1,
? During the Qingming Festival, the chill of early spring has faded, just as spring flowers are in full bloom, unlike the falling flowers everywhere in late spring, which will lead to depression. Therefore, Qingming is the best time for an outing.
? Among Tomb-Sweeping Day's related poems, the most famous one is Du Mu's Tomb-Sweeping Day. Everyone knows that it rains in succession in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
? Someone gave Du Mu's poems different sentences, which were also fresh and meaningful:
? During the Qingming Festival, it rained a lot.
? Pedestrians on the road,
? Want to break the soul.
? Excuse me, where is the restaurant?
? There are shepherd boys,
? Point to Xinghua village.
? Walking Du Mu wrote Qingming, while sitting idle Meng Haoran wrote Qingming is a thing. In Meng Haoran's view, the annual Tomb-Sweeping Day is sad and missed in the capital. The carriage is noisy, and the countryside is green and willow. Flowers and plants grow outside, birds fly, butterflies dance, and I sit in the empty lobby, recalling the past with tea instead of wine-
? The emperor emphasized clarity,
? People are worried about themselves.
? The sound of cars approaching on the road,
? The willows in the east are green.
? Flowers fall and grass grow,
? The warbler flies and the butterfly flies.
? Sitting in the empty hall, remembering each other,
? Talk over tea instead of getting drunk.
? Speaking of outing, Wei Zhuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote spring scenery to the extreme in Chang 'an Qingming Festival:
? Fleas (early morning) are rainy days that hurt spring dreams.
? But the grass is more sandy.
? At first, the official gave me a clear fire.
? When you are free, you can spend money for nothing.
? The purple stranger screamed,
? Qingyang painted a swing.
? Tourists remember peaceful events,
? The scenery is the same as before.
? The Qingming of Chang 'an City is still not as clear as that of Hangzhou West Lake. Wu Weixin, a poet in the Song Dynasty, was very happy when he wrote "Qingming is a matter of Su Causeway":
? Pears bloom in the clear air,
? Wandering around the city looking for spring.
? Leave at dusk,
? Ten thousand leaf warblers.
2,
? Not everyone was happy during his stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day. I have been to Tomb-Sweeping Day. I am from the Song Dynasty. Wang Yucheng's Qingming is very bitter. He lives in Shangzhou, penniless, and laughs at himself like a monk in a barren mountain temple. He can only comfort himself by reading and chatting:
? No flowers, no wine, a sunny day,
? The mood is as bleak as a wild monk.
? Yesterday, my neighbor begged for a new fire.
? Small window powder and desk lamp.
? The poet said that although it was sunny, he had no flowers to see and no wine to drink. Yesterday, I got a new fire from my neighbor's house. Tomb-Sweeping Day lit a lamp in the morning and read a book at the window.
? Song Dynasty poet Zhang Yan's "Zhong Chao Cuo" also wrote spring scenery, but with sadness:
? During the Qingming Festival, it rained a lot.
? The tide blocked the sand crossing the river.
? Looking at the pear flower coldly,
? The end of the world I love all my life
? Yan Hu,
? Cloud window and fog pavilion,
? A drunken crow.
? Fold a willow tree,
? Whose home is it when you come back?
? The poet was trapped by the heavy rain during his spring outing. Pear saw his appearance and blamed him for not thinking about his hometown, but about his beloved landscape. In desperation, the poet had to go to the ballroom and get drunk. But getting drunk is good, but you can't stay long. On his way home, the poet broke a willow tree, but he didn't know where to put it.
? The wanderer wants to go nowhere, and his sorrow is beyond words.
? In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Kejiu wrote his first poem "Spring Thoughts on Qingjiang River", and borrowed Tomb-Sweeping Day to express his feelings about the fleeting time:
? The oriole is crying at the door,
? It's sunny after the rain.
? Will disappear for a few days in spring,
? Acacia is thin.
? At the pear window, the beautiful woman is sobbing.
