Night tour of Chengtian Temple
About the author:
Original text:
Notes:
Translation:
Talk about Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"
The words are only small but the meaning is large
Writing background:
Points Layer Appreciation: Central Writing Skills
Refined Appreciation:
Expansion Practice
Learn the use of 9 parts of speech in the text
Author Introduction: < /p>
Original text:
Comments:
Translation:
About Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"
The words are less and the meaning is more
Writing background:
Hierarchical appreciation: central writing skills
Refined appreciation: extended writing practice learning text
p>9 Inflection of Parts of Speech
[Edit this paragraph] About the author:
Su Shi (1037～1101), a famous writer, calligrapher, calligrapher and painter in the Song Dynasty, Tang and Song Dynasty One of the eight masters of prose, he was named Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as "Dongpo Jushi" and posthumously named Wenzhong. He died at the age of 66. In the 6th year of Emperor Gaozong's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was given as a gift to the Grand Master and given the posthumous title "Wenzhong". A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), together with his younger brother Su Zhe and his father Su Xun, they are called "Sansu". . He, his father Su Xun (1009-1066) and his younger brother Su Zhe (1039-1112) are all famous for their literature, and are known as the "Three Sus" in the world; they are as famous as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty . "Three Su" refers to the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties, which is the collective name of the eight representative prose writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che in the Song Dynasty (Su Xun is Su Shi. Su Che's father) , Su Shi is Su Che's elder brother), Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong. (Divided into two schools of Tang Dynasty and six schools of Song Dynasty), their works include "Dongpo Seven Collections", "Dongpo Yuefu", etc. Politically, he belonged to the old party led by Sima Guang. After Wang Anshi's reform, he believed that the new law was not unrealistic, so he supported the new party and was transferred to what is now Hainan Province. Su Shi's frustration was closely related to his political choices.
He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry, and prose. His calligraphy, together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, is known as the "Four Calligraphy Masters of the Song Dynasty"; he is good at painting bamboo, wood and strange rocks, and he is also outstanding in painting theory and calligraphy theory. He was the literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty. His outstanding prose works marked the successful end of the ancient prose movement that started in the Western Wei Dynasty and passed through the Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu, collectively known as "Ou Su"; his poetry is as famous as Huang Tingjian, collectively known as "Ou Su". "Su Huang"; his poetry is majestic and bold in style, changing the elegance of his poetry. He is called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he is regarded as a poet of the bold school.
Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple" is selected from Volume 1 of "Dongpo Zhilin". Su Shi's famous poems include "Jiangchengzi Hunting in Mizhou", "Ding Fengbo" and so on. Su Shi was the fifth son of his father Su Xun. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he and his younger brother Zhe were promoted to Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), when his father's mourning period expired, he returned to the court and sued the court for the magistrate. He had political disagreements with Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law. He asked for a foreign post and became the general judge of Hangzhou. He moved to Mizhou (today's cities in Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for being appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in the state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhe Zongli, Empress Dowager Gao came to the court, and was restored to the imperial court of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong); four months later, he moved to be a doctor of the Ministry of Rites; within ten days of his appointment, in addition to the living room staff, he moved to the middle school room, and then moved to the middle school room. Hanlin scholars know how to make imperial edicts and pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to know Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhezong was in charge of his own affairs and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, at the age of sixty-six, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province).
Su Shi's life His father Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "began to become angry at the age of twenty-seven". Although Su Xun got angry late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, and it would have been even less possible for Su Shi to have "learned the classics and history well enough to write thousands of words a day" when he was still young. Achievement.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, left Sichuan for the first time to go to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his article "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards". However, he accidentally got the second place in the high school Jinshi.
In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "three-year Beijing inspection", and entered the third class. Write to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned home to support the funeral. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after completing his service and was still granted his post. When he entered the court as an official, it was when the political crisis began to appear in the Northern Song Dynasty. Behind the prosperity was a crisis. At this time, Shenzong came to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform.
Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing due to political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the government and the field has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm the new law had done to ordinary people. He disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi's approach and believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it. One result of this is that, like his mentors and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not tolerated by the court. So Su Shi asked for a post and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as magistrate of the state.
His political achievements are outstanding and he has won the hearts of the people.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi encountered the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss about it. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and "slandered the emperor and prime minister in writing". This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history.
Su Shi spent 103 days in jail and was almost on the verge of being beheaded. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill scholar-bureaucrats during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped the disaster.
