According to Zhang Yanyuan's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, recorded in the Book of Fa Shu, Wang Xizhi loved it very much and decided to pass it on to future generations. Sun Zhiyong, the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi, became a monk with his nephew Wang Xiaobin. He inherited Wang Xizhi's mantle and was diligent in calligraphy. Chang Ju Yong Xin Temple has been writing Preface to Lanting Collection for 30 years. When the brush tip is worn out, throw it into the big hairpin. The capacity of each big hairpin is more than one stone, and it is filled with five big scorpions! Zhiyong once wrote more than 800 copies of Thousand-Character Works, which were distributed in various monasteries in eastern Zhejiang. Today, there are still ink marks passed down from generation to generation. When they first became monks, they both lived in Jiaxiang Temple in Huiji, which is said to be the former residence of Wang Xizhi. Later, in order to sweep Wang Xizhi's grave, he moved to Yongxin Temple and moved Wang Xizhi's tomb to the foot of Zhu Lan Mountain at 3 1 west of Shanyin County. Liang Wudi Xiao Yan, who believes in Buddhism, named his temple Yongxin Temple according to the dharma name of uncle and nephew, who is brave and wise. According to He's records, until the Tang Dynasty, the attic where Zhi Yong was in the book still existed.
Master Zhiyong lived nearly a hundred years before his death. When he died, he passed the ink of Preface to Lanting Collection to his disciples. Eloquence, commonly known as Yuan, is the great-grandson of Yuan Ang in the Liang Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and there is nothing wrong with piano, chess, painting and calligraphy. After I got the preface to Lanting Collection, I cherished it very much and kept it a secret. I dug a hidden niche on the beam of my room to store the Preface to Lanting, which is more valuable than the wisdom of the Preface to Lanting.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the wise Emperor Taizong worshipped the culture of the Southern Dynasties, especially Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. He ordered all over the world, visited and copied almost all the ink handed down by Wang Xizhi, but he didn't get the preface to Lanting Collection. Soon, Emperor Taizong learned that the ink in the Preface to Lanting might be hidden in the defense department, so he ordered the defense department to contribute to the Preface to Lanting. The debater insisted that he did read the preface to the Lanting Collection when he was young, but after decades of war, he had already disappeared. Emperor Taizong couldn't take it by force, but outwit it it, so there was a very dramatic story of "Xiao Yi took Lanting". Emperor Taizong, who came from a military family, said: "If the wise take it, they will get it." His brain trust, Shangshu Zuofu Fang, recommended him to supervise the suggestion and peace, thinking that this person is "negative and resourceful, and can be used as a substitute." Emperor Taizong summoned Xiao Yi. Xiao Yi believes that if you go public, you will definitely not get the preface to Lanting Collection, and you can only outsmart it. Please also ask Taizong to give Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi miscellaneous posts for later use. Later, Xiao Yiqiao pretended to be a scholar, wearing a yellow shirt and wide sleeves, and went with the merchant ship from Luoyang to Zhejiang to arrive at Yongxin Temple where eloquence was located.
The geographical location of Yongxin Temple is only said in the history books to be in Huiji, and the relics have long since disappeared. Only some looming clues attract us to trace back to the source.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a scholar named Sang Shichang, who recorded two poems by Xiao Yi, one was called Suyunmen East Guest House, and the other was called Leaving a Topic on Yunmen. The place "Cloud Gate" is where Yongxin Temple is located. Judging from the content of the poem, at that time, Yunmen had inconvenient transportation and dangerous terrain, surrounded by apes. Now there is a small village more than ten kilometers away from Shaoxing, with an interesting name, called "Si Qian Village". But if you go there by bus, you can see the village far away, but the temple is nowhere to be seen. Only when you enter the village can you find a small temple hidden behind the reinforced concrete building built by the villagers. The big characters on the mountain gate are eye-catching: Yunmen Ancient Temple. According to local records, yunmen temple was originally the residence of Wang Xianzhi, but it was later converted into a temple. When Lu You was young, he studied in the "Yunmen Caotang" here, and he painted the grand occasion here vividly. According to his records, yunmen temple in the Tang and Song Dynasties was very big, and it took tourists several days to visit it, and they often got lost and couldn't find the exit. But now, even though the main hall of the temple has just been restored, due to its small scale, the whole temple is only managed by old ni, and it still looks deserted. There is a clear spring next to the temple, which is said to be the "West Weir Lake" in Wang Xianzhi. Now the oldest temple is a Shijing circle in the Tang Dynasty, and old ni once hid in the attic.
