(A) New Year's words cherish time
(1) For individuals, year-end inventory is actually a measure of the profit and loss between time expenditure and work harvest. The expenses are the same, but the gains are quite different. Tearing off the last calendar, the past can no longer be chased, and I feel that time is the scarcest resource and the most expensive consumption. Therefore, cherishing time is the most important thing.
(2) It is easy for people to overlook the value of a day. Based on the average life expectancy of more than 70 years, excluding childish and young years, the time available for work has been reduced by less than half. Su Dongpo said that he was "half asleep". Although it is somewhat exaggerated, there is always one third. Seven buckles and eight buckles, time is running out. Even so, if you work hard, the efficiency of time can be improved. Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, was imprisoned and imprisoned, but he finished the Historical Records with a sleepless night, which was called "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme" by later generations. Time in nature is just a cycle of sunrise and sunset, with four seasons changing. But because of people's different attitudes, time shows a strange relativity. There is a good contrast here: when you feel that time disappears like lightning, then you are mostly trying; When you feel that time crawls like a snail, you are mostly idle. So some people say that the best way to experience time is to be idle; The best way to feel that time flies is to be busy.
(3) Some people idle away their time without knowing it, and sometimes they live comfortably. They always want to talk about it tomorrow and next year. They thought Russell, 94, could still write a book, Bernard Shaw, 92, was still writing a script, Goethe, 83, had just finished writing Faust, and Feng Youlan, 80-year-old, was still compiling the History of China Philosophy. It's not too late, it's all in time. This idea seems reasonable. However, let alone whether most people can live to 80 years old, even if they can, it is doubtful whether they have the extraordinary brain power and energy of the above-mentioned Weng. Many friends have some big plans for the future, but they are not busy at present. Nine times out of ten, these future plans will fail.
(4) There is more than one factor for success. Talent, opportunity, health and so on are all important, but the effective use of time is the decisive factor to give full play to all favorable conditions. People who are reluctant to give up every minute, even if their talents are not so good, their opportunities are not so clever and their health is not so wonderful, may not be unable to succeed. People who are deaf can become great musicians; People without arms can write beautiful calligraphy with their feet ... Obviously, they are natural champions in the race against time. Cherish time, time will give you unexpected gifts; On the contrary, time will rudely make talent, opportunity and health meaningless.
(5) Time goes by and the teeth are long. I think there were too many things I wanted to do last year, and I think there are too many things to do next year, so I need to squeeze in more time. I can't help but think of Comrade Mao Zedong's meaningful poem: "How many things are never in a hurry; Heaven and earth turn, and time waits for no one. Ten thousand years is too long to seize the day. "
(1) [Russell] a famous British philosopher. Bernard Shaw is a famous Irish writer. Goethe is a famous German poet and playwright. Feng Youlan is a famous philosopher in China.
② [mà odié] generally refers to old age. Cave refers to eighty or ninety years old; When you are 70 or 80 years old.
(3) Age of [Year Tooth].
1, the point is.
2. In paragraph (2), the author said "seven buckles and eight buckles". This "buckle" is,
、 。
Read paragraphs (2) and (3) and tell me from which two aspects the author expounded his views.
Paragraph (2):
Paragraph (3):
4. "Cherish time, time will give you unexpected gifts" is a conclusion in paragraph (4). Explain the process of this conclusion in connection with paragraph (4).
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(B) painful games
Luo Xiaojun
At a friend's party, a friend who was attending a psychological counseling training class offered to play a game with everyone. He gave everyone a piece of paper and asked them to write down five things that they thought were the most precious, such as life, love and friends. Finally, he repeatedly stressed that everyone must take it seriously.
I thought it over carefully and wrote it on the paper: husband, daughter, happiness, satisfaction, parents. At this time, this friend asked everyone to consider giving up one of them. I crossed out "satisfaction" lightly. My "satisfaction" is actually synonymous with "successful career". The education I received from childhood told me that mediocrity is sad. Therefore, although I am only a middle school teacher, I still hope to start from small things and make some achievements in ordinary work. However, "satisfaction" at work is not the whole of my life. Even though I am mediocre at work, at least I still have my family and happiness. How important they are to me ... Even so comforting, I am still vaguely depressed-after all, I am not a mediocre person. I'm beginning to think this is not an interesting game.