After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense forces). This position was quite humble. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after going to prison. During his spare time, he led his family to reclaim a piece of sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help make ends meet. It was at this time that he came up with the nickname "Dongpo Jushi".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died.
Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the New Party collapsed, and Sima Guang was re-elected as prime minister. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin bachelor Zhizhigao.
As the saying goes: "It's not easy to be a Beijing official." When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again asked the emperor Make suggestions.
Su Shi could neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for external transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of sixteen years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredging the West Lake and using the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, compared with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), he was recalled to the court. But soon he was sent to Yingzhou because of political differences. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the new party came back to power and was demoted to Huizhou (today's Huiyang, Guangdong) again. After Huizong came to the throne, he transferred Lianzhou resettlement, Shuzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy, and Yongzhou resettlement. In the third year of Yuanfu (1101), a general amnesty was granted, and he was reinstated as Chaofeng Lang. On his way back to the north, he died in Changzhou, with his posthumous title of Wenzhong. He died at the age of sixty-six.
[Edit this paragraph] Original text:
On the night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, I undressed and was about to fall asleep. When the moonlight came into my house, I happily set off. Thinking of nothing and being happy, I went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. Huai Min also stayed up and walked with each other in the atrium. Under the courtyard, the sky looks like accumulated water, with algae and waterlilies intersecting in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows. What night is there without a moon? Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But there are few idle people like the two of us.
(This article and "Thank You Zhongshu" are included in Lesson 27 "Two Short Essays" in the first volume of the eighth-grade Chinese version of the People's Education Press. Lesson 17 of the first volume of the eighth-grade Chinese version of the Jiangsu Education Press.)
[Edit this paragraph] Note:
Chengtian Temple: in the south of Huanggang, Hubei Province.
The sixth year of Yuanfeng: 1083 AD. Yuanfeng, the reign name of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. At that time, the author had been demoted to Huangzhou for four years.
Desire: Will.
Solution: Untie the tied things.
Household: Portal.
Xinran: happy and happy. Xin, happy, happy. However, it looks like...
Those who think of nothingness and happiness: think of no one with whom to have fun. Think about, think about, think about. A person who enjoys fun with others.
Zhang Huaimin: The author’s friend. Named Mengde, courtesy name Huaimin, Qinghe (now a native of Qinghe, Hebei Province). In the sixth year of Yuanfeng, he was also demoted to Huangzhou and lived in Chengtian Temple.
Sui: So, just.
Sleep: sleep, lie down.
Walking together in the courtyard: walking together in the courtyard, walking together, walking together, together. Atrium, courtyard.
The courtyard is as clear and empty as the accumulated water: it means that the moonlight fills the courtyard, just like the accumulated water fills the courtyard from top to bottom, clear and transparent.
Like stagnant water, empty and clear: as if stagnant water is clear and transparent. Empty and bright, describes the clarity of water.
Algae (xìng): generally refers to aquatic plants, the general name of aquatic plants.
Crossover: cross and complex.
Gai: Following the above, explaining the reason and expressing affirmation, which is equivalent to "probably" here interpreted as "originally".
Idle people: This refers to people who are not obsessed with fame and fortune but can leisurely enjoy the situation. Su Shi was demoted to the deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou at this time. This was an official with duties but no power, so he called himself an idler. In the sentence, it is translated as a leisurely person, or a person with leisurely elegance and elegant interests.
But there are few idle people: It’s just that there are few idle people like us. But, nothing more.
Er: That’s all.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation:
At night, on October 12, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, when (I) took off my clothes and prepared to sleep, I saw the moonlight shining into the door, so Happy to get up and go out. I thought I had no one with whom I could talk to for fun, so I went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. Huai Min didn't sleep either, so the two of us walked in the yard together. The moonlight shining in the yard was as clear as water, and the water was criss-crossed with algae, which turned out to be the shadows of bamboo and cypress. Which night doesn't have moonlight? Which place doesn't have bamboo and cypress trees? It’s just that there is a lack of “idle people” like the two of us.
