Comprehensive learning is a new way of learning, and this group of "Traveling in the Kingdom of Chinese Characters" is such a teaching unit.
(1) Comprehensive learning: a new way of learning
In the past, primary school Chinese teaching mainly focused on students’ receptive learning. How to cultivate students’ active learning and innovative abilities is Important issues before us.
In the past ten years, with the reform of the education system, many new classroom teaching methods have emerged. The emergence of these new methods has undoubtedly injected new vitality into Chinese teaching. However, if teachers only rely on teachers to unilaterally think about new ways of teaching reform and ignore the active investment of students as the main body of education, then classroom teaching will still be the implementation of In the process of teaching lesson plans, students actually play the role of cooperating with teachers in completing lesson plans in class. In many cases, students can only act as "spectators" and "listeners." With the continuous development of the informatization process, people are required to learn and master knowledge faster and faster. The traditional passive receptive learning method is far from meeting the current social needs and has become a stumbling block to further promoting quality education. Therefore, research study and comprehensive study came into being.
As the name suggests, comprehensive learning has the characteristics of "comprehensive", and the basic teaching concept of comprehensive learning should also highlight the characteristics of "comprehensive". Comprehensive Chinese learning is a new way of learning that transcends the boundaries of traditional single subjects and integrates comprehensive topics in modern society and issues of concern to students in the form of units based on the principle of horizontal organization. The creative problem-solving learning process organically combines Chinese knowledge and life experience, theory and practice, in-class and extra-curricular, and in-school and out-of-school to improve students' ability to use Chinese knowledge to comprehensively solve problems and promote students' knowledge, emotion, and intention. , conduct harmonious development. Together with literacy, writing, reading, homework, and oral communication, it forms a new goal system for Chinese courses.
1. Characteristics of comprehensive learning:
In summary, comprehensive learning has three characteristics: comprehensiveness, practicality and openness:
① Comprehensive As the name suggests, a distinctive feature of comprehensive learning is comprehensiveness. Its comprehensiveness is reflected in multiple levels such as learning objectives, learning content, learning methods and approaches.
② Practicality
Compared with Chinese learning in the traditional sense, another distinctive feature of comprehensive learning is practicality. Comprehensive learning emphasizes participation, experience, and Chinese practice activities.
③ Openness
Comprehensive learning is more open than Chinese teaching in the general sense. Comprehensive learning is characterized by openness in terms of content, time, space, organizational form, and guidance methods.
2. Implementation of comprehensive learning
① Topic selection - determine learning content
There are generally two ways to propose a comprehensive learning topic: 1. The first is the content specified in the textbook; the second is the theme determined independently according to the students' interests.
If you are conducting comprehensive learning according to the arrangement of the teaching materials, you must clarify the connotation of the learning topic and make the topic specific, concentrated, clear, and easy to operate.
If students are allowed to determine their own learning topics, they must brainstorm and carefully select topics that are suitable for the age characteristics and knowledge level of students at this stage of schooling, and choose those that happen around them and that everyone is concerned about. The problem has certain research value and is operable.
② Planning - Make a study plan
Based on the theme and learning objectives of this comprehensive study, let students work together to plan how to carry out this comprehensive study. What methods and steps to take, how to arrange the time, what forms to use to reflect the results of learning, etc., should be understood among the student groups (whole class or group) to form a practical learning activity plan.
Learning activity plans generally include:
(1) Learning theme (topic);
(2) Purpose and requirements of learning activities;
< p>(3) The form and time arrangement of learning activities;(4) Division of personnel;
(5) Expression and communication of learning results.
③Implementation - organize and carry out learning activities
This is a key stage of comprehensive learning. At this stage, on the one hand, students' autonomy should be highlighted and students' active participation spirit should be valued. On the other hand, teachers should always care about and understand the activities of each group and each student, praise good methods and strategies in a timely manner, and help solve problems in a timely manner. When encountering difficulties, make reasonable suggestions in a timely manner, and pay special attention to making full use of sporadic time to provide immediate guidance on the activities of each group.
④ Display—Exchange learning results
Looking at the 5-10 textbooks in the People’s Education Edition of the new curriculum standard, we mainly provide the following expressions, displays, and exchanges of learning results. form.
◆Exchange of information around the theme
◆Special discussions, debates, speeches, etc.
◆Performances
◆Interview records, investigation reports , research reports, etc.
◆Compile essays and short plays
◆Write and tell stories
◆Handwritten newspapers, picture and text exhibitions, etc.