Next, my friend asked everyone to give up two of the remaining four pieces. I am at a loss, and it seems impossible to give up any one. I asked: Can the game be over? The friend said, which line is that? How can you give up halfway? Give up what one loves very reluctantly. Really, my heart is so painful and contradictory. After crossing out "happiness", I crossed out "parents" with guilt and guilt. Dear mom and dad, if you read this article, please forgive your daughter. After all, you are bound to leave before us.
However, the game is not over yet! My friend asked everyone to cross out one of the only two and keep the last one. This is really cruel! My husband and daughter, how can I give up either of them! My husband, the closest partner in my life, guides me when I am confused and helps me solve problems when I am frustrated. I can't live without him! And my nine-month-old daughter, who has gathered all my hope spirits, her silly smiling face and her unscrupulous crying are deeply involved in my heart, and I can't live without her! If I have to choose which one to give up, let me give up myself first.
The game is over. My friend told the practical significance of this game from a psychological point of view, but my mind was blank. It turns out that all kinds of love in my life are far more important in my heart than I thought. My family, my career and my happy mood are so important to me! Even if it's just an imaginary "giving up", it still makes me feel painful and heavy.
A game participant muttered: What a boring game! I looked at him, no, my friend! This is the most meaningful game I have ever participated in. Let's love it more sincerely and cherish it while we still have it!
1. Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the text.
(1) The five most precious things written by the author on a piece of paper can be divided into three categories: my happy mood.
(2) What this article describes is just a game. Although it is only an imaginary abandonment, the author feels painful and heavy because she treats it with it.
2. Why does the author feel sorry and guilty when he crosses out "parents"?
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3. How do underlined sentences express the author's feelings?
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4. The game is painful. Why does the author think it is "the most meaningful game I have ever participated in"?
3) Music partner
Zhang Kangkang
Music has an age.
Music may have been a nanny when we were young. Melody composition is simple and naive, but every note is soothing, soft, gentle and simple. The rhythm is like a cradle. In the swaying songs, our joints are expanding and growing inch by inch, but we can't tell the difference between nanny and music, and we can't tell how they perform their duties and are masters of each other.
When I was a teenager, the light footsteps of music were the first lovers we admired quietly. We met it in the middle of the night and listened to it talk and call. Every tiny detail in music, even a small vibrato, will make our hearts thump. That kind of happiness is innocent. No matter what kind of music will make us happy. But unfortunately, we were still too young at that time, and we liked it in our hearts, but we couldn't decompose and distinguish its real mystery.
When we become calm and mature young people, the music floating in the air gradually settles down. At that time, we began to think about music, try to read and understand, and try to talk to music. The notes become three-dimensional, and tend to radiate and expand, hiding the sounds that you can or can't hear. Music is no longer just an emotion, but has concrete and concrete content, becoming a visual and perceptible language and thought, and even a philosophy. You find that the music world is actually an unfathomable tunnel, with abstract notes hanging on the inner wall, which cannot be copied. Often when you open your mouth or make it into music, they have disappeared. You can only brand your mind and polish it over and over again into the sound of blood flowing in your body.
Middle-aged people who are obsessed with trivia and secularism are in a hurry, and music has become a luxury in life, often purely a kind of entertainment and leisure. At that time, Le was a bit like an old lover who had broken up for many years, but in boring days, she occasionally made up her mind to arrange a polite and restrained date. A little dispensable, but not willing to really break the string. In the sad music, there is still a vague sense of happiness after revisiting the lingering feelings of the past.
Music for the elderly, if not sensory numbness is no longer needed, it must be completely and resolutely eliminated. An old man without music may be dull or gloomy, but perhaps it is precisely because his heart is full and moist that he does not need to rely on the watering of music. When people get old, their choice of music becomes very picky. If you like music, it must be the echo of your own soul and truly belong to you. All music in the world is unpleasant noise except what I think. Therefore, the music of the elderly, because it excludes the noise of utility, has a quiet and transparent texture in a natural and indifferent state of mind. When people come to the end of their lives, music is no longer a nanny or lover, philosopher or god, but just a loyal life partner.
Therefore, music is extremely extensive and inclusive. Music cannot be defined. Different music can be shared by music lovers and fans of every age. Music has no age. Classical or modern, serious or popular, there is no absolute category for the audience. In moving music, we often get lost or even misplaced, but music is tolerant and generous. It knows the echo it can arouse in people's hearts, which is the only criterion of "like".