[Edit this paragraph] Talking about Su Shi's "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"
(Huo Songlin)
Su Shi himself commented on his literary creation, there is a paragraph The words are very insightful:
My writings are like thousands of dendrobium springs, they can come out in any place. On the flat ground, the torrential waves are rolling, and it is easy to travel thousands of miles in a day. It twists and turns with the mountains and rocks, giving shape to things and cannot be known. What can be known is that you always do what you should do, and you always stop at the point where you can't stop. That's all! I can't know the other things. ("Wen Shuo")
This passage can be supplemented by another passage of his: "Those who were writers in the past could not work for them, but they had to work for them. There are clouds and mist in the mountains and flowers, and they are full of lushness and can be seen from the outside. Even if you want nothing, can you get it?" ("Preface to the Collection of Jiang Xing Sing He")
This is the most important thing. The most important point is: literature is something that is "full of vitality" on the inside and has to be expressed on the outside. If you have "a fountain of thousands of dendrobiums" in your chest, you can "get out of anything no matter where you choose"; if you have nothing in your chest, you won't be able to write good articles just by relying on skills. Su Shi is indeed a great writer with "the source of thousands of dendrobiums" in his chest. As far as his prose creation is concerned, the "fountain of ten thousand dendrobiums" overflows into political and historical treatises, rolling over the waves, and the vast ocean; overflows into travel notes, letters, prefaces and postscripts and other essays, swirling and stirring, and the smoke and waves are colorful.
The article "Remembering a Night Tour at Chengtian Temple" has only 84 words. It flows naturally from my heart. "Do what you should do" and "stop when you must stop". There is no way to divide it into paragraphs. But it's not DC "on flat ground". There are only a few dozen words. If "on the flat ground" flows straight, and there is no trace left, what charm will it have? If you read this article carefully, you will find that although it is naturally popular, it is "twisting with the mountains and rocks" and has distinct layers. "The night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng." This is like writing a diary. You write down the year, month and day honestly, and then write the word "night". Next, you should write what you did during the "night". What to do? "Undress and sleep", there is nothing to do. But when he was "undressing" and saw "the moonlight entering the house", he felt that there was something to do, so he "happily set off". What to do? Looking for "fun". If you have been "working" alone for a while, but you are not very "happy", it would be nice to have someone else; suddenly you think of someone who can make you "happy", so you go to him. These thoughts and actions are expressed in the words "Those who think of nothingness and find joy then go to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin." Whether he has found Zhang Huaimin, what he said after he found him, what kind of "fun" he asked him to have, and whether he agreed, these are all things that most people have to write about. However, the author only wrote these two sentences: "Huai Min also did not sleep, and we walked together in the courtyard." Then he described the scene:
The courtyard is like empty water, with algae and lilies in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress. Shadow also.
When "walking in the atrium", my eyes were attracted by the moonlight in the courtyard, which caused an illusion: "the accumulated water is empty and clear", and the sky is so clear that I can clearly see the various water plants that intersect diagonally. Why are there aquatic plants such as algae and water plants in the yard? When I looked up, I saw bamboo and cypress, and at the same time I saw the bright moon in the blue sky. Then I realized: it turned out that it was not "algae" and "liquid", but the shadows of "bamboo" and "cypress" reflected by the moonlight! "Moonlight" The metaphor of "like water" is commonly used, but how to use it varies from person to person. It cannot be said that the author did not use this metaphor, but his usage is very different from ordinary people, and the artistic effect produced is also very different.
Written thoughts are like torrential water, "twisting with mountains and rocks", and at this point it should "stop where it cannot stop". "Stop" at what? When you see "the moonlight enters your house" and you "start out happily", you should stop at the moon; when you see "algae and water plants crossing each other", it turns out to be "the shadow of bamboo and cypress", you should stop at the "bamboo and cypress"; who appreciates the moon? Who sees bamboo and cypress? It's him and Zhang Huaimin, it should stop with him and Zhang Huaimin. So I summarized it all, wrote the following sentences, and then stopped leisurely:
What night is there without a moon? Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But there are few idle people like the two of us.
A few strokes captured a fragment of life. The narrative is simple and clear, and the description of the scene is like a painting, and the lyricism is contained in the narrative and the description of the scene. Narrative, scene description, and lyricism all focus on writing about people; writing about people also highlights one point: "leisure". When entering "night", one "undresses and wants to sleep", "free"; when one sees "the moonlight enters the house", one "gets up happily", "free"; and "walks in the courtyard" with Zhang Huaimin, even seeing the "shadows of bamboo and cypress" They were so careful and clear, both of them were very "free".
