Technologies used to avoid and reduce damage caused by nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. It mainly includes detection and alarm technology, reconnaissance technology, protection technology, decontamination technology and processing technology. Nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons have different destructive effects and different protection technologies, but some technologies can also be used universally. Therefore, the three defense technologies are independent of each other and combined with each other. Three-defense technology is developed on the basis of chemical defense technology and in the struggle with three kinds of weapons.
I. Chemical weapons prevention technologies
During the First World War, chemical weapons showed great power, and various protection technologies came into being. At first, respiratory organ protection technology was used, and then gas skin protection technology was used, from individual protection to collective protection, from protection to alarm, reconnaissance, decontamination and treatment. During the Second World War, the threat of chemical warfare made the anti-chemical technology develop in an all-round way, and new chemical reconnaissance, alarm, protection and disinfection equipment and emergency treatment drugs were put into use one after another, gradually forming a relatively complete anti-chemical technology including reconnaissance technology, protection technology, disinfection technology and rescue technology. After the war, with the rapid development and application of new technologies, new progress has been made in chemical defense technology. For example, new scientific principles and technologies such as infrared, laser, microwave and computer are adopted in chemical reconnaissance technology, which improves sensitivity and rapidity and increases monitoring distance; The new achievements of anthropometry, materials science and labor protection science have been adopted in the protection technology, and the anti-virus performance and use performance of personal protective equipment have been greatly improved, and the physiological performance has also been improved;
Second, anti-nuclear weapons technology.
1945 The United States launched a nuclear attack on Japan, which promoted the rapid rise of nuclear weapon protection technology. After the war, through nearly 2,000 nuclear tests, especially 460 atmospheric nuclear tests, countries with nuclear weapons have made detailed research on various factors and effects of nuclear weapons, as well as nuclear explosion observation technology, nuclear radiation reconnaissance technology, engineering protection technology, nuclear electromagnetic pulse protection technology, radioactive pollution decontamination technology and nuclear weapon damage treatment technology, making nuclear weapon protection technology develop into a specialized military technology;
Third, biological weapons prevention technology.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the German Empire used modern science and technology to develop biological weapons, and protection technology came into being. After decades of research and exploration, the detection, inspection, prevention and disinfection of biological weapons have made great progress and become an important part of military protection. In the future, with the development of high and new technology, the three-prevention technology will surely make new breakthroughs. For example, the application of telemetry, remote control and microcomputer technology will make nuclear and biochemical reconnaissance and alarm intelligent; The application of genetic engineering technology will open up a new way for the inspection and immunization of biological warfare agents.
On doing a good job in 2006
Notice on doing a good job in the preparation of municipal civil air defense education and inspection
The township central primary schools, middle schools and schools directly under the county level:
Civil air defense education is an important part of civil air defense construction. Carrying out civil air defense education can enhance teachers and students' awareness of national defense and civil air defense, and master the basic knowledge and self-help skills of civil air defense. According to the Measures of Jiangsu Province for Implementing the National Defense and Air Defense Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Annual Plan of Yancheng Civil Air Defense Work, combined with the Notice of the Municipal Education Bureau and the Municipal Civil Air Defense Office on the Evaluation of Civil Air Defense Knowledge Education for Middle School Students in our City during the Tenth Five-Year Plan (No.612005) and the Notice of our Bureau on Civil Air Defense Knowledge Education for Primary and Secondary School Students in 2006,
1, school leaders should attach great importance to civil air defense education, constantly improve their understanding of civil air defense education, and regard civil air defense education as an important content and component of further deepening quality education in schools.
2, schools should according to the task requirements issued by the county bureau and county civil air defense office, combined with the actual situation of the school, formulate a detailed teaching plan, to ensure that the teaching object, time, teachers, content, funds and quality "six implementation", to ensure the smooth progress of civil air defense education. We should combine civil air defense knowledge education with the practice of curriculum reform in primary and secondary schools. When organizing teaching, we should highlight the key points and emphasize practicality.
3. Schools should organically combine civil air defense knowledge education with cultural knowledge learning, quality education, labor education, cultural and sports education and extracurricular activities. And take various forms of cooperation to get close to students' life, which has become students' conscious demand.
4. All schools should teach according to the plan, complete the task with good quality and quantity within the specified time, continuously improve the teaching quality, and promote the civil air defense knowledge education in our county to a new level.
5. Nine middle schools, including County No.1 Middle School, County No.2 Middle School, County No.3 Middle School, Chengnan School, Batan No.2 Middle School, Wu Xun Junior Middle School, Binhuai Junior Middle School, Linhuai Junior Middle School and Farm School, are requested to conscientiously sum up the work of civil air defense education in 2006, actively prepare for the municipal inspection and evaluation, use the pre-holiday and holiday time to prepare materials according to the evaluation requirements of the Municipal Bureau, and submit the annual education work plan and self-evaluation report (work summary) to our bureau years ago.
Attached:
1 Notice of County Bureau on Civil Air Defense Education for Primary and Secondary School Students (No.83 [2006] of Binhai Jiaofa)
2. The part about "assessment items, assessment contents and assessment methods" in the Notice of the Municipal Bureau on the assessment of civil air defense knowledge among middle school students in our city during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.
