The first mode: artistic conception analysis
1, Question: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
2. Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
3. Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm composed of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. It includes three aspects: scene, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
4. Answer steps:
① Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, we should be faithful to the original poem, and recreate it with our own association and imagination, so as to make the language beautiful.
(2) Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as loneliness and cold, tranquility and beauty, magnificence and bleakness. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer only "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also why "sentimental". Sample answer 1:
Li Hua, improvising in the spring
At the gate of Yiyang, the grass grows and the warbler flies, and the water flows from east to west. There are no flowers on the tree, and birds are singing all the way to Chunshan.
When it comes to poetry creation, the ancients once said: "Poetry is not just about writing feelings, but also about writing scenery." Please appreciate this poem from the perspective of scenery and emotion.
[Reference Answer] This poem describes what the author saw and heard during his "spring outing": there are grass and water, trees and mountains, flowers and birds, which can be described as a scene, and each painting has its own characteristics (step 1). However, this poem is not pure scenery, but full of emotions and scenes (step 2). The scenes of "flowers falling to the ground" and "birds singing in the air" are all shown in the poem.
Youbeiyue Song Chenghao
Wandering in the north bank of the moon, there is a platform 100 feet high in the north. Everything changed with the weather in autumn, and it was cool at night. The clouds in Shui Xin are shining leisurely, and the springs under the forest are quiet. There is no reason to plan things, but everything is fine and economical.
(1) What artistic conception does this poem create, and what emotions does the poet show? Please analyze the content of this poem. (3 points)
[Reference Answer] The poet wrote about a 100-foot-high platform, beautiful moonlight, Woods and the sound of spring, (1) creating a quiet (or quiet, quiet, etc. ) and expressed the poet's leisurely (or quiet and comfortable) mood (1).
(2) What does the poem "Spring comes quietly under the forest" express? Please analyze its effect? (3 points) [Reference answer] Contrast (writing action, silent voice) (1 point). The murmur of the spring highlights the silence of the moonlit night. (2 points)
The second pattern analysis skill type
1 Question: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the expression (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How does the poet express his feelings? What's the effect?
3 solution analysis: expression is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expressions. 4 steps to answer questions:
(1) Accurately point out the technology used.
(2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings. Example 1:
Li Bai climbed Yueyang Tower with the twelfth summer.
Yueyang Tower is full of scenery, and the cave is wide open. Wild geese lead sorrow away, while mountains hold the moon. How can the clouds stay? The cup holds the sky. Drunk, cool breeze blowing gently, blowing people dancing sleeves back.
This paper briefly analyzes the artistic expression techniques adopted in the third joint "Stay in the Clouds, Have a Cup in the Sky". [Reference Answer] The third part uses exaggeration (the first step) to write the towering situation of Yueyang Tower. At the same time, these two poems imagine magic, taking a couch in the cloud and a cup in the sky (step 2), and writing the poet's scene as if he had died in a fairyland (step 3).
Example 2:
Drunk, Yong Lian [Qing] Chen Weisong
The cold mountain is blocked, the wind is low, and the Central Plains Road is broken. The sky in autumn is green, and there is nothing like it today. I was drunk and naked, so I wrote down the paging station. Who is this man betting on to win? How many idle foxes and rabbits in the world will get angry when they get old? The moon is black and the sand is yellow, so I miss you at the moment. [Note] ① Blocking: Blocking; ② Cut the Central Plains Road: Describe the eagle flying over; 3 Xuanju: Flying with high spirits. (1) What expression was used to describe the eagle in the first movie of this word? Please analyze it briefly.
[Reference Answer] ① The technique of setting off is the main method. ② The image of the eagle is set off by the cold mountain standing on the wall, the empty earth and the clear autumn sky. It is also right to answer "foil" as "foil". (2) Combine the next sentence and analyze what thoughts and feelings the poet expressed. [Reference Answer] ① "Who did the man gamble with?" "When you get old, you will be angry, but you will still be proud of yourself." 2 "There are many idle foxes and rabbits in the world, and the moon is black and yellow, and I miss you at this moment", expressing my ambition to display my ambition and make achievements.
The third mode analyzes language features.