"Where is the moonless night? Where are there no bamboos and cypresses?" But on winter nights, there are only "me and me" who go out to admire the moon and see the bamboos and cypresses, because others are busy people and "I and I" are "idle people." The "idle person" at the end is the finishing touch, contrasting the "idleness" of "the two of us" with the lack of "idleness" of others. Only when you are "free" can you "walk at night" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the moonlit night. After reading the full text, the figures, moods and scenery of the two "idlers" are all vividly visible.
(Selected from "Reading and Appreciation", Beijing Publishing House, 1987 edition, abridged)
[Edit this paragraph] The words are less and the meaning is more
< p> ——Reading an essay by Su Shi (Wu Gongzheng)The key to this article being able to be written with rich words is that the author grasped the characteristics and then expressed them in carefully refined language.
"On the night of October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng", the word "night" in "night tour" was immediately grasped from the beginning of the writing, and went straight into the title. "I was about to undress and fall asleep when the moonlight entered my house." The author was about to fall asleep when he suddenly saw the cool moonlight peeking through the window. In this way, the "night" mentioned earlier is embodied. More importantly, it points out that the characteristic of "night" is the melting moonlight, rather than the dark moon and high wind. The author grasps this characteristic and spreads the text. "The moonlight entered the house", such a good night and such moonlight activated the author's emotions, so he "set off happily". The reason for this action came from the night scene of "moonlight entering the house". "Those who thought of nothing and were happy went to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin. Huaimin was still awake and walked with him in the atrium." Here, the location of the night tour, the people traveling with him, etc. are explained. Words such as "to", "find" and "step" are concise and concise, explaining the coherent process clearly. "To Chengtian Temple" is another topic, but the journey to Chengtian Temple is not mentioned because it has nothing to do with the theme. What was the scene of "looking for Zhang Huaimin"? Since it is not related to the theme, it is left out of this article. In this way, the people and things that must be explained for "travel notes" are only expressed in the simplest and most economical language, and the rest will not be added. In particular, the description of the night tour is even more distinctive:
The courtyard looks like accumulated water, empty and clear, with algae and waterlilies interlaced in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows.
"The accumulated water is empty and bright", a pool of accumulated water is clear and transparent, first the color of the water is written, and then the various things in the water: "algae and waterlilies are crisscrossed", crisscrossing and swaying. After writing about the scenes in the courtyard, this sentence jumped out: "It is covered with bamboo and cypress shadows." The meaning of the text suddenly changed, and the wording was surprising and winning. The author first wrote about the accumulation of water in the courtyard and the algae in the water, all in order to describe the projection of bamboo and cypress. He used a visual illusion to apply ink from the reverse side to form the waves and rhythm of the text. The reason why the bamboo and cypress can be projected into the courtyard without the artist using a single stroke of ink is the reason why he uses ink so skillfully and exquisitely. There is no word "month" in the whole sentence, and there is no word "moon" in it. When the moonlight shines, the pool of water under the courtyard is empty and clear, which can be inferred that the moonlight is bright; "algae and waterlilies are interspersed in the water", which can be inferred that the moonlight is clear. The moonlight shines through the bamboo leaves and cypress branches and projects onto the ground, creating such a wonderful scene. The clear water and algae are intertwined, complementing each other, and adding to the beauty of a moonlit night tour. Su Shi used the word "moon" everywhere in this article to write about night tours. This is one of its characteristics. When he writes about the moon, it is not like Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" written by Zhang Ruoxu in the early Tang Dynasty. This is the second feature. When Su Shi wrote about the moonlight night scene, he did not write it in plain sight, but in secret. He ingeniously started with the shadows of bamboo and cypress, making it appear that the moonlight was clear and empty. This is the third characteristic. Because the characteristics are captured, the entire description becomes concise and expressive.
Literary works contain the author’s thoughts and feelings. It is not enough to just describe scenes and narrate, the author's thoughts and emotions must also be expressed, so that the work will have endless aftertaste. Here, on the one hand, the objective content summarized by the words must be rich; on the other hand, the subjective content expressed, that is, the author's thoughts and emotions must be profound. Su Shi's prose also provides an example.