Binhai county education bureau zhongjiaoke
26/2007 1 Month
Notice on civil air defense knowledge education for primary and secondary school students
Primary schools, junior high schools, complete primary schools and county-level schools in each township:
In order to conscientiously implement the Civil Air Defense Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Decision of the Central Military Commission of the State Council on Strengthening Civil Air Defense (Zhong Fa [20065438+0] No.9) and further enhance the national defense concept and civil air defense awareness of primary and secondary school students, we hereby put forward the following opinions on civil air defense knowledge education:
I. Guiding ideology
Guided by Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, based on the decisions of the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission on strengthening civil air defense work and the Measures for Implementing the People's Republic of China (PRC) National Air Defense Law in Jiangsu Province, we will comprehensively implement the policy of "long-term preparation, key construction, combining peacetime with wartime", base ourselves on the needs of military struggle in the new era, and proceed from the need to win future high-tech local wars and air defense self-help. Through the development of civil air defense education, enhance the national defense concept and awareness of primary and secondary school students, popularize civil air defense knowledge and disaster prevention and relief knowledge, master protection and self-help skills, and educate and mobilize all teachers and students to care for and support civil air defense construction.
Second, the target of education
Arrange civil air defense knowledge education in primary and secondary schools in the county. The target of education is students in the second grade of middle school and the fifth grade of primary school.
Third, teaching organization and methods.
All primary and secondary schools should take the content of civil air defense education as an integral part of the school-based curriculum and organize their own teaching in the autumn semester. The textbook uses the book "Civil Defense Knowledge" compiled by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Jiangsu Provincial Civil Defense Office. Primary school teaching content can be selected according to actual needs, junior high school students should learn the contents of the whole book, and schools can prepare teaching outlines for students to use. Teachers should pay attention to the organic infiltration with the teaching of physics, chemistry, biology, thinking, science, health and other disciplines, in which protective training can be combined with military training, labor skills, physical education class and extracurricular activities. In the teaching arrangement, we should not only pay attention to the integration and infiltration with related disciplines, but also maintain the relative independence of civil air defense knowledge and content and pay attention to the training of protective skills. In terms of teaching methods, we should make full use of modern teaching methods according to the characteristics of teaching objects, and adopt the combination of watching videos, visiting exhibitions and classroom teaching. Therefore, civil air defense education should be integrated with ideology, knowledge, interest and practicality, intuitive and easy to understand, and the corresponding evaluation work should be organized.
The inspection and acceptance of civil air defense education shall be organized and implemented by the county education bureau and the county civil air defense office. The main assessment of teaching plan, the implementation of teaching content, as well as the teaching effect and the construction of teachers.
Fourth, several requirements.
1. It is the task entrusted by the Civil Air Defense Law to carry out civil air defense knowledge education among primary and secondary school students. Its main purpose is to strengthen students' national defense concept and people's air defense consciousness, and to learn the skills of protection, self-help and mutual rescue in wartime air defense and peacetime disaster prevention, which is an important content of students' quality education. Therefore, school leaders should attach great importance to it, vigorously support it, incorporate it into the school's annual teaching objectives, and successfully complete it.
2, the school should strive to create a demonstration school of civil air defense knowledge education, according to the task requirements issued by the county education bureau and the county civil air defense office, combined with the actual situation of the school, formulate a detailed teaching plan to ensure the teaching object, time, teachers, content, funds and quality. To strengthen the exploration and research of civil air defense knowledge education, we should combine civil air defense knowledge education with the practice of curriculum reform in primary and secondary schools. When organizing teaching, we should highlight the key points and emphasize practicality. Disaster prevention and protection should be emphasized in wartime air defense and peacetime disaster prevention and protection; Theoretical knowledge and practical exercises should emphasize practical exercises; Standard protective equipment and simple protective equipment should highlight simple protective equipment.
3. We should organically combine civil air defense knowledge education with cultural knowledge learning, quality education, labor education, cultural and sports education and extracurricular activities. And take publicity panels or columns, civil air defense knowledge contests, speech contests, theme class meetings, simple protective equipment production exhibitions, "three defenses" protection action drills and other forms of cooperation, close to students' lives and become students' conscious needs.
4. The County Education Bureau will incorporate the work of civil air defense education in schools into the annual work objectives and quality education evaluation system for assessment. The civil air defense knowledge teaching plan formulated by each school is in duplicate and submitted to the Education Unit of the County Bureau Center before September 20.
5. All primary and secondary schools should teach as planned, and complete the task with good quality and quantity before the autumn semester and winter vacation. At the end of the year, the county education bureau and the county civil air defense office will conduct spot checks and summarize all schools, continuously improve the teaching quality, and push the civil air defense knowledge education in our county to a new level.
6. All junior high schools are requested to make all the preparations for accepting the inspection and evaluation of counties and cities before the end of1(reference document: Notice of Yancheng Education Bureau and Municipal Civil Defense Office on civil defense knowledge education and evaluation of middle school students in our city during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period [2005]6 1).
The pictures are all lectures on this subject, which is probably useless. (in resources)
References:
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