1. Who has the original text of "Drinking" by Tao Yuanming?
Drinking ① Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty built his cottage in a human environment, ② without the noise of cars and horses. I asked you how you can do it, since your heart is far away. Partially. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can see the Nanshan Mountain leisurely. The mountain air is getting better and better day by day, ③ the birds return to each other. There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten the words if I want to distinguish it. ④ The author is 365-427, with the character Yuan Liang, and the name Qian, the character Yuanming, whose surname is Mr. Jingjie, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province). His great-grandfather Tao Kan served as the Great Sima of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his father and ancestors all held official positions such as prefecture. Yuanming lost his father when he was eight years old, and his family declined and became increasingly poor. . He served as an official for several times, serving as a minor official such as offering wine and joining the army. At the age of forty-one, he abandoned his official position and returned to seclusion, and since then he has devoted himself to farming the countryside. He used pastoral life as the theme to create poems and was the founder of the Pastoral Poetry School. His poetic style is plain. Naturally, it is highly praised by later generations and has far-reaching influence. Qing Tao Shu's annotation on "The Collection of Mr. Jingjie" is a better annotation. Annotation ① Twenty poems in "Drinking" are all accidental chants after drinking, not Written at a time. ② Human environment: a place where humans live together. ③ Sun and evening: near dusk. ④ The last two sentences are in the language of Zhuangzi. "Zhuangzi·Equality of Things": "Those who distinguish, there are those who do not distinguish, and it is a great distinction. "Don't say anything." "Zhuangzi · Foreign Things": "The reason why the speaker cares about what he means is because he is so satisfied that he forgets to speak." The poetic meaning is to understand the true meaning from the revelation of nature, which is indescribable and has no need to be expressed. 2. Tao Shu’s family members
Tao Shu married seven wives successively.
The first wife was the Huang family, whose name was Defang, whose name was Zheyu. She was a daughter of Chongbang Chongbang in Baitang, Hequ River, Bendu. She was born on the fifth day of the eighth month of Qianlong Jihai (1779) and did not have Daoguang Jiachen (1844). On March 30, he lived to be 66 years old. He was buried on the left side of the Shawan husband's grave in Haishan, Xiangjianxun. Give birth to three daughters.
The eldest daughter, Ruizi, was the editor of the Hanlin Academy. She was formerly the minister of the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Household Affairs, the Ministry of War, and the Ministry of Industry. She was a scholar in Jiangnan, worshiped famous eunuchs, was the third son of Zhou Xiying in Xiangtan, and distributed salt in Lianghuai. The ambassador's taboo Yipu; the second daughter Qiongzi, who was thirteen years old, had her mother's disease cured by cutting her legs and using medicine. In April of the 21st year of Jiaqing, she was given a special order to express her filial piety and built a shop for Yin, which was suitable for training and guidance in Lizhou, Zhili Province. Yuezhou Baling County Jiaoyu, Pontu Wang Kequan's son, Yi Zengzhengyiao; three daughters, Shi Jiaqing Jimao Ke Jinshi, Hubu Guizhou Secretary Yuan Wai Lang, Changsha Peng Yongsizi, Candidate Tongpan, Daoguang Yiwei Ke Shuntian Shen Fu, the candidate for the rural examination. He married his deputy Zhang, named Li, whose courtesy name was Tortoiseshell. He was from Huangdu, Shanghai County, Songjiang Prefecture. He moved to Suzhou and gave birth to Bingzi on the fifth day of the first lunar month of Jiaqing (1816). He died on the 24th of August 24th of Daoguang and Dingyou (1837) at the age of 22. She was buried in Daping, Xinqianhai Mountain, Xiangshawan. She was granted the title of Gongren and the first-class wife of Shuren in the Jin Dynasty.
Give birth to a son. Tao Huan, whose name is Guang Biao, row fifty-five, named Shaoyun, gave birth to Daoguang Renchen (1832) and on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, in Jihai, the 19th year of Daoguang's reign, his father died in office. Year after year, the officials and Taoists will be led by officials and Taoists to distribute Sichuan supplements, reward with flower feathers, and reward with the title of salt transport envoy. If Taoist officials are in short supply, they will make up for the reward, add the title of inspection envoy, and add the second-grade top hat. He was awarded doctor Tongfeng and doctor Zizheng in Jin Dynasty. He died on March 26, 1898, Guangxu, at the age of 67. He was buried in Bingxiang, Renxingshan Mountain, Changle Township, Guanxi Ao, Xiangjiachong, Changle Township.