1 Question: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: please analyze the language style of this poem and talk about the language art of this poem.
3 solution analysis: this question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style shown by the whole poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and fluent, talkative, euphemistic, unrestrained, graceful, concise and vivid? 4 answering steps:
(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out language features.
(2) Analyze this feature in detail in combination with related sentences in the poem. (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed. Example 1:
Du fu in jiangcun
Qingjiang is a song that embraces the village. Everything in Longxiajiang Village is quiet. Since I left, I have come to Liang, and I am very close to seagulls in the water. The wife draws paper as chess, and the younger son knocks the needle as a hook. But having dinner with an old friend, what else can I ask for? Please briefly analyze the outstanding linguistic features of this poem.
[Reference Answer] Fresh, natural and simple (the first step), the Qingjiang River, the beams and the gulls in the water constitute a quiet and elegant natural pastoral scenery; The old lady painted paper for the infatuation and innocence of chess, looking cute; The innocence and cuteness of children knocking needles as fishhooks (step 2). Without carving, nature is interesting and life is full of meaning (step 3).
The fourth mode of font refining
1 Question: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? 2 question variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?
3 solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry. This type of question is the beauty of tasting these refined words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem. 4 steps to answer questions:
(1) Explain the meaning of this word in the sentence.
(2) Expand the association, put the words into the original sentence and describe the scene.
(3) point out what artistic conception the word sets off, or what feelings it expresses. Example 1:
Pei Di Huazigang
The sun is setting, the breeze is blowing, and the grass is exposed at home. Cloud light invades the track, and mountains and green flowers brush people's clothes.
Please talk about the beauty of the words "invasion" and "stroke"
[Reference Answer] The word "invasion" describes the gradual fading process of the sunset (the first step) and shows the vivid scene of the poet descending the mountain step by step in the sunset (the second step). The word "strokes" uses anthropomorphic techniques to enhance the sense of movement (the first step), and also makes people want to see green and lovely mountains (the second step). These two verbs describe Guang Yun Cui Shan's nostalgia for the poet.
Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country
Breeze rippling on the grass bank, through the night, on my still mast, the stars tilt down from the open place, and the moon flows along the river. If my art can bring me fame, I will release my sick old man from the office! Flying around, flying around, what am I like, just a sandpiper in the vast world! .
Q: A brief analysis of the beauty of the use of the function words "qi" and "ying" in the third installment of One Night Abroad. [Reference Answer] "If only my art could bring me fame and free me from the office in my sick old age!" Where is my (my) reputation famous for that article? The official position (of mine) should really retire, because I am old and sick. (Step 2) The poet was originally conceited about his poems, but the word "Jue" expressed his inner resentment. The poet originally wanted to make contributions, but the word "Jue Jue" was used in the opposite direction, expressing the helplessness of being excluded and dismissed from office. " Jue "Jue" should "
Ge Xiyi Wang Anshi
When the moon is weak, a beam of light shines on the autumn bed. When I was sick, I felt the wind was early, but I didn't know how long the mountains and rivers were. Sitting down, I feel that the song is very generous. Looking at the sky and the ground, the cicada song is even more confusing, and the tung leaves are half yellow. (1) The first section of this poem depicts a picture. Please draw up a subtitle for this picture. (2 points) [Reference answer]
② The poet's mood is reflected in the word "chaos". How is the whole poem expressed? Please analyze it briefly. (6 points) [reference answer] This poem takes "chaos" as the poetic eye, and the scene blends with the scene, expressing the poet's thoughts about home and country. The first couplet used the waning moon, dripping water and dim light to secretly write poems, which upset people. Couplets directly write about physical illness, travel difficulties and homesickness, and point out some reasons for "chaos" in order to further develop.
Example 4:
Xi Lin ting Jing Xi
I rest in clear autumn, and I am still in Xiting at dusk. At the beginning of the month, the trees are tall and white, and the breeze is half awake. I sprouted leaves alone and sat around counting fireflies. Where does the fishing song begin? A solitary lamp is separated by a distant pavilion.
