There are four ways to sing Gregorian hymns: solo (less), chorus, alternate singing (alternate hymn) and response singing (response hymn). The content of singing is mainly chanting, praying and singing in worship, just like recitation and aria in opera. The former half sings and half speaks, like a monk chanting scriptures, while the latter has a slightly stronger sense of melody and highlights a sense of solemnity. Gregorian chant melody can be divided into three types according to the combination of lyrics and singing: syllable-one word, one sound; Pneumatic style-one word corresponds to one pneumatic symbol (polyphony); Melismatic style-one-word pronunciation, highlighting "coloratura". The following important Gregorian chant music forms embody these three music types:
Psalm Tone: Is it the oldest and most primitive hymn melody, and its content is the Bible? There are 65,438+050 poems in the Old Testament. The meter of these poems is not rigorous, and the length of each sentence is different. Only the upper and lower sentences have a paragraph, which is mainly composed of smooth and even homophonic repetition and belongs to the "syllable type" chant. Its forms basically include the introduction of "Qi" (only used in the first section), intonation (homophonic polyphony, singing a section or sentence quickly), middle "turn" (semi-termination) and ending "harmony" (the most melodious part of the heart).
Antiphon: It used to be a way of singing poetry. The first and second sentences of each verse in the poem are sung alternately by two choirs, and later this alternate part becomes an "alternate hymn" independently, which belongs to the "New Chinese" hymn.
Chorus: This is the most artistic form of Gregorian chant. Like the alternate hymn, it originally refers to the singing form-the soloist quotes a poem and then the choir repeats the first half of the poem. After that, the choir chose other contents as lyrics, and the melody became more and more fancy, becoming a unique' response department'. It belongs to "singing flowers".
Hymn (hymn): It is the only poetic form in the early Gregorian chant, which belongs to "syllable form" and has strict meter.
Canticle: It is similar to the melody of a poem, but the lyrics are other contents of the Bible, and the melody is slightly decorative.
Choir: Sing the response, sing something other than poetry.
The lyrics of the whole Messiah are taken from the Bible, which is one of the characteristics of the Messiah. Other oratorios have no such achievements, so the lyrics above are all biblical festivals.
"Sorrow and separation" is an eternal theme throughout the ages and even the whole world. "Where to wake up tonight? The waning moon written by He Xiaofeng is "the sadness of parting", "I advise you to have a glass of wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason" is a comfort to your friends, "However, China has our friendship and the sky is our neighbor" is a treasure of friendship, "the willow leaves fall every year, and Baling has the sadness of parting", and "Jinling disciples come to bid farewell and have a drink each. I told him about the pain of parting. After the May 4th Movement, poems expressing sadness and resentment are still flourishing, and excellent works are in full swing. Among them, the campus song "Farewell" written by Mr. Li Shutong is particularly popular, sweeping the world and enduring. Li Shutong (1880- 1942), legal number hony. He is versatile, integrating poetry, ci, calligraphy and painting, seal cutting, music, drama and literature. He is not only a generation of eminent monks, but also a brilliant educator of music and art, calligrapher and drama activist. Modern cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo take getting a portrait of a master as their greatest honor. With his outstanding artistic attainments, he has successively cultivated famous painters such as Feng Zikai and musician Liu Zhiping. "Farewell" was written on 1905 when Li Shutong was studying in Japan.
From the overall structure, Farewell is very similar to an ancient word (a kind of poem), with three paragraphs, one or three of which are the same.