Tao Huan married wives and lived in four rooms. The first wife of the Zuo clan is the first-class Ke Jing Bo of Xifeng, the Nanyang Imperial Envoy, the crown prince Taibao, the governor of Liangjiang, the Minister of the Ministry of War, the Dongge University Bachelor, the supervising officer of Fujian military affairs, the second-class Marquis of Ke Jing in Jin Dynasty, the posthumous posthumous title of Grand Tutor Yu, and the posthumous title of Zuo. Wenxiang, Zuo Xiaoyu, the eldest daughter of Zuo Zongtang in Xiangyin.
Shenjuan was born on the 15th day of August in the 13th year of Daoguang (1833) and died on the 12th day of April in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). She lived to be 62 years old and was buried in Shawan. In Bingxiang, Renshan, Tian'e Mountain, Yanggong Village, Tanghou, Mrs. Gaofeng was granted the rank of first-class wife in Jin Dynasty. She wrote a volume of "Poetry Copy of the Small Stone House in Ciyun Pavilion" which has been published in the world. Five sons were born: Wenhuang (named as Shouqian, nicknamed Junsheng, selected to teach in Huarong County, Yuezhou Prefecture), Chen Yi (named Maoqian, nicknamed Bingqing, No. 1 Shengsheng, named Wenxing, awarded as an example) The doctor of the Ministry of War, the martial arts selection director, went to Xuan Chong to compile the regulations and co-edited the Huidian Hall. He was awarded the title of Fengzheng Dafu and was promoted to Zhongxian Dafu. Famous literary student, excellent Linsheng, author of four volumes of "Xiyin Bookstore Posthumous Manuscripts", and gave birth to three daughters. His eldest daughter, Qi Hui, was the prince's Taibao, governor of Liangjiang, navy patrolling the Yangtze River, and imperial envoy. He was posthumously named Gangzhi Hengyang Peng Gong, Taboo Yulin
The fourth grandson admires the chief minister, Yongzhaozi, candidate magistrate, fourth-grade title, admires the person who sees Ji), national treasure (the name of the book is Ruoqian, the original name is Jifan, the name is Shouyin, The name of the school is Wen Xing, Tongzhi Hualing is distributed in Hubei for supplementation, this genealogy is majored in), Tingyu (the genealogy name is Qian, the original name is Gengtong, the name is Qirui, No. 1 Liujie, Tongzhi Hualing is distributed in Jiangxi for supplementation) Fourth grade title); gave birth to two daughters: Chunzhen and Jingyi. After marrying the concubine Chen, she was named Lanyu, the daughter of Zhou Gong in Luoshan County, Jianli County, Jingzhou Prefecture, Hubei Province. She gave birth to a son on the first day of September of the Wuxu Period (1838), but did not have a son named Guangxu Bingzi (1876) on the 19th day of the ninth month. She died at the age of 39. He was buried on the north bank of Zijiang River, Taojiawan, Danshuichong, Renshan Bing and Ziwu, and was given to Yiren Jinfeng Gongren.
The eleven names listed in the winning book are intended to be used as secretaries in the cabinet. Xuan Guang's Yamen Zongzhuanglue Branch Branch, Guangxu Xinchou added the fourth rank title Hualing. In the 16th year of Guangxu's reign, Qin Engao was awarded the title of Fengzheng Dafu and Jin Zhongxian Dafu. There are "Dongsheng Caotang Parallel Prose Manuscripts", "Miscellaneous Notes of Shenliu Reading Hall", "Xinglaiqingfenge Ci Collection", "Wenyi Gong Chronicle", "Xinyu of Yingtie", "Six Books Searching for Sources", " "Distinguishing the Authentic and False of Six Books", "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Zhengdu Shuowen", "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Ancient Texts of Zhongding", "Research on the Facts of Zhang Wei Gong", "Research on the Facts of Yue Zhongwu"); gave birth to five daughters: He Zhen (suitable for the prince of Yiyi) Taibao, first-grade Dingdai, Hubei governor Hu Linyizi, admiring the people, inheriting the third-class baronet, Tao Zixun), Minzhen (suitable for Shanhua candidate magistrate, Tang Qilaizi, candidate for training, Shuxi), Lingyi (suitable for Shanhua) The right minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Zhejiang Xuezheng, Huang Zhuozi, the official of Guanglu Temple and the title of magistrate, taboo Fengchang), Yu Jun died at a young age. Marrying the Wang family for the third time, she is known for her beautiful lotuses and pleasant seal.