(1) What time-varying images did the poet use to express his feelings? (2 points) [Reference Answer] Use the two images of "sunset" or "sunset" and "white at the beginning of the month" or the rising of the bright moon to express the time change from dusk to the rising of the bright moon, and express the author's lonely feelings. (2) Please comment on the artistic effect of the word "wear" and "number" in the third part of the poem. (4 points)
[Reference Answer] The word "wear" in the sentence "wear fallen leaves alone, sit idly and count fireflies" describes the loneliness of walking through rustling fallen leaves without company. Sitting alone is boring, and the word "number" shows the protagonist's action attitude, and even shows the loneliness of idleness and boredom.
The fifth mode is full of poetry.
1 Question: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
2 answer analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. The emotional tone and thought of the whole poem, grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem 3 answering steps:
The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea.
(2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry. Example 1:
One spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the flute and Li Bai's Yu Di sneaking in, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles. Who can't help homesick when they hear the willows in this serenade?
The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why? [Reference Answer] "Folding willow" means "parting", and the theme of the poem is homesickness (the first step). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow" (step 2). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. Example 2:
Jiangyin Fuyuantang Dai Fugu
Looking down on the great river from Yokooka, Wan Li is sad in front of the hall. The most bitter thing is that there is no mountain to cover my eyes. Huainan has the best scenery in China.
[Note] Dai Fugu was a poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
According to the predecessors, "the most bitter thing is that there is no mountain to cover your eyes" is the most expressive in this poem. What do you think of this? Please analyze it briefly. [Reference Answer] When the author of this poem boarded Fuyuan Hall in Jiangyin and looked at the Central Plains, the sadness and pain caused by the fall of the country. The most bitter thing is that there is no mountain to cover his eyes. This sentence is the strongest and most concentrated (the first step). This sentence is a kind of abnormal psychology that people want to overlook when climbing mountains. It is written in different ways. Through the poet's ambivalence of watching, he could not bear to watch, but dared not, which fully expressed the national humiliation.
Mountaineering is the quality of a king.
There are clouds floating in the blue sky, which means sunny day. The clothes were wet by the rain and the sleeves were cleared by the wind. At sunrise, magpies are noisy and seagulls are flat. The mountains were silent. I woke up for three days.
[Note] ①: A kind of aquatic plants. Ché ng, being delirious after drinking is like being ill, which means being depressed in the poem.
(1) What rhetorical devices are used in the first couplet of the poem? How does it direct the whole poem? (3 points)
[Reference Answer] Anthropomorphic technique (1 min). It begins with "cloudy to sunny" in the first couplet, and writes "lotus rain" and "wet" in the couplet-it begins to rain; The neckline says "Sunrise"-the sun is out again. (2 points, reasonable). (2) What are the characteristics of the scenery described by the neckline? What kind of mood does it show the poet? (3 points)
[Reference Answer] Express the joy of "sunrise" with the sound of magpies; When it rains, the waves are as smooth as a mirror, and the gulls in love the water enjoy themselves. They are vivid and interesting (2 points). The poet is cheerful and refreshed (65,438+0 points, if the meaning is right, you can give points).
The sixth mode is emotion and theme.
1. Q: What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed? What is the theme of this poem? 2. Question variation: What kind of social reality does this poem reflect? What kind of interest does this poem show? Or ask questions in combination with artistic conception or in connection with a sentence. 3. Answer steps:
(1) What is written in each sentence (or related sentence) of the poem? (2) What expression skills are used? (3) What emotions are expressed?
Sample answer 1:
Nankezi Rebecca
The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Some branches are bright, wet and red. Don't feel sorry for Dongfeng just because you cherish flowers. Flowers are rising in the morning and ditches are everywhere. Hard work on earth is a problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
【 Note 】 ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refer to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.
Try to analyze the content of Xiaque's ci and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in his ci.
[Reference Answer] Describe the hard-working life of farmers and lament that "hard work on earth is three rural issues". The first step (skipping the second step because there is no special expression skill) expresses the farmers' desire for good weather and abundant crops. (Step 3) Answer Example 2:
Bai Juyi is homesick from winter to day in Handan.
Every winter solstice in Handan post office, I sit in front of the lamp with my knees around me. If I want to sit at home late at night, I should also talk about travelers.
[Note] Winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty. (2) How did the author write Homesickness?