The music is just a little vague. It is invisible, invisible, intangible and tasteless. It is a kind of lost time, a kind of memory solidified by music. Music is absorbed into people's hearts, naturally passed down at all stages of life, and music becomes eternal.
Music has an age. The author uses different metaphors to describe the feelings of music in different times. Find the corresponding metaphor according to the following tips.
Childhood:
Teenagers:
Old age:
2. "Music is extremely broad and inclusive", and the specific meaning of "inclusiveness" here is:
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The author began to say that "music has an age", and later said that "music actually has no age". Do you think these two statements contradict each other? Why?
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4. Why does the author think that music "is no longer just an emotion, but has concrete and concrete content, becoming a tangible language and thought, even a philosophy"? Please compare and analyze the full text.
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5. "Music is a kind of lost time, a kind of memory solidified by music." In this sentence, the author uses metaphor to express her feelings about music. Please analyze the beauty of this expression in detail.
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(d) Reading poetry and understanding the law.
Lin Xiu
Almost all young people like reading poetry. Pick some interesting songs, such as drinking water, three times five divided by two, and tutting to quench your thirst. This is a way of reading. There are also some people, such as Ouyang Xiu and Su Dongpo in ancient times, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in modern times, and Qian Zhongshu and Cheng in contemporary times, who all read poetry when they were young. "Reading poetry under the lamp has both taste and sweetness", such as drinking tea, sipping slowly, tasting its taste and grasping its essence with the tongue, is also a reading method. Compared with the former, the latter can not only know the mystery, but also know the mystery Therefore, some critics call these two reading methods appreciation and appreciation respectively.
2 knowing the law means knowing the law. Take poetry as an example, such as Du Fu's "Two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets soaring into the sky". Appreciators can write thousands of words in their articles, saying how beautiful the artistic conception of the poems is and how touching the poems are, which may enlighten readers, but if readers really want to understand these two poems, they still need to teach people how to use them. If we don't talk about it, the readers of poetry are such people before reading it, and they are still such people after reading it, even if they read it for nothing. Here "two orioles" are two points, and "a row of egrets" is a line. The scenery in spring is full of miracles, and everything is beautiful. Du Fu can't write completely. He chose two points and one line. This is a common method of dotted line management in poetry planning, which is called "dotted line management method". In this way, if we can understand Wang Zhihuan's "Mountains cover the daytime and the sea drains the golden river" in the Tang Dynasty, the "daytime" is like a point falling from the top, and the "Yellow River" is like a line from west to east, then we can fully understand it.
Fourteen years ago, I discussed Zhang Hu's Gong Ci with several female middle school students. The poem reads: "A maid-in-waiting has been away from home for 20 years. He Manzi, see how she tries to hold back her tears. " At that time, they were arguing whether the poem was about the sadness of the servant girl or the author's sympathy for the servant girl. I expressed my opinion. In my opinion, writing the sadness of the maid-in-waiting so successfully is a successful expression of the author's deep sympathy for the maid-in-waiting This little poem can let us learn a lot. For example, "A Thousand Miles from Home" is a long-length writing, and "A maid-in-waiting has lived here for twenty years" is a long-length writing. This is the "time and space management law". The heavy sadness of a maid-in-waiting needs no words, but is expressed in a space and a time. If we use other methods to describe the description, how can it be simple and exquisite?
It's not easy to read poetry and know the law, but it's not difficult as long as there is a good book or a teacher's guidance. First of all, we should read and deeply understand famous poems and consciously read and think more. Secondly, we should know how to live. If you learn a method, you will stick to it. If you learn a word, you will not achieve mastery. After all, it is inevitable to learn to be an official and sail against the current. Zhu in the Song Dynasty: "The way to read is to recognize its outer shell and its inner bone marrow." This clearly shows the relationship between reading poetry and knowing the law.
1, read paragraph ① ② carefully and summarize the meaning of adding the words "appreciation" and "appreciation".
appreciate
Appreciate
2. "Dong Shi Xiao Xiao" is about a beautiful beauty frowning because of illness. The ugly neighbor Dong Shi thought it was beautiful when she saw it. She frowned when she studied Xi, which made her look even uglier. Now it is often used to describe random imitation, and the effect is very bad. What is the specific meaning of "learning from others" in paragraph (4) of this article?