The fourth marriage was to a side wife of the Tang family. She was named Fengxian, and was granted the title of Yiren. She gave birth to a son named Hongshou Youyao. The third marriage was to the Yang family of the Jin family, to a loving mother named Yulian, from Maoyou, Shanhua County, to the daughter of Huaiyuan. She was born on December 18, Guiyou, Jiaqing (1813), and died on the sixth day of June, Xinwei, Tongzhi (1871), at the age of At the age of 59, she was buried in Ganxiang, Xunshan, Taojiashan, Heqiu, Bendu. She was granted the title of Gongren and was granted the rank of Shuren in Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Tongzhi, she was ordered to express filial piety.
The fourth marriage was to the concubine He, named Yuanxiu, whose name was Huisheng. She was the daughter of Guangjian, Shilili, Yiyi. She was born on August 22, 1791, Qianlong's reign, and was given the title of son-in-law Hu Linyi, Guangdong and Guangdong. Gongren, a first-class wife of Jin Dynasty, died at the age of 74 on August 14, 1864, during the reign of Emperor Jiazi. She was buried in Mrs. Huang's grave in Shawan, Zuohai Mountain, facing Jianqianxun. Four sons were born: Chunxian (named Chunfu, born on the 29th, born on the 11th of the first month of Xinwei in Jiaqing, and on the 13th of the sixth lunar month of Xinwei in Jiaqing, died only half a year old), Taoxian (named Manzhu, born on the 30th) 3. Born on the 17th day of the seventh lunar month of Jiaqing, Jiaqing, but not the first day of February, Jiaqing Bingzi, and died before the age of three), Putuo Bao (unnamed, on the 38th day of the lunar calendar, born on the 6th day of the second lunar month of Jiaqing Jiamao, not Jiaqing Jimao) February 29th, died before the full moon), Baoxian (small character Hui Shou, row 43, granted Yipin Yinsheng, born Daoguang Renwu on July 11th, very intelligent, with long-lasting roots, good at writing poetry, calligraphy and painting) It was born with a wonderful spirit, but it was a pity that he died young. At the age of ten, he suddenly went to the Yulou. Xinhua Deng Guangwen Xianhe collected his poems and included them in the "Old Collection of Zijiang Qi". On September 16th of Daoguang Xinmao, ); gave birth to five daughters: Yanzi (the eldest son of He Xiling, who was the supervisor of the Imperial Academy of Gyeonggi Province and edited the academic affairs of Hubei Province), Xiuzi (the eldest son of He Xiling, who was the editor of the Imperial Academy of Academic Affairs in Gyeonggi Province), Xiuzi (the eldest son of He Xiling, who was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy in Tanhua, Guizhou Province). The crown prince Taibao was given the posthumous title Wenzhong (Hanlin Academy editor Hu Linyi) and Huan. 3. Guangdong College Entrance Examination Classical Chinese
2008, original text: Zhou Fang, courtesy name Shida, was born in Ancheng, southern Runan.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, he took refuge in the south of the Yangtze River and visited the fourth generation. Wu Ping, who lives in Lujiang, seeks Yang Yan.
Interviewing with Young Master Shen Yi, he was humble and able, but the result was that he was cut off. Zhou was poor and exhausted, and his family had no money left. He was a meritorious official in the county, and at that time Tao Kan was a casual official. He visited and recommended him as the chief secretary, made friends with him, and talked about his children with his wife.
During the visit to Xiaolian, no one except the doctor and the minister were appointed officials. When Emperor Yuan crossed the river, he was ordered to participate in the military affairs of Zhendong.
Sometimes there was a person with the same name as Fang, who was punishable by death. Officials mistakenly collected him, and Fang fought hard to collect him. Dozens of people scattered and returned to the emperor, which was not the crime of the emperor. Looking for General Yang Lie and asking for Hua Yi.
Ding Qian, the general of Liwu under his command, communicated with Feng Yi, the prefect of Wuchang under his command, to visit, capture and kill him. Yi came to attack him, and he led his troops to defeat him.
Yi general Zhou Guang burned the city in response to the visit. Yi generals were defeated and Jiangzhou was pacified. The emperor appointed Fang as General Zhenwu, and ordered Fang to join the army to conquer Du Tao.
Taozuo Juekai attacked the official warships, and visited Changqi to keep them at a distance, so Juekai could not do any harm. After the visit, he used his naval division to build Xiangcheng, and the army reached Fukou, and Tao sent Du Hong out to sea to faint.
Visited Bu Shangchaisang, smuggled across the country, fought with thieves, and beheaded hundreds of people. The thieves retreated to protect Luling, and then surrounded Luling again.
