The Chinese language test paper is not difficult to say, nor easy to say, because after systematic review in the third grade of junior high school, students have basically mastered the sections of the test paper, and the question types and test items in each section are all Know it in your heart. However, Chinese language also requires methods and techniques for answering questions. Next, I have compiled content related to Chinese language learning in the third year of junior high school for everyone, let’s take a look!
Essential Chinese language answering skills and formulas for the junior high school entrance examination
(1) A certain sentence The role in the text
1. The beginning of the article: opening the topic; exaggerating the atmosphere (prose), laying the groundwork (narrative articles), setting up suspense (novel, but will not be tested in Shanghai), and providing support for the following ;Generally follow the following;
2. In the text: connect the previous to the following;Generally lead the following; summarize the above;
3. At the end of the text: point out the center (prose); deepen the theme (narrative articles) Article); anaphoric beginning (argumentative essay, narrative article, novel)
(2) The role of rhetorical devices
(1) Its own role; (2) Combining sentences context.
1. Metaphor, personification: vivid image; answer format: vividly write + object + characteristics.
2. Parallelism: imposing, strengthening the tone, cohesive, etc.; Answer format: emphasizing + object + characteristics
3; Setting questions: attracting readers’ attention and thinking; Answer format: Arouse the reader's attention and thinking about the + object + characteristics and ask questions: emphasize, strengthen the tone, etc.;
4. Contrast: Emphasized? Highlighted?
5. Repetition: Emphasized? Strengthen the tone
(3) Answers to the meaning of the sentence
For such questions, there is often a word or phrase in the sentence that uses metaphor, contrast, metonymy, symbol and other expression methods. When answering questions, reveal the objects they refer to, and then clarify the sentences.
(4) Should a word in a sentence be replaced with another line? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word is written accurately, vividly and concretely? Adjective: No. Because the word vividly describes?
Adverbs (such as all, mostly, very only, etc.): No. Because the word accurately describes the situation of ? (expressing degree, expressing limitation, expressing time, expressing scope, etc.), after changing it, it becomes ?, which is inconsistent with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
No. Because:
(1) It is inconsistent with the rules of people’s understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from appearance to interior, from phenomenon to essence).
(2) This word has a one-to-one correspondence with the above.
(3) These words are in a progressive relationship, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative articles: answer clearly (when, where) who did what.
Format: (time+place)+person+thing.
2. Explanatory articles: Answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: Description (introduction) + description object + description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative articles: Answer clearly what the discussion question is and what the author’s point of view is.
Format: What argument method is used to prove (demonstrate) + argument
(7) Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry
Expression techniques Such as the use of allusions, foil, rendering, presentation, metaphor, supporting things to express feelings, blending scenes, borrowing scenes to express emotions, combining movement and stillness, combining reality and reality, euphemism and implicitness, contrasting techniques, allegory techniques, symbolism, puns, etc. Commonly used rhetorical methods in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, metaphor, metonymy, comparison, questioning, rhetorical questioning, repetition, etc. Commonly used terms for analyzing poetic language include: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, graceful, gorgeous, implicit, simple, natural, etc. When reviewing, you should systematically summarize various expression techniques and reserve relevant knowledge. We must first understand the characteristics and functions of these expression techniques, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.
As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's views and attitudes, it includes summarizing the main purpose of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected in the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations, etc.
In short, the first step in appreciating ancient poetry is to grasp the content of the poetry. You can start from the following aspects:
1 Read the title and notes carefully;
2 Analyze the imagery;
3 Taste the artistic conception;
4 Contact the author.
The second step is to clarify the skills:
1 Grasp the characteristics of the image;
2 Analyze the expression skills;
3 Explain the role of expression .
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4Comprehensive evaluation.
When answering questions, special attention should be paid to the following points: first, stick to the requirements and not talk in general terms; second, the main points must be complete and think from multiple angles; third, carefully consider the wording and strive to be accurate, concise, and specification.
"Differentiation of easily confused terms
(1) Distinguishing between "methods and techniques"
Artistic techniques, also called expression skills, include:
① Expression methods: narration, description, lyricism, discussion, explanation ② Expression techniques: rise, association, foil, circumference, anaphora, side, symbol, contrast, from reality to fiction, combination of fiction and reality, use of allusions, Express one's feelings directly, borrow scenes to express emotions, embody emotions in scenes, blend scenes, express ambitions through objects, use the past to satirize the present, turn movement into stillness, combine movement and stillness, see the big from the small, and get straight to the point. ③ Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, antithesis, Contrast, comparison, parallelism, question, rhetorical question, quotation, irony, repetition.
