Author: Anonymous article Source: Unknown hits: 136 Updated on April 25, 2005
Poems from pre-Qin to Sui Dynasty. Volume 135, edited by Jin (19 10 ~ 1973). Kuaiqinli, word Zhuoting, Shandong □ Savage. Graduated from Chinese Department of Peking University, and was once a professor of Chinese Department of Northeast Normal University.
A collection of poems in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, including Feng Weiner's poems in the Ming Dynasty and Ding's Poems of All Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in modern times. The former is chaotic and does not distinguish between authenticity and falsehood; Although the latter tried to correct the previous mistakes, he failed to complete his own mistakes and lost the songs and poems of the pre-Qin period. Neither book is quoted. The advantages of Kun are as follows: ① The materials are extensive. All the works before the Sui Dynasty were compiled except The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. There are 4 groups of 300 kinds cited. ② The source is detailed. Every poem should be marked in what book and volume, that is, the words only have rhyme, without exception. ③ There is a large amount of foreign language information. Different versions of books, or different versions of a book, and even the collation results of predecessors are recorded by people with full reference. Examination and careful examination. There are many original ideas in the book. ⑤ Reasonable arrangement. According to the author's birth and death years, it can show the connection and influence between writers in the same period, and it is also convenient to compare different poetry styles and schools. But before it is finalized, the compiler will die, so there will inevitably be errors. However, the book is still the most complete and convenient to use in its kind. This book is printed and published by Zhonghua Book Company 1983.
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Bibliographic Questions and Answers on Literature and History: A Collection of Songs, Poems and Proverbs before Tang Dynasty
-Li's Poems of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties series
During the 900-year period from Qin and Han Dynasties to the end of Sui Dynasty, there were frequent wars and political changes in China. However, "swaying melody" is bound to be "dancing and singing", and the literary creation in this period is very prosperous in terms of category number and critical understanding. According to the Records of Sui Shu Classics, there is only one kind in this period, namely, 437 volumes, 438 1 volume. If you add the collection of the early Tang Dynasty, it will reach 886 volumes, 8 126 volumes. Unfortunately, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, after the disaster of war, the loss of ancient books in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties was particularly serious and almost did not exist. Today, we can still see the old collections before the Tang Dynasty, but only Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Lu Yun, Tao Yuanming, Bao Zhao and Jiang Yan. Other poetry collections were compiled by people after the Song Dynasty. Previous compilation results naturally have the function of saving information, but the quality is uneven. For example, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Feng Weine compiled the Ji of Ancient Poetry, with a total volume of 156, so-called "going back to Sui and going to Huang Xuan". Except for 300 articles, all the articles are simple and plain, and the words only rhyme and are completely disorganized; From the Qin and Han dynasties, poets, lonely Zhang, Yuefu songs and nursery rhymes are all-encompassing; Seven seeks, four seeks the dove, Qi Xie, Yu Chu's ambition, all search how ". Predecessors also praised this book "from ancient times to Sui Chen, it was a net loss and made great contributions to the art garden" (Biography of Feng Weine, a Poetic Talk in Past Dynasties). As far as the collection of literary materials before the Tang Dynasty is concerned, Feng Weiner can be regarded as the pioneer of Lanlv Road, and The Book of Ancient Poetry still has reference value today. However, Feng's lack of textual research skills led to mixed authenticity and repeated mistakes, and even included some works after the Tang Dynasty, which became a joke in the art forest. Feng Shu, a Qing man, attacked this crude style of study, wrote a volume of poems and records, and corrected 1 12 mistakes. In modern times, Ding made full use of Feng Shu's theory, gained and lost ancient poems, removed their complexity and absurdity, and compiled 54 volumes of Poems of All Han, Three Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Ding Shu has been widely circulated since its publication, and scholars have benefited a lot from it. However, Ding Shu also has obvious disadvantages. First, it doesn't accept the ballads and poems of the pre-Qin period, and it can't be used as the front of the whole Tang poetry. Second, the recorded poems do not indicate the source, which is unbelievable. Third, attacking Kuangmiao Publishing House failed to correct the mistakes in the original book. It can be seen that there are still many difficulties and limitations if the records of ancient poems in the three kingdoms of Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are used as reference books for us to read and study the literature of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
1In September, 983, Zhonghua Book Company published Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties edited by Kuaiqin, and the data problem in our reading and research was finally solved. The publication of this book has laid a solid foundation for the future study of literature in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, which is indeed something to celebrate.