? After Tomb-Sweeping Day, the drizzle is coming. How many days can spring last? Youth is fleeting, the wanderer has not returned, and in the small window of pear flower, the beauty drinks to drown her sorrows.
3,
? Sorrow over spring is an important content in Qingming poems.
? The sorrow of Zhang Yan and Zhang Kejiu is personal, while that of Zhang Jihe and Qu Dajun is domestic.
? Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is famous for his poem "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, Bells Arrive at a Passenger Ship at midnight", while his book "Lu Men is Things" is not so famous, but the people's livelihood after writing "An Shi Rebellion" is very vivid:
? The farmer recruited the love boat,
? Spring grass is green and green;
? Try going to Wumen to see the counties and states.
? There are new smoke in several places in Qingming.
? Tomb-Sweeping Day used to be a cold food, so people could not use fire. After Tomb-Sweeping Day, there should be "new smoke everywhere", and now there is little smoke. What happened? There is no one left. Lumen is in Suzhou, a land of plenty, but during the war, farmers were called to fight, and a large area of land was deserted, and few people ignited new smoke. It is ingenious to write about the disaster of war by ignoring the kitchen smoke.
Ren Xu's Qingming Left is a poem by Qu Dajun, a adherent of the Ming Dynasty, which vividly shows the pain of the country's failure to revive:
? It's cold in the morning and cloudy at night.
? I don't think spring is in the depths of my sadness.
? Falling flowers shed tears because of wind and rain,
? From ancient times to the present, birds are heartless.
? The old country is a dream,
? Chinese characters are selling like hot cakes again.
? The dragon and snake have nowhere to run,
? Cold food is very popular every year.
? Qu Dajun is a famous scholar and poet. He has been engaged in anti-Qing activities when he was young. After middle age, he retired and concentrated on writing. The first year of Ren Xu was 1682 (twenty-first year of Qing Emperor Kangxi). At this time, it has been 40 years since the Qing soldiers entered the customs, and the restoration of the old country has become a fantasy. Therefore, the poet said that the "dragon snake" (a metaphor for the dormant person) disappeared in vain and had no place to stand. Every time it became more and more sentimental and painful, he was deeply worried and angry.
? Qu Dajun's poems, with generous and vigorous style, heavy and magnificent emotions and bright and magnificent words, had a great influence at that time.
4,
? There was a "Jianghu school" in the Southern Song Dynasty, not a Wulin person, but a poetry school. Most of the poets in this school have no official positions and are at ease. One of the masters of Jianghu School is Gao Zhu, a native of Yuyao. He has a poem "Drinking in Qingming Festival", which is bleak:
? There are many cemeteries in the North and South Mountains.
? Tomb-Sweeping Day swept away different views.
? Paper ashes fly into white butterflies,
? Tears were dyed red with blood azaleas.
? At sunset, the fox sleeps on the grave.
? At night, children laugh at the lights.
? If there is wine in life, there must be drunkenness.
? Not a drop reached Jiuquan.
? Tomb-Sweeping Day, a poet, came to visit the grave, burned paper and wept bitterly. Tears of missing dripped into blood. After sweeping the grave, they went home and their children were very happy. Only the fox did not leave. As the saying goes, "When a fox dies, he will rush to the mound" (even if he dies, he should aim his head in the direction of the mound). "With foxes like this, how can people be inferior?" It seems that "there is wine to drink in life" is still true.
Grave-sweeping is another important activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Generally speaking, when it comes to sweeping poems, everyone will quote this one by Gao Zhu.
? This poem has been selected in "Poems of a Thousand Families" and is widely circulated. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, some people fought for the graveyard and killed people. A scholar changed the wording of Gao Zhu's poem, even with irony and persuasion, which was full of fun:
? North and south mountains compete for the tomb field,
? Tomb-Sweeping Day's fighting is different.
? Butterflies that tear their clothes white,
? Cuckoo who beat your head red.
