Generally, the description of the four seasons usually conforms to the characteristics of a certain season. For example, spring represents the growth, budding, and prosperity of all things; summer represents the green vegetation, or the heat and noise; autumn, when the flowers and leaves fall, represents the sorrow of separation, or the joy of the harvest; winter represents the desolation and coldness of all things. Wind can express the character's loneliness, depression, helplessness, etc.
But in the writing of ancient poetry, a very important point is that "all scene language is love language", that is, many descriptions are to highlight the poet's psychology, or to entrust the poet's special feelings.
For example, "The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of greenery in spring." These two sentences were written by Du Fu when the country was in years of war. Although spring is a prosperous and energetic season, because The poet's concern for the country and the people is integrated into it, so the deep vegetation also takes on a sad tone. Similarly, "A few peach blossoms outside the bamboo, a duck prophet of the warmth of the spring river" describes the lightness of spring, and the words are also full of the poet's joy.
A little humble opinion, I hope it will be of some use to you.
The following is a detailed introduction to the rhetoric of ancient poetry, which is not limited to poems describing the four seasons:
◆Metaphor
The grass firefly shines but is not fire, although the lotus dew How can a group be a pearl? ("Five Poems of Fangyan (Part 1)" by Bai Juyi)
"The grass firefly shines but is not fire; the lotus dew is a ball, but it is not a pearl." Both sentences of the neck couplet are metaphors. Although the fireflies in the grass have light, they are not fire after all; although the dew on the lotus leaves is spherical, is it a pearl? However, they can dazzle people with their sparkling and crystal appearance, and people are often deceived by the illusion.
◆ Repeatedly, flowers are not flowers, and mist is not mist ("Flowers are not flowers" by Bai Juyi)
◆Comparison
"Beautiful Wishes to Zhang Shuibu" Zhu Qingyu
The red candles were lit in the bridal chamber last night, waiting to pay homage to my aunt in front of the Xiaotang Hall.
After putting on makeup, I asked my husband in a low voice: How dark is the eyebrows?
Comparing the love relationship between husband and wife or the love relationship between a man and a woman to other social relationships such as monarch and ministers, as well as friends, teachers and students, is a traditional expression that began to appear in Chinese classical poetry from "Chu Ci" and developed thereafter. Technique. This poem is also written in this way.
◆Borrowing
The laughter is full of hidden fragrance (Xin Qiji in "The Blue Jade Case")
The woman who borrows the secret fragrance
◆Comparison
"Light Fat" by Bai Juyi, "The Blue Jade Case" by Xin Qiji
◆Exaggeration
"The Road to Shu is Difficult" by Li Bai - the poet writes with exaggerated pen and ink It has overcome the insurmountable dangers in history, and integrated the myth of Wu Ding's creation of the mountain, giving it a magical color, like the prelude of a movement, which has a fascinating and magical effect.
◆Duality
The Falling Flower Man is independent, and Wei Yuyan flies together. The soul of watching is about to die, and the dreams are gone after so many years. ("Spring Cannot" by Weng Hong)
These two sentences are written delicately, profoundly, euphemistically and implicitly, and the couplets are beautifully crafted without being overly polished. They are excellent sentences.
◆Rhetorical question
Whoever speaks from the heart will be rewarded with three rays of spring.
◆Question
Twenty-three poems by Ma (Part 5) Li He
The sand in the desert is like snow, and the moon in Yanshan Mountain is like a hook. Why should I be golden and have a strong brain? Walk quickly to enjoy the clear autumn.
The last two sentences are completed in one go, starting with the question "What should I do", which strongly conveys the meaning of infinite hope and sighing; and the three words "Stepping into the Qingqiu" have a sonorous tone and novel word combinations. , covered with "Qingqiu" grass and yellow horse fat, just in time to gallop, with the word "go fast", the image implies the light and vigorous grace of the horse,
◆Synesthesia
plug in and listen The sound of playing the flute is high
The snow is clear and Hu Tian is returning to herd horses. The moon is bright and the Qiang flute is guarding the tower.
May I ask where the plum blossoms fell? The wind blew all over the mountain all night.