This article is about scenery, but there is emotion in the scenery. When the author sees "the moonlight entering his house", he "sets off happily", and his joy is beyond words. "Thinking about nothing and being happy" is a psychological activity that contains regrets about having few close friends and a slight sigh, which makes the emotions slightly turbulent. After a turning point, the author suddenly remembered Zhang Huaimin. "Sui" seems to be without thinking, but it slightly reveals the feeling that only Zhang Huaimin is a close friend who appreciates the moon. The word "Xun" clearly shows the eagerness to visit friends. The word "Yi" in "Huai Min also did not go to bed" shows the joy of "having a clear understanding of the heart" and knowing each other with similar interests. Under the pouring moonlight, the two "walked side by side in the atrium", roaming leisurely, and their comfortable moods were placed in the brisk rhythm of this synchronization. From "thinking about nothing and being happy" to "walking together in the atrium", the author's thoughts have gone through many twists and turns, and finally stabilized in a peaceful and tolerant state of mind. The author visited the temple with friends, wrote about the beautiful scenery on a moonlit night, and then unfolded the scene in front of him, including his life experience: "What night is without moon? Where are there no bamboos and cypresses? But there are few idle people like me and my ears." Su Shi was imprisoned for writing and was demoted to The deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian was almost exiled and in a melancholy mood. However, he still had an enterprising spirit, and his moonlit night visit to the temple was a specific act to relieve his depression. The soul damaged in the political whirlpool can only be restored in the cool moonlit night without any worries, and seek spiritual sustenance from the beauty of nature. There is no bright moon on any night, no bamboo branches and cypress shadows anywhere, but there are very few people "like the two of us". The vastness of time and space contrasts "the two of us" with the big and the small. It is not sentimental, but the feelings are self-evident, and the emotions are deeply stored in the words. And this kind of emotion has its specificity, manifested as broad-mindedness.
The author is not wallowing in the abyss of emotion, but seeking relief. This broad-minded mood reflects Su Shi's ideological status during this period, and also makes this prose appear chic and elegant.
(Selected from "Collection of Appreciation of Ancient and Modern Masterpieces", Beijing Press, 1989 edition)
[Edit this paragraph] Writing background:
This article was written in the Song Dynasty In the sixth year of Shenzong Yuanfeng (1083), the author had been demoted to Huangzhou for four years. In July of the second year of Yuanfeng, there was the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" in history. The censor Li Ding and others excerpted Su Shi's poems about the new law and said that he had slandered him with his poems. In August, he was arrested and imprisoned. After a long period of interrogation and torture, he almost lost his head. In December, the author was released from prison and was demoted to Huangzhou as the deputy envoy of Tuanlian, but he was not allowed to "sign official documents", which meant that he was an idle official with duties but no power. Under such circumstances, the author wrote this short article, which gave a wonderful description of the scenery on a moonlit night and truly recorded a fragment of his life at that time.
[Edit this paragraph] Hierarchical appreciation: center
The full text is divided into three levels, the first level is narrative. The first sentence points out the time of the incident as "October 12th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng". It had been four years since Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou as the deputy history officer of the regiment due to the "Wutai Poetry Case". That night, the moonlight shone into his room. The author wanted to go to bed, but he was fascinated by the beautiful moonlight and suddenly became excited. However, he thought that there was no one to share the joy with him, so he set off to look for Zhang Huaimin in Chengtian Temple not far away. Zhang Huaimin, like Su Shi, was also a demoted official who was demoted to Huangzhou. His friendship with Su Shi was quite close. That night, Zhang Huaimin was still awake, so the two of them went for a walk in the middle of the yard. This layer of narrative is simple, indifferent and naturally smooth. (Night Tour to Seek Friends)
The second floor depicts the scenery. The author cherishes ink like gold and uses only eighteen characters to create a quiet and charming night scene with clear moonlight and mottled bamboo shadows. Readers can use their imagination: the moonlight is clear and shining in the courtyard, and the clear and white expanse looks like an empty pool of accumulated water. What's even better is that there are water plants floating and wandering in the "water", so it suddenly feels like a fairyland. Average. The brilliance of the author lies in the use of bamboo, cypress shadows and moonlight to set off, compare and metaphor each other with precise and novel techniques, which appropriately renders the beauty and solemnity of the scenery. (Night in the Courtyard)
The third floor turned to discussion. The author laments that there is no moon on any night, no bamboos and cypresses on any night, but apart from him and Zhang Huaimin, there are probably not many people who have the leisure and elegance to appreciate this scenery. The highlight of the whole article is the two "idle people" Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou and was "not allowed to sign official documents". He only served as an official in name only, which was far from the Confucian ideal of "managing the world and benefiting the people", which is the superficial meaning of the so-called "idle man", which euphemistically means It reflects Su Shi's depression after being frustrated in his official career; from another point of view, the moonlight is so beautiful and the bamboo shadow is so beautiful, but people can't recognize it, but these two people are the only ones who are lucky enough to appreciate it, isn't it a blessing? Su Shi's thoughts span the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which makes his attitude towards life extremely tolerant. It can be said that he is unfazed by favors and disgrace, and can advance and retreat freely. Of course, his chapter in adversity can better reflect his personality charm! (Lyricism under the Moon)
Writing Skills
1. Metaphors are expressive: The courtyard is like a pool of water, empty and empty, with algae and lilies intertwined in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows.