Hongda threw treasures outside the city. Soldiers competed to pick them up. Hongda broke out due to chaos in the formation. Fang led his troops to pursue him, and obtained numerous pommels, horses, armor and staffs.
When Hong entered Nankang, the prefect led his troops to counterattack, broke through, and rushed to Linhe. The emperor visited General Long Xiang again.
When I visited Xiangyang, I worked in agriculture and trained soldiers, and I was diligent in adopting it. Wang Dun was worried about it, but he was afraid of its strength and did not dare to make any difference.
He is a famous general of the ZTE. Being modest in nature is not a matter of merit.
Or the interviewer said: "People rarely claim to be good at small things. You have such great achievements, but you don't have a word about them, so why?" The interviewer said: "The generals use umbrellas, what achievements are there!" Scholars attach great importance to this.
Visiting to train soldiers, Jian soldiers want to declare their power in the Central Plains, but they have the ambition to level the river and Luo. They are good at caring for all the scholars, even to death. Wen Dun has a disobedient heart. Visiting Heng cuts his teeth. Although Dun has treason, he finally visits the world. Dare to do wrong (selected from "Jin Shu·Zhou Fang Biography", with some deletions) [Note] ① Loose officials: idle officials. ② Haihun: place name.
Classical Chinese translation reference: Zhou Fang, whose nickname is Shida, was originally from Ancheng, Runan. During the late Han Dynasty, he escaped from the war and went to the Jiangnan area. It was already the fourth generation to visit Zhou Dynasty.
After Wu Di was pacified, he settled down in Xunyang, Lujiang River (because: so, then. Home: noun as verb, settling down.
)
When Zhou Fang was young, he was calm and resolute, humble and courteous, acted decisively, and helped poor people (Zhen: original intention, relief, relief), and his family had no remaining property. He became the meritor of the county government (meritorious officer: assistant officer, in charge of examination and recording of merit.)
At that time, Tao Kan was an idle official, and Zhou Fang recommended him to be the chief clerk (sentence omitted, recommended.) , became friends with him (phase: pronoun, he), and gave his daughter to Tao Kan's son Tao Zhan as his wife (wife: noun as verb).
Zhou Fang was promoted as Xiaolian, and then appointed as a doctor and a superior orderer, but he did not take up his post. When Emperor Yuan crossed the Yangtze River, he ordered Zhou Fang to participate in the military campaign in Zhendong.
At that time, there was a man with the same name as Zhou Fang. His crime should be punished by death. The jailer misunderstood and detained Zhou Fang. Zhou Fang fought back against the people who detained him. Dozens of people fled, and then he surrendered in front of Emperor Yuan. , Emperor Yuan did not blame him (inverted sentence). Soon he was appointed as General Yanglie (see: Soon.
Sentence omitted.) to attack Hua Yi.
The Liwu general Ding Qian, commanded by Zhou Fang, colluded with Feng Yi, the prefect of Wuchang, commanded by Hua Yi (Traffic: Ancient and Modern Ci.) Zhou Fang arrested Ding Qian and killed him.
Feng Yilai attacked Zhou Fang, and Zhou Fang led his army to attack and defeat him. Hua Yi's general Zhou Guang burned the city in response to Zhou's visit. Hua Yi's army was defeated and Jiangzhou was pacified.
Emperor Yuan appointed Zhou Fang as General Zhenwu and ordered Zhou Fang and other troops to attack Du Tao. Du Tao made a jiégāo ("攔槔" ({jiégāo}): ??a tool for drawing water from a well.
It also generally refers to a simple machine for lifting objects) to attack the official warships, and Zhou visited the production Changqiqi (枨chéng wooden pillar) came to resist him ("distance" corresponds to "rejection"), and Jueguang cannot become a disaster. Zhou Fang then led a small warship to Xiangcheng, and the army arrived at Fukou, so Du Tao sent Du Hong to Haihun.
Zhou Fang climbed up Chaisang on foot, crossed the river secretly, fought with the enemy, and beheaded hundreds of them. The enemy troops retreated to Luling and surrounded Du Hong in Luling (inverted sentence).
Du Hong threw many treasures outside the city. The soldiers scrambled to pick up the treasures. Du Hong took advantage of the chaos in front of the formation to break out and escape from the city. Zhou Fang led his army to pursue him and obtained countless pommels, horses, armors and weapons.
Du Hong fled into Nankang. The prefect led his soldiers to attack him head on, and defeated Du Hong. Du Hong fled to Linhe. Emperor Yuan once again promoted Zhou Fang to General Long Xiang.