Qi (1911-1973) is a great thinker in Juye, Shandong province. 1939 Kunming The National SouthWest Associated University studied literature of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in Peking University College of Literature after graduation. 1973 Before his death, he was a professor in the Chinese Department of Northeast Normal University and the head of the Department of Classical Literature. As early as 1940, Mr. Yun made up his mind to re-collect songs, poems and proverbs from ancient times to the end of Sui Dynasty and find a new version. He devoted himself to studying all the poems in the Collection of Ancient Poems and proofreading them one by one. During 465, 438+0 to 42 years, he wrote several monographs, such as Collection and Supplement of Ancient Poems, Supplement of Ji Gu's Poems, and Bielu of China's Poems, and made his compilation and research experience public. By the end of 1947, he had completed the first draft of Poems of Pre-Qin, Three Kingdoms, Two Dynasties, Two Jin Dynasties and Southern and Northern Dynasties (named Poems of Pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties when published), but due to the changes of the times, he had no time to revise it. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was recruited from Guangxi to teach in the northeast, and the revision was intermittent. Because of the change in the style of this book, it was not until 1964 that the book was finalized, which lasted for 24 years.
Poems of the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties * *135 volume, except The Book of Songs and Songs of Chu, collected all the songs, poems and proverbs from the pre-Qin to the end of Sui Dynasty. Among them, there are seven volumes of pre-Qin poetry, including songs, poems and proverbs; Twelve volumes of China's poems, including ancient poems and Yuefu; Twelve volumes of Poems of Wei, including the works of Shu and Wu; Twenty-one poems by Jin Shi, twelve poems by Song Dynasty, seven poems by Qi Dynasty, thirty poems by Liang Dynasty, four poems by Northern Wei Dynasty, four poems by Northern Qi Dynasty, six poems by Northern Zhou Dynasty, ten poems by Chen Dynasty and ten poems by Sui Dynasty, as well as poems by Shi, fairy tales and ghost songs. There are more than 800 authors whose surnames can be tested. Nearly 300 kinds of books are cited. It can be said that the former books include a collection of poems before the Tang Dynasty, such as Selected Works, Yutai New Poems, Yuefu Poems, Guangwen Selected Works, Ancient Poetry Garden, Selected Poems Garden and Ancient Proverbs, which have all been screened and collected by books. Not only the books and collections were carefully examined, but also a large number of ancient books, historical places, miscellaneous books, Buddhism and Taoism, historical novels, poetry reviews, and even books written by Shu Wei and Dunhuang were extensively consulted. This poem of pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties started in ancient times and ended in the end of Sui Dynasty. It is extensive and accurate, and it is a masterpiece in books. Therefore, it is more appropriate to regard it as the front of the whole Tang poetry.
Poetry in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties far exceeds similar collections compiled by predecessors in content. Generally speaking, it has five characteristics: (1) Rich materials. The book Fan Fan said: "Based on Feng Weiner's Collection of Ancient Poems and Yang Shoujing's Ancient Poems, we collected a wide range of books, carefully edited them, made up mistakes and corrected them, and compiled 135 volumes of poems in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties." The books he quoted are twice as many as those of ancient poetry, and the materials are not complete. (2) The information is reliable. No matter the whole poem or the incomplete sentence, it is very convenient for readers to quote and re-examine. (3) Detailed preparation of different languages. All the recorded poems are found in books in different languages, or in different versions of a book, as well as in the collation results of predecessors, and are recorded. (4) Check carefully. This is an aspect that editors do the most and can best reflect the academic standard of this book. Editors have many insights, such as distinguishing authenticity, determining times, modifying topics, dividing chapters, and analyzing genres. (5) the preparation is appropriate. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial clan often compiled a general collection first, and the Taoist priest and his wife (woman) attached another volume. This book breaks the rules and takes the date of the author's death as the order. Those who only know the approximate age but don't know the age or the date of death are still listed at the end of each volume along the old examples of ancient poetry. This arrangement is very clear and helps readers to know others and discuss the world. Of course, the advantages of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are not limited to these five aspects, but this is just a great example. But it is these aspects that provide very convenient conditions for us to study the history of literary development and draw artistic nutrition from ancient poetry.
