7. Beside: nearby
8. Day: Day
9. Night: Night
[Brief analysis]
Pastoral Miscellanies of Four Seasons is a group of large-scale family poems written by the poet after he retired from his hometown. There are 60 poems in total, which describe the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflect the exploitation and hardship of farmers. This is one of them, which describes a scene of rural summer life.
The first sentence "Going out to farm during the day, getting hemp at night" means: weeding in the field during the day and rubbing hemp thread at night. "Tillage" means weeding. In early summer, the seedlings need weeding. This is what men should do. "Ji Ma" refers to women who rub twine and weave cloth at night after finishing other work during the day. This sentence directly wrote the labor scene. The second sentence "the children in the village mind their own affairs" refers to men and women. The whole poem uses the tone of an old farmer, and "children" refers to young people. "Being in charge" means that both men and women are not allowed to be idle and mind their own business. In the third sentence, "children and grandchildren are not prepared for farming and weaving", and "children and grandchildren" refer to those children who can neither farm nor weave, but are not idle. They have been in contact with and love labor since childhood, so they "learn to grow melons under the shade of mulberry trees" and learn to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite distinctive. The conclusion shows the naive interest of rural children.
With a fresh style, the poet described the tense labor atmosphere in the early summer in the countryside in a more delicate way, which made it interesting to read.