1. Contrast: Contrast is both a descriptive technique and a rhetorical one. Example: Mei Yao Chen's The Pottery Man said, "Pottery covers the front door, but there is no tile in the house." . A rich man lives in a tile-roofed building without touching mud. "Through the comparison between Taoism and the rich, the gap between the rich and the poor and the different fates of the feudal social system were profoundly exposed, and deep sympathy was expressed to the working people.
2. Symbol: to express concepts, thoughts and feelings with similar or similar characteristics through concrete images that are easy to associate. For example, Li Deyu's "Climbing Cliff City": "Castle Peak seems to want to keep people around the county." These two sentences describe that the green hills are surrounded by mountains, and the counties and cities where they are located are tightly blocked and the barriers are strict. It symbolizes the persecution of his political opponents and writes the sadness that he can't go back.
3. Restraint: Say both negative and positive aspects at the same time, and only emphasize one of them to achieve the purpose of restraining one, promoting the other or restraining the other. There are two kinds: first rising and then restraining, first restraining and then rising. For example, Wang Changling's "Forever in My Heart": "Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, so make up in spring and go to high buildings. Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the seal. "
In this poem, the young woman's "ignorance" is written first, and then her "regret" is said. Through the description of the subtle changes of young women's mood, this paper profoundly expresses the sentimental feelings of young women caused by touching the scene and highlights the theme of "in my heart forever". Another example is Zhao Xilu's "Plum Blossom Rhyme on the Cliff of Xiao Bing": "The ice posture is clean and flawless, and Chu Shi's home is by the stream outside the bamboo. If the peony blooms early, who will see the plum blossoms in the snow? "
Three or four sentences in the poem suddenly have a whimsy: if the peony blooms earlier than the plum blossom, who will take care of the plum blossom? However, peony will not bloom before plum blossom after all. Only pure plum blossoms can bloom in Leng Xue and attract people's favor.
4. Join the club: joining the club means saying something else first. For example, Li Shangyin's "Jinse": "Why do I miss China with fifty strings, one string and one column?" The first couplet was inspired by this instrument, and the idea of "New Year" came into being.
5. Association: linking one thing with another related thing, or linking similar features in things to form a model. How to "Liu Fu": "Jasper adorns trees, and thousands of threads of moss hang down. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " The poet linked the drooping willow branches with the green ribbon, and used clever metaphors to create a novel image with unique romantic color, which changed the symbolic meaning of willow branches expressing their feelings of parting.
6. Imagination: On the basis of existing materials and ideas, people create new ideas through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting": "The lake is full of moonlight, and the mirror on the pool surface does not grind. Look at the Dongting landscape, there are green snails in the silver plate. " This poem chooses the perspective of looking at the moonlit night, and skillfully reproduces the lakes and mountains of Dongting on paper through extremely imaginative description.
7. Set-off: Set-off A with B to make the characteristics of A more prominent. There are two kinds of positive contrast and negative contrast: for example, Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia: "The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages. Old camp west, people say it is the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. " Zhou Yu is the character to be portrayed in this poem, but it is a positive contrast to start with "the romantic figure of the ages" and lead to "How many heroes" in Battle of Red Cliffs, and finally focus on Zhou Yu, highlighting Zhou Yu's dominant position in the author's mind.
8. Combination of static and dynamic: both dynamic description and static description are indispensable in artistic creation, either to resist static with dynamic or to control static with static; Or a dynamic and a static, complement each other. The former is a foil technique, such as Du Fu's "Man Cheng Shou": "The sand-headed bird is silent, and the fish at the stern is whistling." The fourth sentence "dynamic" of fish jumping sets off the "static" of the first three sentences. The latter is like Dai Shulun's "Lanxi Acura": "The cold moon is like the brow of Guiliuwan, and the more you look at Zhongshan Mirror. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach in the middle of the night. "
The first two sentences in the poem describe the beautiful and moving landscape and the refreshing and bright moonlight, which is a quiet scene; The last two sentences are about naughty fish rushing into Xitou shoal for fresh water, which is a touching scene. The whole poem combines static and dynamic, and writes the beauty and vitality of Lanxi landscape.
9. The combination of reality and fiction: it means that the real scenes and events set off against each other and interweave with the imaginary scenes and events to express the same feelings. For example, Xin Qiji's Broken Array. "Drunk Watching Sword": "Drunk watching sword, dreaming back to blow the horn. Give the roast beef to the men and the band will play northern songs. This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn. Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. In order to save the king's world, he won fame both before and after his death.
Poor hair has become a white-haired man! "The illusion of victory in the dream is in stark contrast to the reality of waking up with white hair, which makes people realize the sadness of having high aspirations and serving the country without J.
10, color rendering: For example, Du Fu's "Jueju": "Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets rise to the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward. The author emphasizes the newly grown willow branches, paired orioles, free egrets and blue sky. Four bright colors are fresh and bright, forming a gorgeous picture. Color rendering can convey happy mood, but also reflect homesickness and sadness.
For example, another poem by Du Fu, Jueju, said: "Birds in the river are too white, and blue flowers are in the mountains. I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? " This poem is rich in color and thick in ink-it gives people a pleasant view of green hills, red flowers, Bai Niao and green waves, and the scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye, paving the way for arousing wandering sadness below.