The beauty of three or four sentences is more than that. Taking the word "plum blossoms falling" apart creates a virtual scene, as if the wind is blowing not the sound of flutes but the falling plum blossoms. They are scattered everywhere, filling Guanshan with harmonious color and fragrance overnight. Although this is an image of written sound, it is an illusion formed by misusing the title of the song. It is made out of hypothetical questions, but it is both false and false. And this virtual scene is harmoniously matched with the real scene of pure snow and bright moon. The virtual and the real are intertwined to form a beautiful and far-reaching realm. This realm is difficult for any skilled painter to paint. At the same time, it still contains synesthesia, that is, the element of "thinking about shapes" caused by listening to music. The soldier listened to the music and thought of the plum blossoms in his hometown (there are no plum blossoms in the Hu land), and then thought of the plum blossoms falling. The sentence also contains the sentiment of homesickness.
◆Irony
Two Poems from the Northern Qi Dynasty by Li Shangyin
The country will perish as soon as it smiles, and the thorns will not hurt it. Xiao Lian's jade body lay across the night, and she had already reported to the Zhou army to enter Jinyang.
With a clever smile, one can defeat all enemies, but the most beautiful thing is the military uniform. Jinyang has been trapped and I look back, and I invite the king to hunt around.
“The beautiful smile is beautiful, the beautiful eyes are looking forward to” is the description of the charming expression of a beautiful woman in the Book of Songs. "Qiaoxia" and "Wanji", the relationship between one woman and the world is clear at a glance. To say that "Qiao Xiao" is comparable to "Wan Ji" is to use irony to satirize Gao Wei's ignorance. "Zhi" actually means Nizhi, and its meaning is particularly spicy. For example, "A country will perish if you smile" is a hot curse, this sentence is a sneer, a discussion without discussion. One of the ways Gao Wei and Concubine Shu enjoyed themselves was hunting. In Gao Wei's eyes, Concubine Shu was particularly charming in her hunting gear, so it was said that "the most beautiful thing about a city is its military uniform." This sentence is still ironic and has subtext.
There are many heroines in ancient times, and their valiant and heroic appearance really makes people feel beautiful. But Concubine Shu's behavior in wearing military uniform was not for the sake of the world, but to despise the world. What Gao Wei is obsessed with is not the heroic posture but the coy attitude. They acted for the occasion, wearing military uniforms and forgetting about the powerful enemy country.
◆Contrast
The steaming Yunmengze is shaking Yueyang City.
"Looking at Dongting Lake and presenting it to Prime Minister Zhang" by Meng Haoran
These two sentences are known as the famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. But there are still differences between the two sentences: the first sentence uses a broad plane to set off the vastness of the lake, and the second sentence uses a narrow three-dimensional space to reflect the momentum of the lake. The Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only vast, but also full of vitality.
◆Intertext
Send someone back east
Wen Tingyun
The yellow leaves fall from the desolate garrison, leaving Haoran away from his hometown.
High winds crossing Hanyang, the first day at Yingmen Mountain.
There are a few people on the river, but I am alone at the end of the world.
Why should we meet again and drink wine to comfort our faces?
The two sentences in the chin couplet are intertextual, which means: The wind is high on the first day of Hanyang Crossing, and the wind is high on the first day of Yingmen Mountain. On the first day of the year, it is pointed out that farewell is in the early morning. Hanyang Ferry, a ferry crossing of the Yangtze River, is in today's Wuhan City, Hubei Province; Yingmen Mountain is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province. The two places, one to the east and one to the west, are thousands of miles apart and will not appear in the field of vision at the same time. Here they collectively refer to Jingshan and Chushui, thus showing a vast and majestic realm, with towering mountains, vast rivers, rustling autumn winds, and rising sun. , Make a good show for your friends.
◆Pun
Collecting Lotus Seeds (Part 2)
Huangfu Pine
The boat is moving on the lake and the light is shining in autumn, and I am greedy for young people to believe Boat flow.
Throwing lotus seeds across the water for no reason will make you feel ashamed for a long time.
The water in the lake was rippling, and the girl's heart was also filled with waves. Suddenly, the girl grabbed a handful of lotus seeds and threw them to the young man on the bank. This throw, full of teasing, teasing and admiration, further vividly demonstrates the bold and passionate character of the girl from the Jiangnan water town. Since the Southern Dynasties, popular love songs in the Jiangnan area often do not directly say words such as "love" and "love", but use homophones to form puns.