According to legend, Si Qian Village once had a "pen-withdrawing tomb" and a "eloquence tower" of a wise and brave monk. If the textual research is correct, then this should be the stage for Xiao Yi to stage the live drama "Making Lanting". When Xiao Yi arrived at the temple, he pretended to appreciate the murals in the temple, deliberately attracting the debater's attention and showing his talents. He plays chess, plays the piano, plays the pot for entertainment, and occasionally meets literature and history, which makes the debater feel reunited after a long separation and promises to let Xiao Yi live in the temple. Since then, Xiao Yi has sung with debaters for many times. One day, Xiao Yi deliberately showed his Gong Gong Tu to the debater, who appreciated it because he talked about calligraphy. Xiao Yi claimed that his family studied the calligraphy of the two kings, and even when he was not at home, he took several calligraphy books of the two kings with him. After hearing this, the debater asked Xiao Yi to bring the calligraphy of the two kings the next day. The next day, Xiao Yi arrived as scheduled and took out Biography of Two Kings for eloquence. I don't know if it's a plan. In addition to his excitement, he also produced the original preface to Lanting Collection. Xiao Yi exulted in his heart, but on the surface, he deliberately said that this was Xiang Tuo, not the original. I am not eloquent, but I have doubts about this post since then. I didn't hide it like before, but put the ink of Preface to Lanting Collection on the table and mixed it with the calligraphy book brought by Xiao Yi.
Because Xiao Yi often comes to the temple and is closely related to eloquence, other monks in the temple also let their guard down. One day, Cai Bian left the temple to work in a nearby family. Xiao Yi took the opportunity to come to the temple and told the disciples of Eloquence that he had left something in Eloquence's room, so the boy opened the door. Xiao Yi took the opportunity to steal the "Lanting" and the calligraphy post borrowed by the imperial court and left the temple. When the debater came back to learn the truth, Xiao Yi had returned to Beijing with the ink of Preface to Lanting Collection.
Emperor Taizong was very happy when he got the ink of Preface to Lanting Collection, and he gave Fang a big reward. At the beginning, Emperor Taizong was very angry with the debater and refused to hand over Preface to Lanting. Later, because the debater was old, he couldn't bear to increase the punishment. After a few months, the bounty was paid and given to Yuezhou. Eloquence does not take itself into account, but creates a floating picture, which is beautiful. After being cheated, the debater fell ill in fright and died more than a year later.
The story recorded by He is very dramatic. In "Lanting Collection", He also said that the story he recorded was well-founded and came from the mouth of the eloquent disciple Su Xuan. But in fact, this legendary record is not reliable. Sang Shichang's Preface to the Lanting recorded another rumor about the Preface to the Lanting: in the last years of the rebellion, the ink of the Preface to the Lanting flowed out of the inner government, and the first middle school was obtained by monks and presented to the Chen Department of Dajianzhong. When the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, someone presented it to the King of Jin, who ignored it. Later, the monk Zhiguo borrowed a copy from Yang Guang, who did not ask for it after he acceded to the throne. After the death of Zhiguo, I got it from my disciple monk. When Emperor Taizong was the king of Qin, he saw the rubbings of Preface to Lanting, loved them very much and wanted to buy them at a high price. Later, I heard that it was from the eloquence department, so I sent Ou Yangxun to Yuezhou to get it. Wude entered Qin Gong for four years. Ten years of Zhenguan, ten books were extended to recent ministers. After the collapse of Emperor Taizong, Chu Suiliang was ordered to play "Preface to Lanting Collection", which was emphasized by the former emperor and could not stay. So the secret is in Zhaoling. This record is closer to the truth. Because Emperor Taizong, as the emperor, is unlikely to obtain Lanting by deception. Sang Shichang also quoted the Southern New Book in Lanting Kao as saying: "In the fourth year of Wude, the king of Qin gave Ou Yangxun a trick and got it, so he entered Qin. Ma Song Dao expanded two books, one is Eloquence and the other is Wang Zi. I tried to stay between my elbow socket and my armpit, and then I was buried in Zhaoling at the invitation of Chu Suiliang. " Jiang Kui, a Song Dynasty man, once debated and tended to the latter view.
