(2) Express feelings: Through the description of these late autumn scenery, the author expressed his sad and lonely feelings, showing the bitterness of the author's stay and his yearning for his hometown under the background of social turmoil and self-feeling, so as to express his feelings of inspiring years.
2, the original poem:
Eight Poems in Autumn, Part I
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
3. Precautions:
1 Yulu: Autumn frost dew is called jade because of its whiteness. Wilt: withered and decaying plants.
② Wushan Wuxia: refers to the Yangtze River and canyons in Kuizhou (now Fengjie). Xiao Sen: Bleak and gloomy.
3, turned upside down: the waves are as high as the sky.
4 plug: refers to Wushan. Ground qi and yin: clouds cover the ground. "Grounding gas" is also called "everywhere".
⑤ The flowers bloom twice: Du Fu was in Yun 'an in the previous autumn and Kuizhou this autumn. It has been two autumn since he left Chengdu, so the clouds bloom twice. The word "open" is a pun, which means that the chrysanthemums are open and the tears are open. Another day: the past refers to the hard years of these years.
6 Hometown: This refers to Chang 'an.
4. Translation:
Maple trees gradually withered and damaged under the erosion of dew in late autumn, and Wushan and Wuxia were also shrouded in bleak and gloomy fog.
The waves in Wuxia Gorge are monstrous, and the dark clouds above seem to be pressing on the ground, and the world is gloomy.
It has been two years since the flowers bloomed. Looking at the blooming flowers and thinking that I haven't been home for two years, I can't help crying. The ship is still tied to the shore. Although I can't go back to the East and wander outside, my heart is always tied to my hometown.
We are rushing to make clothes to keep out the cold in winter, and the anvil knocking on cold clothes in Baidicheng is as tight as a crack. It seems that another year has passed, and my yearning for my hometown has become more dignified and deeper.
5. Brief analysis:
The whole poem takes "autumn" as the commander-in-chief, and describes the wandering in the twilight, the suffering of the old and sick, the wandering in the rivers and lakes, the feelings of facing the rise and fall of the country and the life experience brought by the bleak autumn colors; Write the memories of Chang 'an's prosperous times, and the sadness brought by the comparison between the past and the present; Writing about the fate of the country, witnessing the destruction of the country, there is nothing I can do, and I can only recall the sadness and depression of Beijing from a distance.
The whole poem is full of sadness and sorrow, and has a noble and beautiful artistic conception. Metric precision, colorful Hua Mao, gloomy and tragic, profound and grand artistic conception, very exciting to read, the most typical performance of Dulu's unique style, with high artistic achievements.
The first chapter is the prelude to the whole poem, always writing the autumn sounds and colors of Wushan martial arts. Set off the poet's state of mind when he is anxious and depressed and hurts the country with the gloomy, desolate and turbulent scenery environment. Highlighted the theme of "being in Kuizhou and having a heart in Chang 'an".
Start with a pen and tell the place and time in the description of the scene. "High Jade Dew" means White Dew. In autumn, the vegetation falls and the white dew is frost. "Wushan Martial Arts" is the poet's place. The words used in the two sentences are dense and heavy, and the artistic conception is covered with "fading" and "Xiao Sen", and the atmosphere is gloomy, setting the emotional tone of the whole poem.
Then it shows the tragic scene of "Xiao Qi Sen" with antithetical sentences. "Jian Jiang" inherits "Martial Arts" and "Qiang Shang" inherits "Wushan". The waves are surging in the sky, and the clouds are cloudy in the sky. It can be seen that the waves between the whole world are extremely gloomy and gloomy. The Yangtze River is rolling in, choppy and turned upside down. This is the real scene in front of us. "Trapped in the storm" not only describes the scenery, but also contains current events. At that time, Tubo invaded, the border was tight, and there were dark clouds everywhere. In the description of this scene, the poet and the current situation are in a turbulent situation, as well as the author's ups and downs of anxiety and the injustice of the aftermath. Including the late autumn in the canyon, personal life experience and the decline of the country, it is magnificent and deeply sad.
Necklace couplets have changed from continuing to describe the scenery to expressing feelings directly, that is, the autumn scenery touched the feelings of travel. Crossed with the above two sentences, "Congju" carries the sentence of "fortress" and "lone boat" carries the sentence of "river". "Another day" means the past. The autumn in Yun 'an last year and this day in Kuizhou this year were all in love with Cong Ju, so the cloud "opened for two days" and "Cong Ju opened for two days with tears", indicating that last year and this year shed tears on Cong Ju; It's a pun, which means that chrysanthemums bloom twice and tears flow twice. This was the case last year and this year, which shows the sadness of detaining Kuizhou. "Hometown Heart" is actually the heart of missing Chang 'an. The word "tie" is also a pun: the boat is alone, and the boat is tied to the shore; Thinking that Chang 'an is tied to his hometown. From Yun 'an to Kuizhou, we struggled for two years, but we didn't send a boat alone. When I saw Cong Jukai again, I couldn't help crying, and I was always worried about my hometown. The poet's poem "Guest House" also said: "Living in the south is bound to get sick every time", and "Nine Days" also said: "Bound Wan Li", which can be read. The writing here is deep and subtle, which is thought-provoking. Being in Kuizhou and caring for your hometown is the first purpose of the next seven articles.
Autumn sounds in the time series of tail narration. The west wind is cold, and the weather is bleak and cold in the evening, which means that winter is coming, and people are stepping up their efforts to make warm clothes. On the tower of Baidicheng, there was a rapid sound of anvil in the evening breeze. Baidicheng is in the east, Kuizhou is in the west, and the poet is in Kuizhou. He heard the sound of anvil pestle from Baidicheng. The sound of anvil pestle is the sound of women beating clothes when they punish cotton-padded clothes. An anvil is a stone that beats clothes. At the end of this poem, two sentences are close to the whole poem and return to the scenery. The time sequence is pushed from day to dusk, and the love of tourists is more difficult and may be born. Write down Kuizhou Gucheng here and be re-elected in one breath. Zhu Qiandu said: "The festival is autumn, the land is high city, and it is dusk. The knife ruler is bitter and cold, and the anvil is in a hurry. The last sentence is slightly 50% off. The so-called bleak bleak is really unspeakable. "
6. Introduction to the poet:
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.