A: The specific meaning is.
3. "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river" uses the "point-and-line management method" which is common in poetry creation. One of the following poems uses this method: ................................................... ().
A: However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor. But now I remember that night, that storm, and I wonder how many flowers were broken.
C. the desert is lonely and straight. Long rivers make yen. After three months of war, a piece of news from home is better than a ton of gold.
4. What is the main sentence of the full text? (Answer with sentences in the text)
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5. The author thinks: "If you don't talk about one method, the poet is such a person before reading, and he is still such a person after reading, even if he reads it, he will read it for nothing." Do you agree with this view? Please briefly explain the reasons.
(5) Always think about one or two things.
When I think of Hawking, I see the eternal deep eyes and quiet smile of this outstanding master of science. The world admires Hawking not only because he is a hero of wisdom, but also because he is a fighter of life.
Once, at the end of the academic report, a young female reporter jumped onto the podium. Facing this great scientist who has been living in a wheelchair for more than 30 years, she was deeply admired and asked sympathetically: ""
(3) This question is obviously abrupt and sharp, and the lecture hall suddenly fell silent.
(4) Hawking's face is still full of quiet smile. He tapped the keyboard with his fingers that were still moving. So, with the standard London accent issued by the synthesizer, the following words are slowly but conspicuously displayed on the huge projection screen: my fingers can still move, my brain can still think, I have the ideal I have pursued all my life, and I love my relatives and friends; By the way, I still have a grateful heart. ...
After the inner tremor, the applause thundered. People flocked to the stage and gathered around this extraordinary scientist to pay sincere respect to him.
What deeply touched people was not his sufferings, but his firmness, optimism and courage when facing them directly. Life is like flowers blooming and falling, and the tide rises and falls. There are gains and losses, and there are pains and joys. If anyone always thinks that he has lost too much and is always tortured by this idea, then who is the most unfortunate person.
All landowners from this, I can't help but think of the motto "I often think about one or two things".
Yu Youren, a veteran of the Republic of China and a famous calligrapher, experienced ups and downs, but remained indifferent all his life. Friends often ask him how to live long and healthy. He always points to the calligraphy and painting hanging on the living room wall and laughs without a word.
Pet-name ruby that is a freehand brushwork of lotus, next to a couplet. Part I: Don't think about 89; Bottom line: I often think about one or two things; Horizontal batch: Ruyi.
As the saying goes, life is often unsatisfactory. If the mind is servile to things, it will only be suffocated by pessimism and despair, and the road of life is doomed to be like climbing a mountain with heavy load. Thinking about one or two things often means being grateful, grateful and cherished for the wishful thinking in life, and finally resolving and transcending suffering with that openness and persistence.
⑾ Always think a thing or two. Because the situation is born of the mind-the problem itself is not a problem, but how to treat it is the biggest problem.
Always thinking about one or two things. After all, it is not 1989 that determines the nature of life and shapes the realm of life, but 1989.
1, Hawking's "I often think about one or two things" refers to
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2. Considering the context, please imagine what should be filled in the blank space in paragraph (2) and write it on the horizontal line below.
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What exactly does the author mean by "thinking about one or two things often" in the article?
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In China, there are many people like Hawking who can keep a positive attitude in the face of suffering, and their deeds are very touching. Please give an example and give a brief introduction from characters experience, attitude towards life, etc.
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Honesty is a valuable quality.
(1) In June 2002, a reporter from a well-known TV station interviewed Mr. Ding Zhaozhong, a world-famous experimental physicist. The reporter asked: "I feel that you have clear choices at every stage of your life ... how can a person be so firm and correct in every choice?" Ding Zhaozhong replied, "I don't know. Maybe it's good luck! " The reporter asked again: "Is this unnecessary?" Ding Zhaozhong still replied, "I don't know." The reporter is still unwilling: "How can I make a choice today and not regret it later?" Ding Zhaozhong still replied, "I don't know. Because I have never regretted it, I really don't know. " The reporter was very helpless: "I found that the most common sentence you said when we talked was' I don't know'." Ding Zhaozhong made a positive answer this time: "Yes! Indeed, this is a fact. If I don't know, I can never say I know. "
I believe that everyone who has heard this story will be moved by the honesty of Ding Zhaozhong herbalists. In this world, honesty is a beam of sunshine, which can illuminate a person's mind; Honesty is a bridge to communicate the feelings between people; Honesty is ok.