Seikkala Niskala
Legend has it that after Emperor Taizong got the original ink of Preface to Lanting Collection, he cherished it very much and ordered Zhao Mo, Han Daozheng, Feng Chengsu and Zhu Gejin to extend several copies to the crown prince, kings and ministers. The Preface to Lanting Collection handed down from ancient times includes not only Feng Chengsu's manuscripts, but also the printed versions of Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang.
The story of "Xiao Yi earned Lanting" is very bizarre. It is said that as early as the period of Emperor Taizong, the famous painter Yan painted this story into a picture. It is doubtful whether this painting was really painted by Yan, because Emperor Taizong would not allow his lieutenants to spread around and paint it as a painting.
After the death of Emperor Taizong, The Preface to Lanting Collection left countless puzzles for later generations.
The first is the whereabouts of the original ink of Lanting Preface. According to the records of the Tang Dynasty, the ink of Preface to Lanting was originally buried in Zhaoling after the death of Emperor Taizong. Before his death, Emperor Taizong requested that the ink of his precious Preface to Lanting be buried with him. Another way of saying this is that Tang Gaozong listened to Chu Suiliang's suggestion and buried the ink of Preface to Lanting in Zhaoling. Zhou Yue, a poet in the Song Dynasty, had the same view. No matter which record is accurate, the ink of Preface to Lanting was originally buried in Zhaoling, and there is probably no problem. Shu Wei, a native of the Tang Dynasty, also said in Ji Ji Xian that Preface to Lanting has entered Gong Xuan Palace in Zhaoling. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Tao, a warlord separated from Guanzhong, once plundered the tombs of the Tang Dynasty, including Zhaoling. According to the history of the old Five Dynasties? Tao Wenchuan and Wen Tao obtained a large number of buried treasures and antiques, including the original ink of the famous Preface to Lanting.
After the Five Dynasties, the ink of Preface to Lanting Collection was lost. Sang Shichang's An Examination of Lanting quoted Zhang Shunmin's Album. At the end of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong, someone came to Beijing from Zhejiang with Preface to Lanting Collection and the legendary Zhinv Stone to offer sacrifices to Song Shenzong, and arrived in Taikang County to catch up with Zongshen's death, unable to make a donation, so he left the people with money and never heard from him again. This story is just a legend.
Among biographical notes handed down after the Tang Dynasty, it is said that Ou Yangxun's notes are the most authentic. Later, Ou Yangxun Linben was copied and expanded to Dingwu Army (now Zhengding, Hebei Province), and later generations named it "Dingwu Lanting". After the Song Dynasty, Ding Wu's Lanting has been cherished by the world and copied from generation to generation. However, the original stone of the Dingwu version of Lanting was lost in the war at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the 1960s, there was a world-famous Lanting dispute. Both sides, represented by Mr. Guo Moruo, think that the ink in Preface to Lanting is unreliable, and cite various materials, the most important of which is the epitaph and the epitaph of Wang unearthed in Nanjing, whose calligraphy style is completely different from that of the two kings handed down from generation to generation and other literati in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. In fact, Mr. Guo Moruo's point of view is incorrect, because he doesn't understand that the letter calligraphy written by the gentry has been in parallel with the so-called inscriptions for a long time since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and it is precisely the literati calligraphers who have opened a new era of calligraphy art in China. There is no confusion between the letters written by literati and the inscriptions written by lower-level writers, while the calligraphy handed down by Wang Xizhi and other literati writers in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties is mainly epistolary letters.
The greatest influence of Preface to Lanting Collection on China's calligraphy is that it establishes the highest aesthetic standard of China's calligraphy art, that is, moderate charm, elegant agility and simplicity; The technique is clumsy and subtle, and it is endless. And his ups and downs of life experience has also added many legends to it. Although we can't appreciate the charm of the original work today, when we step into the Palace Museum and face the famous Preface to the Lanting Pavilion copied by Feng Chengsu, we can still feel that it exudes a magical charm that is both real and illusory.