< p> 2. Combination of frontal and side descriptions: What night is without moon? Where are there no bamboos and cypresses? But there are few idle people like my two ears.3. Captured the feeling of the moment: The courtyard is like a pile of accumulation The water is clear, with algae and lilies interspersed in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows.
[Edit this paragraph] Detailed appreciation:
"Moonlight enters the house": the cold night is lonely, " "I'm undressing and ready to sleep." At this moment, the moonlight quietly entered the door. The word "entering the house" personifies the moonlight. Moonlight seemed to understand the loneliness of the immigrant and took the initiative to keep him company.
"Starting with joy": This is the author's reaction; he writes that his sleepiness disappeared, he stood up in his clothes, and when he saw the moonlight, he was like seeing a long-lost close friend, and he welcomed him happily. As a "sinner" who was demoted by the imperial court, we can imagine his situation of being cut off from all contacts and left in the cold. Only Moonlight showed no snobbery and still came to visit him in the lonely cold night. Four words express the author's joy and excitement.
"Those who wish to enjoy nothingness will go to Chengtian Temple to look for Zhang Huaimin": The author guessed that Zhang Huaimin was also a demoted person, so the author thought of Zhang Huaimin.
"Huai Min did not go to bed, and walked together in the atrium.": The author and Zhang Huai Min have a close connection and a deep friendship.
"What night is without moon? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? But there are few idle people like my two ears."
- It contains the author's sad feeling of the ups and downs of his career and the resulting I have understood the philosophy of life and found some comfort in the pain. The last sentence has at least two meanings: one is for those villains who pursue fame and fortune, follow the trend, run around and work hard, and are trapped in the vast world of officialdom and find it difficult to extricate themselves. How can they ever have time to appreciate this fairyland of pure and cold moon? Second, it expresses the author's leisurely and comfortable state of mind. Of course, it also reveals his complaint that he cannot be loyal to the court.
"Under the courtyard, it looks like accumulated water, and the sky is clear. The water is crisscrossed with algae and covered with bamboo and cypress shadows."
——Detailed analysis
"Under the courtyard, it looks like The accumulated water is empty and clear, with algae and waterlilies interlaced in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows." "The accumulated water is empty and bright" describes the clarity and transparency of the moonlight, and "the algae and cypresses are intertwined" describe the elegance and elegance of the reflection of bamboo and cypress.
The former gives people a sense of tranquility like a pool of spring water, while the latter has the dynamic beauty of swaying water plants. The whole artistic conception is still and moving, and the stillness becomes more and more visible in the movement. One is written in the front and the other is written on one side, thereby creating a pure and pure image. The transparent world also reflects the author's upright and worldly mind. The author uses highly concise pen and ink to create a wonderful realm of clarity, emptiness, and swaying shadows, which is both real and illusory.
[Edit this paragraph] Expansion practice
On the night of October 12, the sixth year of Yuanfeng, I was undressing and just about to lie down to sleep, when I suddenly saw the bright moonlight. Very faint light reflected on the window. Suddenly something occurred to me, so I hurriedly put on my shoes and clothes and went to Chengtian Temple. On the way, I was thinking that I have been too bored recently and have no friends to talk to. Today, I suddenly thought of Zhang Huaimin, who had the same experience as me. When I reached the door of the temple, two monks came out. "Donor, who are you looking for?" I paused and replied calmly: "I'm looking for Zhang Huaimin!" The monk replied respectfully: "Donor, please come in."
I walked into the temple and saw Huai Min's room without turning off the lights, so he walked straight forward. I knocked on the door gently and saw a figure walking towards the door. After opening the door, I was stunned for a moment. After giving a smile, Zhang Huaimin packed up his clothes and walked in the yard with me.