The explanation of the general collection category of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu says: "Literary works are becoming more and more popular, and there is no unified discipline, so we pretend to be a general collection. The snare fell, and the chapter zero was broken; One is to eliminate many weeds, so that weeds can be salted out and the essence can come out. It is a solid reference for the article and the source of the work. " Here, the requirements for compiling the master set and the functions of the master set are explained. Poetry in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties all met the requirements of "filling in the gaps and explaining the losses" and "eliminating the complexity and simplifying", so it will certainly play a great role as "the balance of articles and the source of works". The space of this article is limited, so it is impossible to discuss it comprehensively. Please give a few examples to get a glimpse.
First of all, we can look at the evolution of poetic styles in past dynasties. When we look at the map of the world, we can see at a glance that the land and sea are connected and the ups and downs are gradual. The collection of poems and songs of past dynasties can also make readers condescend and have a bird's eye view of the overall situation, and have some intuitive understanding of the ups and downs of poetry creation of various generations and their interrelationships and influences.
Second, it is convenient to compare different schools and styles. For example, when reading Wei's poems, three Cao and seven Jian 'an scholars can appreciate the "style" of Jian 'an literature, that is, "profound ambition" and "broad outline", while Ruan Ji and Ji Kang can also see the character of Zhengshi's poems, just the opposite. This is very convenient for us to study the relationship between poetry and social life and the artistic law of poetry itself.
Third, the reliable basis for knowing people and discussing the world. When talking about the compilation of collected works, Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Classification is conducive to trying to figure out articles, and chronology is conducive to understanding the current situation. If you want to meet people and discuss the world, you must look at the chronological collection. " Although it is impossible to determine the age of the works of various schools, all the authors are arranged in the order of birth and death. As far as the book is concerned, it is similar to a chronological style. This enables us to comprehensively look at the overall literary style of a certain era, analyze the characteristics of an author in this era, and his position at that time and later generations.
Fourth, it can fill the gap in the study of literary history. Today, our research on ancient authors is based on the existing works on the one hand, and the previous comments on the other. If you can't see the rest of the works at all, this kind of research will be very difficult. For example, at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a (Du Xuan) who said in Xu Jinyangqiu that "inquiring about talents is good at writing" and Sun Chuo was "a scholar for a while". "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yu Wen Pian" said: "Bamboo slips praise the cloud:' Du Xuan's five-character poems are wonderful. "Liang Rongrong's Poetry also said:" It is an indifferent word to call Sun and Xu in the world. " It serves to show that Xu Xun's reputation was outstanding that day. Seven Records contains eight volumes of Xu Xunji, only three volumes of Sui and Tang Zhi, which have not been recorded since the Song Dynasty. Today, it is impossible to comprehensively evaluate Xu Xun's literary achievements. Fortunately, the poems of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties sorted out one of his poems, Bamboo Fan, and four incomplete sentences for us, only to reveal a little "quiet" style. Comparing with the poems of Guo Pu and others next door, we can also discover some clues that Sun and Xu "merged into literary schools".
Fifth, the edit button can enlighten readers. Mr. Kai devoted his whole life to the study of literature in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, with profound attainments, and had many original opinions on the editing and proofreading of poems in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. For example, there is a remark in Lu Yun's poem "Being a Scholar by Thinking Literally" under the title of six chapters: "This collection of poems is called" Being engaged in the corps commander Zhang Yanming as the Guards of China ",and the following is the decree, with the word" Parallel Order "placed on the title. Because the preface says that Xi Du Fu's poem is the magistrate of Jixian County, the Book of Songs moved the following "Xi Du Fu's poem" to the preface of the next article "Giving the Prefecture of Jixian County". According to this episode, the Book of Songs is all wrong. In the poem, it is said that "going abroad and entering the country" is not only given to. If the Book of Songs is taken as an example, there will be conflicts between poems, which shows that Xi Du Shi cannot be transferred to other articles. The relationship between Zhang Yanming and Xi Du Shi, who is engaged in the match between Chinese and Langs, is a long problem. The proofreader didn't know it, and it was unreasonable to cut it into two pieces by mistake. " As can be seen from this example, this book is not only informative, but also helpful for academic research.
The academic value and use value of poems in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, I believe readers will have more experience when studying them, so I won't repeat them here. Last but not least, there are still some omissions in this book. For example, some authors and chapters lose textual research and follow the mistakes of old books; The poems received are also omitted or repeated; Some authors' arrangements are unreasonable, and so on. Readers still need to pay attention to identification when using it. But generally speaking, Poems of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are the most complete and excellent poems before the Tang Dynasty.