The first section focuses on the farewell environment. The author selected eight typical images such as "Changting", "Ancient Road", "Cao Fang", "Evening Wind", "Twilight", "Weak Willow", "Broken Flute" and "Sunset" to render the parting scene. "Changting" and "Ancient Road" are places to write farewell, which reminds us of countless farewells in the history of literature, such as Liu Yong's "Chilling, the pavilion is late, and the torrential rain leaves early" and Bai Juyi's "Incense them to press the high road and reach the crumbling city gate". Ah, my friend's prince, you left again, and I heard them sigh behind you. Grass "is a metaphor for leaving love, such as" Chu Ci "? "In" Recruiting Hermits ",there is" Wang Sun wanders without returning, and the grass grows and flies. " Willow blowing in the evening breeze means farewell, and "willow" and "stay" are homophonic, conveying resentment and nostalgia. Like The Book of Songs? Cai Wei: "I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; Today I think of it, it's raining. "Dai Shulun's" Willow on the Dike ":"Willows are weeping, and spring comes to weave away from sorrow. " "The mountain beyond the mountain" means far apart. And all these feelings of parting are shrouded in the "sunset" at a specific time, which only makes people feel the warmth of friendship, the warmth of sunset and the warmth of evening breeze; Warm and touching.
The second section focuses on sending others' feelings, which is the climax of the whole song. Through Tianya, Dijiao, Zhiyin, San, Turbid Wine, Night Farewell and Dream Separation, appeal to the senses, touch the heartstrings and tempt you to taste. Farewell, of course, will give birth to many feelings from the heart! "The day is short, and the ends of the earth are scattered." Life is only a few decades. How many people can you know? Goodbye, when? How many people can be together? Those are ecstatic, but don't "A cup of turbid wine makes me happy", which is really a helpless sadness. When friends can get together, we leave the wine and "drink it all"? Finally, in the interweaving of time and space, the author summarizes the full text with the present tense "Farewell to Meng Han tonight". Emotionally speaking, the reunion in the dream takes care of the above-mentioned "mountain beyond the mountain", and rhythmically speaking, it is a repeated emphasis, but this repeated emphasis is a further miss, and only acacia dreams are frequent.
The third paragraph is the overlap of the first paragraph, which further sets off the atmosphere of separation, strengthens the image and repeats the phonology. Among them, "the evening breeze blows the flute, and the sunset passes over the mountain" is sentence after sentence, which, with the melody of the circle, forms a kind of beauty of the circle and deepens the emotional parting of dreams.
The whole word has three sections, including the beginning, the beginning and the end; Stick to the theme, create a fascinating artistic conception, and be full of helplessness to life. "All scenery words are sentimental words" (Wang Guowei's words), long pavilions, ancient roads, fragrant grass, evening breeze, sunset ... the scenery remains the same, and people are sad when they are gone. Its aesthetic effect echoed in the silence of "drinking Meng Han". The whole word describes such a scene for us: at sunset, mountains are connected, green grass is endless; Nearby, pavilions, ancient roads, breezes, willows and weeping willows, bid farewell to clarinets. A pair of bosom friends are just around the corner, and there is infinite sadness at the thought of being far apart. They picked up their glasses and wanted to borrow some wine to enjoy their last happiness. The parting of drunken dreams left each other with unforgettable scenes of "willow blowing in the evening breeze" and "sunset in the mountains"!
The whole song "Farewell" is graceful, fresh and elegant, sincere and gentle. Lyrics vary in length and sentence patterns. The melody of the song Sadness of Travel, which was very popular in Japan at that time, borrowed the melody of Dreaming of Home and Mother by American artist John P. Odway. Li Shutong people bottled their own wine and wrote a campus song with strong China poetry. That kind of infatuation, that kind of sadness, that kind of attachment are unified in the farewell song, which is harmonious and picturesque and complement each other. The whole rhyme-predestined relationship, sky, mountain and cold, that is, a rhyme,
/KOOC-0/979/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/0 The first title song of the album Sweet Honey released by Polaroid Company sold over one million copies that year, which was one of the three platinum records that Teresa Teng won in/KOOC-0/979. When you savor this old song, you can always feel delicate and silky emotions. The first love vividly described in the lyrics, coupled with Teresa Teng's sweet but not greasy voice, makes this song all the rage.