? At sunset, dead bodies sleep on graves,
? At night, my child cries in front of the lamp.
? There are many things to do in life,
? Have you been to Jiuquan?
? Gao Zhu's poems are fresh, simple and natural. Just like his life, he has been traveling all his life.
? Gao Qi, a great poet in the early Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem "Send Chen Xiucai back to the tomb of Shashang Province", which wrote the cold silence of Qingming after the shuddering:
? Covered in blood, tears and dust,
? It's sad to go back to China after the chaos.
? The wind, rain and pears are cold,
? How many descendants of graves have come?
? Gao Qi lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty and was in a state of war. This poem says: After the war, they finally returned to their hometown in clothes covered with blood, tears and dust, just in time for the cold food and Qingming Festival, but when they saw pear flower falls, few people visited the grave because their descendants died in the war. There are only 28 words, but every word is bloody.
? As for who can write the pain of an empty house, we should also push Qin Lue's "Regret for the Past":
? Since ancient times, I have been sentimental.
? Fight to the death and forget each other.
? The tomb is three feet on the barren slope,
? Old eyes shed a few lines of tears.
? The troubled spring breeze blew away dreams,
? Ruthless Leng Yue shines longer.
? Going home happens to be the new cold food festival.
? I can't bear to see empty paper hanging on the wall.
? "The troubled spring breeze blew away the dream, and the ruthless Leng Yue took longer." No matter how good the dream is, it will eventually disperse. When I wake up, I will see "an empty room hanging on the wall" and spend a long night under the Leng Yue. This poem has only eight sentences, but it occupies a place in China's mourning poems.
? Spring is not all pink and Li Bai, singing and dancing.
5,
? Wu Wenying was a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wu Wenying in a Dream Window has 340 words, which is second only to Xin Qiji (more than 600 songs). I prefer his words, such as illusory artistic realm, which can condense different time and space scenes into one picture. Predecessors commented: "In the Song Dynasty, there was a Muslim (Zhou Bangyan) in front and a dream window in the back." Although it is a one-sided view, it is not completely unreasonable. Wu Wenying has many good words, so it's no wonder that his predecessors compiled hundreds of Song San's poems and chose him as the most.
? Qingming hurts spring, and the most wonderful thing is Wu Wenying's "The Wind Into the Pine":
? Listen to the wind and rain,
? Worried about grass and flowers.
? The green and dark roads in front of the building,
? A touch of willow leaves, an inch of tenderness.
? Cold spring wine,
? Twinkle at dawn and cry at night.
? Xiyuan sweeps the forest pavilion every day.
? Still enjoying the new sunshine.
? The wasp pounced a thousand times,
? At that time, my hands were fragrant.
? I can't spend my honeymoon with you,
? The secluded steps were covered with moss all night.
? This word is a work of "thinking about concubines", and it is also a word that hurts spring.
? Try to translate:
? Listen to the wind and rain, live alone and be clear. Bury the fallen flowers, full of sadness, and draft the inscription on the buried flowers. The place to say goodbye in front of the building is now a shade, and every wisp of willow is entrusted with a tender feeling. Drinking alone in the cold spring, I wanted to reunite with the beauty by dreams, but I was awakened by the warbler. I clean the pavilions and Woods in Xiyuan every day, and still come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the new sunny day. The rope that bees often swing on must have the fragrance you held in your hand. How sad I am, but I have never heard from you. On the lonely and empty steps, green moss grows overnight.
? In the biting wind and rain, Wu Wenying spent Tomb-Sweeping Day alone. It's like a dream to think of living here with my beloved in the past. I never saw her in the garden again, and the sadness of missing was as green as moss on the steps.
? People can't live in spring when they go to the garden. Concerned about the wind and rain, cherish the years, hurt parting, as if yesterday.
? In fact, the most painful thing in life is to know how to cherish after losing it. In this case, it is better to meet the person you want to see now and do what you want without regret.