After Zhou visited Xiangyang, he devoted himself to agricultural production and training soldiers, and was diligent in selecting talents and accepting advice. Wang Dun was troubled by him, but he was afraid of his power and did not dare to have any different intentions.
After Zhou Fang's majestic demeanor was established, people near and far were willing to join him (the adjective was conjugated into a noun). His wisdom and courage were superhuman, and he became a famous general of the ZTE. He has a humble personality and never talks about his military exploits.
Someone asked Zhou Fang: "It is rare for others to do some good deeds without self-promotion. You have made outstanding achievements, but you don't say a word. Why?" Zhou Fang said: "The soldiers are charging forward, What contribution does Zhou Fang have?" (Inverted sentence) The soldiers respected him even more.
Zhou Fang trained the army to simply recruit soldiers, and wanted to attack the Central Plains. He was passionate and ambitious to pacify Heluo. He is good at comforting and coaxing soldiers and civilians, and they are all willing to die for Zhou Fang.
Hearing that Wang Dun was disloyal, Zhou Fang hated him with gnashing of teeth. Although Wang Dun had rebellious thoughts, he did not dare to do anything wrong before Zhou Wan passed away.
2009: Li Di's character is restored, and he was originally from Zhaojun. My great-grandfather fled the chaos of the Five Dynasties and moved to Pu.
Di Shenzhen had a great talent, and he tried to see Liu Kai with his writings. He was surprised and said: "The public assists the talented people."
Zhenzong was lucky enough to be a judge who stayed behind, so he knew Haozhou. The dead soldiers massacred the city and sent troops to capture them, but they were unable to survive for a long time.
When Di arrived, he dismissed all the troops he had sent. He secretly listened and observed where the thieves were, and recruited some sharp soldiers to capture the thieves and kill them for favors. After returning to Mu, an edict was suddenly sent to the inner east gate, and Ma Yuanfang, the envoy of the third division, was sent out to show the number of materials brought in and out last year.
When there is a locust drought every year, I ask how to help. I ask you to distribute the inner treasury to support the state. Then the wealth will be reduced and the people will not work hard. The emperor said: "I want to use Li Shiheng to replace Yuan Fang. When he comes, I will lend him millions of gold and silk to Sansi." "Si, to show kindness, why bother saying "borrow"?
College Entrance Examination Resource Network At the beginning, the general established a chapter to present the emperor, and Di repeatedly went to the emperor to give advice. In the jubilee of heaven, I pray to you.
Week. 4. The trees are flourishing, and the springs are trickling. What does it mean?
It means: the trees are flourishing, and the springs are flowing slowly.
Come back and come back, words and preface
Wei and Jin Dynasties: Tao Yuanming
Come back and come back, please pay attention and stay away. The world is against my will, how can I ask for my words again? Love words to please relatives, music on the piano and writing to soothe worries. The peasants told me that spring was coming and that something would happen in Xichou. Or a life-carrying carriage, or a solitary boat. It is both graceful and graceful to find ravines, and also rugged to pass through hills. The trees are flourishing and the springs are beginning to trickle. When I get all the good things, I feel grateful for the rest of my life.
Go back! Let me cut off all contact with the outside world.
Everything about them is contrary to my interests, so why should I drive out to pursue them? Talking with relatives and friends makes me happy, playing the piano and reading can make me forget my sorrow; the farmer told me the news that spring is coming, and he will go to the fields in the west to cultivate.
Sometimes I drive a small car with a cloth cover, sometimes I paddle a small boat, not only to explore the deep ravines, but also to walk through the rugged hills. The trees are flourishing and the springs are flowing slowly. (I) envy that all things coincide with the season of prosperity and growth, and lament that my life is coming to an end.
Extended information:
Appreciation
During the Song Dynasty, "Return to the Song" was rediscovered and re-recognized by people. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are no articles in Jin Dynasty, only Tao Yuanming's "Return". Song Xiang said: "Taogong's "Return" is the swan song of articles in the north and south." He evaluated the important position of this poem in the history of literature.
Li Gefei said: "The words "Returning" are flowing out from the heart, but there are no traces of axe." Zhu Xi said: "The meaning of the words is vast and desolate, although it is supported by the sound of Chu. "There is no such thing as a frowning disease." (The above quotation can be found in the Annotated Edition of Tao Shu's Collection), which points out the true, natural, and harmonious style of this phrase. These comments by Song people are in line with reality.
(Deng Xiaojun)