Honesty is a valuable quality, and its charm lies in not telling lies, not bragging, being honest with others and touching people with your heart. Honesty doesn't need flowery words to decorate it, and it doesn't need rhetoric to cover it up. It is the original flavor of life, a kind of authenticity and nature between heaven and earth.
④ 1986, American psychologist Anderson made an intriguing survey. He listed 550 adjectives describing people and asked college students to choose their favorite qualities and the most disgusting virtues. The results show that the highest quality is sincerity, and the most disgusting virtues are lying, hypocrisy and dishonesty.
Now some people are always afraid that others will say that they are not profound, so they always try their best to disguise themselves and perform themselves. Of course, life is a big stage and we are all performers. However, a truly excellent actor won more applause by virtue of the sincerity and richness of his inner world, not just relying on his gorgeous appearance to please the audience. As Mr. Fu Lei, a famous translator in China, said, "As long as a person is sincere, he can always touch people's hearts."
Honesty seems simple, but it is actually very meaningful. For life, honesty is a course that one must keep learning all his life.
1. Mark the bullets in the following words.
(1) Idle () Fortunately (2) Words ()
2. Complete the following sentences according to the underlined part in the second paragraph of the article and write them down below.
Honesty is ok.
3. Paragraph ⑤ of the article uses a variety of argumentation methods, please point out one and briefly analyze its function.
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4. How to understand the meaning of the sentence "Honesty is a course that a person must keep learning all his life"?
Please add factual arguments to the article.
(7) Be more tolerant.
Living in society, people always get along with others and have various contacts with the outside world. Therefore, it is very important to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships. To build a harmonious interpersonal relationship, the most important thing is to be open-minded and tolerant of people with different personalities and interests. The ancients said: "The wall stands a thousand miles, and it is just without desire; There are hundreds of rivers and great tolerance. "
Tolerance is a noble personality cultivation, a "prime minister's generosity" and a general demeanor. To be open-minded and tolerant of others, we must achieve mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, mutual respect and mutual love. Mutual understanding means mutual understanding, regardless of personal grievances. People have feelings and dignity, and they need and have the obligation to understand others. Mutual understanding can clear the heart and reduce the fire, and you can keep a cool head and a generous personality under any circumstances. Giving and taking is giving and taking, regardless of personal fame and fortune. My heart is selfless and broad. Indifferent to fame and fortune, abandoning selfish distractions, consciously focusing on the overall interests, giving interests to others and leaving difficulties to yourself, the contradictory relationship between the two will be easy to handle. Striving for fame and fortune, planning for yourself in advance, haggling over personal gains and losses, it is difficult to live in harmony with others. Mutual respect means mutual respect, regardless of my advantages and disadvantages. Respect for others is a virtue. "Respect others, others respect themselves", and respect for others will naturally gain respect from others. If you ignore the existence of others and don't respect their personality, you won't have intimate friends. Mutual love means caring for each other, regardless of differences in personality and temperament. Love can contain the whole world and make different people blend in harmoniously; Love can melt the hard ice of the diaphragm, erase the boundary of inferiority, resolve contradictions, eliminate suspicion, jealousy and hatred, and make the world a better place.
What we mean by tolerance is not unprincipled accommodation, not advocating the compatibility of good and evil, and being calm about bad thoughts and behaviors, but understanding and supporting each other on the basis of the principle of party spirit and socialist moral norms. It is necessary to unify tolerance for comrades and criticism of mistakes, and never tolerate words and deeds that violate principles. Only in this way can we maintain a healthy mentality and establish pure interpersonal relationships. What do you say, my friend?
1, the author thinks that one should try to tolerate others:
2. Briefly talk about the specific content of the author's argument of "mutual respect" and "mutual love". What's the difference between the methods of demonstration?
3. At last, the article demonstrates from another side that tolerance should also stress principles. And the last sentence of the article sincerely invites everyone to talk about their own thoughts on this issue. According to your understanding of this article, please talk about your knowledge and understanding in a few short sentences and answer the questions raised by the author at the end of the article. (The number of words is about 100 words)
4. Combined with the knowledge of current affairs and politics collected by ourselves, talk about how high tolerance we can improve besides building harmonious interpersonal relationships.