We walked together in the courtyard and looked up to see that the sky was dark, with a few stars hanging in the distance, and the most dazzling moon also hanging steadily in the sky. I couldn't help but sigh: "Hey, brother Huaimin, the moon is so bright tonight, and it reminds me of the past." A touch of sadness and grief appeared on my face. Huai Min looked steadily at the moon and shouted: "Who says it's not the case? How can such a scene not be sad! I am worried when I think of my mother who is over 80 years old at home. I wonder if she is doing well now. I listen After that, he kept shaking his head, as if he was so helpless, and said: "I have a wife, children, and children at home, so I feel relieved, and I miss my hometown even more. Now that I have been demoted to this place, I can only vent my homesickness to you. "Huai Min nodded. We sat in the courtyard, found wine glasses, and drank together under the moonlight.
The plants in the water were crisscrossed and floating, and the bamboos, pines and cypresses were also reflected in the water. We They all couldn't help but sigh: "Where is there no moon, and where is there no such bamboo, pines and cypresses. It’s just that there are less idle people like us now. "
Speaking of this, we even talked about the current emperor of the Song Dynasty. The people talked about it, and Huai Min sighed: "We have nothing to do, but we are not reused by the court. We have been demoted to this place, and we long for it. It is useless to serve the imperial court! sad! sad! "We all felt sad in our hearts.
We sat up and suddenly wanted to take a walk to the lake. As we walked on the road, we saw the current situation of this country and couldn't help but sigh. It's really a big disaster if we can't contribute to the country. Unfortunately.
[Edit this paragraph] Study text
1. Why does the author want to visit the temple at night?
Because the moonlight is beautiful, " "The moonlight enters the house," so "I set out happily"
2. Which sentences in the article express the author's emotions?
"The moonlight enters the house, so I set out happily" - loneliness and pain , Seeing the moon, "What night is there without the moon?" Where are there no bamboos or cypresses? But a few idle people are like my two ears. "——It contains the author's desolate feeling of ups and downs in officialdom and the philosophy of life he has learned from it, and he has gained some comfort in the pain. The last sentence has at least two meanings: one is for those villains who pursue fame and fortune. , follow the trend of the people, rush around the camp, get stuck in the vast officialdom and find it difficult to extricate themselves, how can they have time to appreciate this fairyland of pure and cold moon? Secondly, it shows the author's leisurely and comfortable state of mind. Of course, it also reveals his complaint that he cannot be loyal to the court. .
3. How did the author's mood change during the night tour?
"Joyful" and "Those who think nothing is for fun" are a little regretful. "Looking" is eager and exciting... "walking together in the atrium" calmly and leisurely
4. Summary
The author describes the beauty of the moonlight with a poetic touch, It creates a cold and bright artistic conception. It is like a cold moonlight song, every note shines with silver cold light, expressing the author's bright and sad feelings. (Presented by Can Meng Tutian~~)
5. The central idea of ??this article
The use of the moon expresses the author's desolation of being relegated, his feelings about life, the joy of admiring the moon, and the leisurely stroll.
6. Write the text silently. Sentences describing the clear moonlight in the courtyard, and a brief appreciation of the beauty of the scenery.
The courtyard is empty and empty, like accumulated water, with algae and algae crisscrossed in the water, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows
Appreciation: The author uses the four words "accumulated water and clear sky" to compare the clear and transparent moonlight in the courtyard, giving people a sense of tranquility like a pool of spring water; the author uses "algae and water plants interspersed" to compare the beautiful reflection of bamboo and cypress under the moon. It has the dynamic beauty of swaying water and grass, and the whole artistic conception is still and moving, and the movement makes it more still.
7. The word has multiple meanings
Sui: Then to Chengtian Temple ( So) the general will move in to attack the enemy. ) "Wolf"
Looking for Zhang Huaimin (searching) failed, and ended up looking for illness.
(Soon) "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring"
8. Different meanings in ancient and modern times
①But there are few idle people like me and my ears (ancient meaning: only. Modern meaning: but)
②The moonlight enters the house (the ancient meaning of the door is multi-fingered door. The modern meaning is: window, house)
9 Inflection of Parts of Speech
Walking in the atrium (stepping) : The noun is used as a verb to take a walk. )
Extended reading:
1. "There are algae and waterlilies in the water" shows that the moonlight was thick, clear and bright at that time.
2. A leisurely person: A leisurely person is elegant, free and easy-going, and open-minded.
3. Features of the article:
4.1. There is a moon everywhere but no mention of the moon
5.2. Metaphor, illusion, association
< p>6.3. Combination of movement and stillness7. The "also" in "Huai Min also did not sleep" shows that he is like the author's confidant