(2) The difference between "emotion" and "scenery"
Borrowing scenes to express emotions and embedding emotions in scenes. , Scene blending is where the poet expresses the feelings he wants to express through the scenery. "Leveraging scenery to express emotions" expresses feelings more directly. After reading the poem, the feeling is that "emotion" is not seen in "scenery"; "emotions are embodied in scenery" and "scenery" "Blending". There is not a word on the front when expressing feelings. After reading the poem, I feel that I can see the "scenery" but not the "emotion". However, after careful analysis, I found that the poet's emotions are all contained in the natural scenery in front of me. All the scenery and words are emotions. Language.
(3) Angle of description
Common angles are: shape, sound, color, state, and taste. "Shape" and "color" are visual angles; " is the auditory perspective; "state" is divided into dynamic and static; "taste" is the tactile perspective. Three tips for winning in Chinese language exams 1. Review the questions carefully: think more about what the questions ask you to answer (content) and how to answer (form) , read the general questions once or twice, and the difficult questions three or four times; 2. Make good use of the draft: the purpose of using the draft is to revise it repeatedly and strive for perfection. 3. Write carefully: neat and standard, clear at a glance; clear and beautiful, hundreds of times. I can’t get enough of it. Chinese reading analysis Common nouns 1. Expression methods: narrative, description, lyricism, discussion, explanation 2. Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, repetition, metonymy, rhetorical question, question, quotation, comparison 3. Expository text Categories: 1. Explanatory essays on physical objects, explanatory essays on affairs, and explanatory essays on procedures
2. Explanatory essays on scientific and technological aspects, and literary expository essays (also called scientific sketches or knowledge sketches) 4. Explanation sequence: 1. Time sequence: historical sequence, Chronological order, the order of the alternation of four seasons, morning and evening (sequential) order
2. Spatial order: pay attention to the nouns indicating the position 3. Logical order: first total and then divided, from primary to secondary, from outside to inside, from From simplicity to complexity, from here to there, from particularity to generality, from phenomenon to essence, etc.
5. Explanation methods: Listing numbers, making comparisons, giving examples, making analogies, classifying, making explanations, defining, making charts, and quoting data. There are two main ways of explanation: plain explanation and vivid explanation. 6. Language characteristics of expository text: vivid (interesting) nature), accuracy (scientific nature) 7. The order of narrative: forward narration, flashback, interlude (retrospective narration) 8. Classification of prose: lyrical prose and narrative prose 9. Characteristics of prose: form is scattered but spirit is not scattered
10. The three elements of a novel: characters, plot and environment 11. The structure of a novel: beginning, development, climax, ending (some have a prologue before and an epilogue after) 12. Description method: 1. General introduction and specific description;
2. Portrait (appearance) description, behavior description, demeanor description, language description, psychological description; 3. Frontal description and side contrast 4. Environmental description in the novel: nature Environment, social environment 13. Categories of argumentative essays: argumentation, refutation ” 3. Argument: Solve “how to prove”
15. Argumentative essay structure 1. Introduction: raise the question 2. Thesis: analyze the problem 3. Conclusion: solve the problem
16. Types of arguments: factual arguments and logical arguments
17. Common argumentation methods: 1. The most basic argumentation method: presenting facts and reasoning 2. Commonly used argumentation methods: demonstrating with examples and reasoning , citation argument (such as quoting stories is an example argument, such as quoting famous quotes is a theoretical argument), comparative argument, metaphor argument, analogy argument (often with words such as "same" and "such as")
Eighteen , common writing methods and expression techniques: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, foil, foil, contrast, suppress first and then increase, see the big from the small, express ambition by supporting things, borrow metaphors from things, embody principles in things, borrow metaphors from things People and objects express emotions, borrow scenes to express emotions, and scenes blend together
19. The role of sentences in the structure of the article: They always play a role in the whole text, lead to the following, lay the foundation, foreshadow, connect the previous and the following (transition), and refer to the previous and the following. , echo from beginning to end, summarize the full text, highlight topics, and promote plot development. 20. The role of sentences in expressing emotions: exaggerating the atmosphere, highlighting the character's image (or character's emotions), highlighting the center (revealing the main idea), highlighting the theme (deepening the center)< /p>