Translation and annotation translation: Bowing should be the most difficult, and archery should be the longest. If you shoot a person, you must shoot a horse. If you catch a thief, you must catch their leader. There should be restrictions on killing people, and all countries have national boundaries. As long as we can stop the enemy's aggression, is it necessary to kill more people in the war?
Pay attention to pull: pull. When: I should. Length: refers to the long arrow. Capture: capture. The first four sentences are very similar to proverbs, which may be popular battle songs in the army at that time. The horse's target is easy to shoot, but the horse will kill or hurt people, so shoot the horse first, the snake will have no head, and the king will be scattered when the thief is caught, so catch the king first. The idea is to capture the sentence of the king, and the last four sentences are the extension of this sentence. There are also restrictions: that is to say, there are also restrictions, and there are masters and followers. Inherit the meaning of the previous sentence. Shen Deqian's evaluation of Du Shiou is: "There is a limit to killing all books, but there is no limit to killing Wen Zhiming. It is more interesting to say it in an open and closed language. " It's not true. Nation: country. Xinjiang: the border. Having your own boundary means that there is always a boundary that can be opened again. And the "how much to open the border" in the first poem of the former frontier fortress. Gou Neng: If possible. Invade the mausoleum: invade. What: no. The last two sentences say that if we can invade abroad, we just need to catch its chief, and there is no need to kill more people. Bird's "Du Essence": "The words of a big economy are all said by the guards. Here we can clearly see Du Fu's political views.
The creation background of Nine Frontier Poems (Part VI) was in the 11th year of Tianbao (752). The Frontier Poem written by 40-year-old Du Fu was a series of poems with military themes. This period was also the growth period of the Tang Dynasty, accompanied by the military expansion of the Tang Dynasty. Most of the court's predictions were optimistic, but Du Fu didn't quite agree with the military line of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
Zhu said that these nine poems were written for Geshuhan's fighting in Tubo in the last years of Tianbao. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, in order to satisfy his desire for great success and plunder wealth, he constantly launched unjust wars in border areas. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), Dong attacked Tubo Shibao City; In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Ge led 100,000 troops to attack Shibao City again, and most of the soldiers died in battle, with rivers of blood. In the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1), Jiannan was ordered by the Central China to attack Nanzhao, and 60,000 people died. Gao Xianzhi attacked the big food and An Lushan attacked the Khitan, and the people in both places suffered greatly. This group of poems was created under such a historical background.
The author of the sixth appreciation is Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The poet wrote nine frontier poems first, and then five frontier poems. Add "before" and "after" to show the difference. "Before Leaving the Village" is a current event of Ge's conquest of Tubo in the last years of Tianbao, which is intended to satirize arrogance. This article was originally listed as the sixth article, which is a relatively famous one. The first four sentences of the poem are very similar to the popular battle songs in the army at that time. They are quite charming and interesting, and win the main points of discussion. Therefore, Huang Sheng said that it is "like ballads and proverbs, it is the most wonderful place of Yuefu". Two "dangs" and two "firsts" are witty remarks, which open people's minds, put forward the key to combat steps, and emphasize that troops should be strong, morale should be high, strategies should be used against the enemy, and wisdom and courage should be used together. Expressing four sentences in a row is like summing up combat experience. But judging from the whole article, it is not the main idea of the work, but just a foil for the following. The last four sentences show the ultimate goal of going to the border to fight. "There is a limit to killing people, and all ethnic groups have their own borders. If you can invade the mausoleum, how can you kill more? Poet's speech, expressing his mind, hit the floor. In his view, keeping Qiang Bing is only for guarding the border, not for fighting. Whether "shooting horses" for the enemy's sake, "killing people" for necessity, or "capturing the king" for Qiang Bing's sake, we should confine ourselves to "controlling the invasion of the mausoleum", and we should not tamper with the war cases, let alone arrogantly invade foreign countries. This idea of fighting with war and stopping aggression with Qiang Bing is a grand theory and a good strategy to ensure border security; It reflects the interests of the country and the wishes of the people. Therefore, Zhang Hui said in "Du Fu Yao" that these words are "from the mouth of the guards". From the perspective of artistic conception, the author adopts the method of promoting first and then restraining: the first four sentences are based on popular and philosophical proverbs, telling how to train and use soldiers and how to defeat the enemy; The last four sentences are about how to control martial arts, avoid war, and force out the original intention of "stopping fighting for martial arts." "First auxiliary pen, then main pen; Between the auxiliary pen and the main pen, it seems to be sweeping, but in fact it is connected, seemingly contradictory, but actually dialectical. Because there is no reliable armament, it is impossible to stop foreign aggression; However, it is not advisable to rely on strong armed forces and resort to belligerence. Therefore, the poet advocates both supporting Qiang Bing and "controlling the invasion of the mausoleum", which is in line with the interests of the vast majority of people. Pu Yin Long read Du Xin Jie and said with great insight: "The above four sentences were so soaring, and the following four sentences were suddenly swept away, and the rabbits fell down. It really happened! If so! The "soaring" and "sweeping" mentioned here refer to the surging momentum and waves in the works; The "rabbit rises and falls" mentioned here refers to the profound theme of "supporting and opposing weapons" naturally revealed in the momentum of Pentium. In the Tang dynasty, there were few works that won by argument, but this poem was famous for its argument; Its high conception, strong integrity, strong philosophy and great momentum have won high praise. Poems: Nine, Six Author: Classification of Du Fu's Poems in Tang Dynasty: Debate, War and Philosophy