Late at night from the winter solstice, family members are still sitting around the lamp, talking about their identity as travelers. (Step 1) The author mainly expresses "homesickness" through this imaginary picture. (Step 2) The topic of Step 3 has explained emotions. (Imagination 1, picture description 2 points)?
The seventh evaluation problem model
1 title: the evaluation title is to list one or several poems first, and then quote a comment on the characteristics of poems by ancient poetry critics or later generations. You are required to judge whether this comment is correct or reasonable before explaining the reasons. This kind of question is similar to the judgment and reasoning question in the political history exam. In fact, this kind of question is only a variation of the first six kinds of questions, and there is no direct question. Students need to analyze whether they are asking about content, theme or expression skills.
(2) Read and understand poetry deeply.
(3) Answer questions in combination with poems and comments.
4 attention to answering questions: closely follow the content of poetry and analyze it from point to area; When explaining the reasons, comment closely on the key words and answer the questions.
Chibi Du Mu
The halberd sank into the sea, and the iron and blood were washed away, and the power was recognized. If Dongfeng doesn't agree with Zhou Lang, Tongque Taichun will lock Er Qiao. Someone once quoted "seeing the world in a grain of sand, saying human feelings in a half-petal flower" to summarize the artistic characteristics of this poem. Do you agree with this view? Please briefly explain.
[Analysis] This is a typical poem evaluation question. The original intention of the poem is very clear, but the proposer borrows a western poem to summarize its artistic characteristics, and his thinking should be slightly turned when answering. The so-called "a grain of sand sees the world, and a half-petal flower says human feelings" is the way to see the leopard from a small perspective. This paper uses unearthed cultural relics-Duanji and Er Qiao, the two daughters of Wu State, to show the political situation in the Three Kingdoms period.
This is an epic poem, which expresses the feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said that the content is big and the theme is big, but the poet expresses it through "small things" and "small things". The poem is a small cultural relic "Broken Ji", which is associated with the turbulent era of the Han Dynasty. The hero in the Chibi War can be said to be "seeing the world in a grain of sand".
The eighth mode comparison and evaluation questions
1 Question: Give two or more poems and ask students to read them in comparison, and then analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences.
(1) Read through these poems and master their ideological content and main writing methods, including the background knowledge of the writers' works. (2) Seek the differences of poetry from the perspective of comparison (ideological content, feelings, artistic techniques, writing methods, rhetorical methods, etc.). ) in the stalk.
(3) pay attention to the combination of point and surface, both overall analysis and specific analysis. Pay attention to clear organization and distinct levels when expressing. Answer example:
Du Mu, a title of Qi 'an County, China.
On the bridge of Erji Sunset Creek, half a ray of light smoke is in the willow shadow. How many green lotus flowers hate each other, look back at the west wind for a while.
Yang Wanli on the lotus pond at dusk
The grass shook its head and thanked Nong, and the shawl stopped a west wind. At dusk, the lotus is still sad, and its low face is hidden in a blue umbrella. What expressive techniques are used in these two poems to describe the image of "lotus"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics of "harmony" in the two poems and make a brief analysis. (4 points)
[Analysis] There are two problems with the topic. The first question asks about the similarities in expression techniques, and you don't need to analyze them. You can just write expression techniques. Of course, if you specify them, that's right. The second question requires an analysis of the emotional differences expressed in these two poems, so when answering questions, you should answer these two aspects according to the emotional theme mode.
[answer reference]? It's all anthropomorphic expressions. In the previous song "Violet", there is a song "Hate" and a song "Back to the West Wind". (the first step) contains the poet's hatred, shows the feeling of sadness and injustice, and uses a low tone of sadness and resentment. (Step 2) The "Lotus" in the latter song is blown by the west wind and hidden in the lotus leaf, which seems to be "worried about heat", but it is actually shy. The first step shows the author's love.
[Special Tip] No matter what kind of questions you answer, you should try to involve the relevant content, expression skills and theme of the poem. For example, the answer to the fifth mode already contains the content and theme. If you add "the pun rhetoric of' folding willow' refers to both the heard folding willow songs and the life scenes of folding willow in real life", it will be foolproof.