< p>◆Self-created handicrafts⑤ Evaluation - comprehensive summary and improvement
The evaluation lesson is a very important part of every comprehensive Chinese learning, and teachers should carefully prepare Good classes, work hard to take good classes. This kind of evaluation class is a comprehensive evaluation of a learning activity and a comprehensive summary. Of course, this kind of summary and evaluation can be given by teachers, or more often by students, allowing students to participate in the evaluation. Therefore, the role of this kind of evaluation class in comprehensive Chinese language learning is very obvious. Teachers can organize this kind of evaluation class from three dimensions:
⑴ First, evaluate the emotional attitude of students in the activities
⑵ Second, evaluate the process of student participation< /p>
⑶The third is to evaluate the effects and results of students' learning activities
Outstanding performance should be fully affirmed, and problems should be realistic, but encouragement should still be given priority.
(2) Unit arrangement method: two major sections
The arrangement method of the unit is completely different from that of other groups. It no longer uses the text as the main body to arrange reading, exercises and oral communication, but It is divided into two sections: "Interesting Chinese Characters" and "I Love You, Chinese Characters". The main body of each section is activity suggestions, which are used to guide students to carry out comprehensive learning. "Reading materials" are only provided for students to read when carrying out activities, but the materials for carrying out activities are not limited to this. Students can collect them by themselves. Teachers Appropriate supplements can also be made.
The first section, "Interesting Chinese Characters", focuses on the "interesting" nature of Chinese characters. This section starts with word guessing puzzles that students like, and introduces students' learning interests into the interesting kingdom of Chinese characters. Next, the textbook shows another interesting feature of Chinese characters, "homonyms", guiding students to focus on the pronunciation of the characters instead of the shape of the characters. In the third part, the textbook uses storytelling to lead students back to the creation process of Chinese characters. "Cangjie's Creation of Characters" is just a legend, but the writing is very interesting. It mentions that Cangjie carefully observed images such as bird and animal footprints in the wild, and followed them in sequence Created Chinese characters, which can not help but make students have a strong interest in the creation process of Chinese characters. Finally, the article "The Origin of "Book", "Dictionary" and "Delete", by analyzing the origins of these Chinese characters, vividly shows students the origin relationship between Chinese characters and further enhances students' interest in Chinese characters.
The second largest section, "I Love You, Chinese Characters", is concentrated in the word "love". On the basis of stimulating students' interest in Chinese characters, it further cultivates students' love for Chinese characters and further cultivates students' love for Chinese characters. Lead students to transform this love into concrete actions to care for Chinese characters. "The Evolution of Chinese Characters" uses examples to vividly show students the process of development and evolution of Chinese characters, and shows the long history and loveliness of Chinese characters in an intuitive way. "The Discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions" tells the story of the discovery process of an ancient writing - Oracle Bone Inscriptions, revealing the secrets of this ancient writing, allowing students to fully appreciate the antiquity of Chinese characters, and stimulating students' enthusiasm for exploring Chinese characters. "One Point is Worth Ten Thousand Gold" uses a life example to tell the great value of Chinese characters, allowing students to fully realize the importance of Chinese characters in life. "Typos on the Street" uses a picture to show students the widespread existence and harm of typos, reminds students to pay attention to the phenomenon of typos, correct typos in their own study and life, and guide students to do their best to purify the language of the motherland. A little effort. The two reading materials "In Praise of Chinese Characters" and "I Love You, Chinese Characters" use the form of poetry and prose respectively to showcase the long history, richness and beauty of Chinese characters, and express the author's love for Chinese characters. The two reading materials have accurate and beautiful language, vivid descriptions, and sincere and warm emotions, which sublimate students' love for Chinese characters.
In this unit, we should focus on the theme of "Traveling in the Kingdom of Chinese Characters" to guide students through comprehensive learning to initially understand the characteristics and development history of Chinese characters, deepen students' feelings for Chinese characters and traditional Chinese culture, and improve their correct understanding of Chinese characters. Use the consciousness of Chinese characters to cultivate students' comprehensive abilities in planning and carrying out activities, finding and using information, conducting interviews and field investigations, recording materials, and writing reports.
2 Reading Guidance
(1) Reading Requirements
In comprehensive learning activities, the texts provided in reading textbooks are no longer texts in the usual sense. Therefore, there is no need to use the usual teaching methods for teaching, but only a part of the comprehensive learning, even a very small part, interspersed with a large number of students' independent reading, observation, investigation, interviews, presentations and other activities.
"Reading materials" are only for students to read when carrying out activities. Students can obtain relevant knowledge from them. At the same time, the reading materials serve as a source of inspiration. Teachers should guide students to collect relevant materials accordingly and strengthen students' understanding of the subject. Independent learning activities.
However, these reading materials are rich in pictures and texts, and the text and quality are both beautiful. When guiding reading, students should still be guided to read in a planned way, so that students can read these materials carefully, be inspired by them, and collect more reflections. Fantastic and interesting information about Chinese characters.
When reading, you must read aloud correctly, understand the content, master relevant knowledge, and recite beautiful sentences to increase accumulation.