Yuanqu includes zaju and Sanqu, sometimes referring to zaju. Zaju is a kind of performance form characterized by funny in Song Dynasty, and it developed into a traditional opera form in Yuan Dynasty.
Each book is mainly 60% off, with a wedge at the beginning or between folds, and each fold consists of Beiqu divertimento and Bai Bin homophony. Such as Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan. Popular in Dadu (now Beijing) area.
There are also dramas in Ming and Qing dynasties, but there is no limit to 60% discount per book. Sanqu is a popular music form in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it has no object. The content is mainly lyrical, including poems and essays.
Second, the representative figures
1, Guan Hanqing
Guan Hanqing (about 1234 years ago-1300 years ago), the word "Han Qing", the number has been lent (Zhai Yi, has been lent), the Han nationality, Jiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), and other places of origin (now Beijing) and? Qi zhou (now anguo city, Hebei) and others said.
The founder of Yuan Zaju, the first of the "Four Masters of Yuan Qu", is also called "Four Masters of Yuan Qu" with Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu.
Zaju achieved the greatest success, with 67 dramas and 18 dramas. Whether individual works were written by him is still inconclusive, and Yuan is the most famous one. Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as Single Knife Meeting, Single Whip for Focus, Dream of West Shu and so on.
Today, there are more than 40 poems and 10 sets of Sanqu. Guan Hanqing's image of "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, boiled, fried or fried" ("A flower is not old") is also widely known as "Qu Sheng".
2. Ma Zhiyuan
Ma Zhiyuan (about 125 1 year —— about 132 1 year to 1324), a native of Macitang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province. He is a famous dramatist and zaju writer, praised by later generations. ?
When he was young, he wrote poems and dedicated them to Long Ta. He longed for progress and fame, but he failed to achieve it. Ma Zhiyuan was similar to Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu, but later, when he was young, his career was bumpy, and he was dissatisfied with current politics in his later years, living in seclusion in the countryside and taking pleasure in beating himself with cups. He died after the first year of Taiding (132 1) and was buried in his ancestral home.
3. Zheng Guangzu
Zheng Guangzu (a.d. 1264 ~? ), the word Dehui, Han nationality, a famous zaju Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty, was born in Xiangling, Pingyang (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province).
Zheng Guangzu was influenced by the art of drama since he was a child, and enjoyed a high reputation when he was young. But he worked as a small official in Hangzhou, mainly in the south, and became a giant in the southern opera circle. At that time, his zaju was "famous in the world, and there was sound in the boudoir."
Deqing, zhou yuan praised Zheng Guangzu's literary work "The Rhyme of the Central Plains" and juxtaposed him with Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu. Later generations collectively called him "the four masters of Yuan Opera".
Third, representative works
Qiu Si Tianjinsha 1
① Author: Ma Zhiyuan in Yuan Dynasty
② Original text
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
③ Translation
The withered vines are wrapped around the old trees, and the branches are inhabited by crows returning to their nests at dusk. Under the small bridge, there are several families by the running water. On the ancient and desolate road, the autumn wind is bleak, and a tired thin horse is carrying a wanderer. The sun is setting slowly, and the extremely sad traveler is still wandering at the end of the world.
2. Tianjin sand in autumn
(1) Author: Yuan Dynasty composer Bai Pu
② Original text
The sunset in the lonely village, the light smoke from the old tree in the west of Western jackdaw, and the shadow of Hong Fei. Green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers.
③ Translation
The sun is gradually sinking in the west, and the sunset glow on the horizon is gradually dissipating, leaving only a few dim colors, reflecting the quiet and lonely village in the distance and dragging out long shadows.
Light smoke floated into the air, several crows perched on a rickety old tree, and a wild goose flew down in the distance and crossed the sky. Beautiful scenery; Frosted grass, flaming maple leaves and golden flowers are swaying in the wind together, and the colors are very bright.
3. "Water Fairy Chants for Jiangnan"
(1) Author: Yuan Zhang
② Original text
The sun shines on the river, and thin smoke rises. The eaves painted by people on both sides of the strait are connected, and the beams are connected. The river is surrounded by lotus flowers, so it is quiet. Looking at Sha Ou, it turns around on the river, and the curtains of every household are full of fragrant wind. Beautiful boats seem to fall from the sky, and the flag of the restaurant flutters in the wind. People really love Jiangnan!
③ Translation
A river of smoke and water reflects the green hills and clouds, people on both sides of the strait paint eaves attached to it, and a lotus flower floats in the water. Qiu Guang is peaceful and idle. Watch Sha Ou roar and dance, and the fragrant wind reveals the bead curtain on the ten-mile shore. The original painting seems to be coming from the horizon, and the wine flag flies high in the wind. What a lovely Jiangnan water town.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zheng Guangzu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guan Hanqing
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ma Zhiyuan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuanqu