In the history of the development of Song poetry, Su Shi and Xin Qiji are both called bold poets. They all have a heroic and generous artistic conception, and they all played a key role and made great contributions to the development of Song Ci, and are called "Su Xin". At the same time, Su Shi's masterful hand first tried bold poetry and started the Xin School of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty; Xin Qiji inherited and pushed the bold poetry to the peak of Song poetry. However, due to many factors such as life circumstances and social status, the two people have many differences in many aspects such as emotional color and ideological style. In addition, due to the differences in artistic styles, the bold styles of Su and Xin are naturally very different.
1. Similarities between Su and Xin’s heroic poems
Su Shi and Xin Qiji created the bold school with their positive and broad minds, warm and unrestrained emotions, and sincere and deep feelings. This established their lofty status in the history of poetry. Su Xin and Su Xin are both outstanding representatives of the Haofang School, and they have many similarities in the creation and artistic style of Haofang Ci.
1. Su and Xin Cifeng both have a majestic and bold style.
The poems of Su Shi and Xin Qiji are full of passionate and unrestrained pride. Not only singing for human life, but also shouting for achievements; sighing for temples and palaces, and chanting for legendary rivers and mountains. It is using life to compose heroism.
Since it was said that "Bachelor's Ci requires the Han Dynasty in Guanxi, using copper pipa and iron chaoban to sing 'The Great River Goes East'", people in the world have often commented on Dongpo's Ci as "bold and unrestrained". It can be seen that Su Ci's mental journey of striving for detachment and self-adaptation and his constant pursuit of perfection, as well as his wild, romantic, sentimental and thoughtful personality, often infused a deep sense of history and life into the majestic and magnificent natural beauty. Chen Yanchuo of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Baiyu Zhai Ci Hua" that "Dongpo's Huanxi Sha" (visiting Qishui Qingquan Temple) said: 'Who knows that life will never be short, you can see that the flowing water can still reach the west. Don't sing yellow chicken with white hair.' The more sad and depressed, The more bold and unrestrained, the more loyal. It fascinates me." Here we can see that Su Shi combined his spiritual character and temperament with his lyrics, and felt the embrace behind him through his lyrics.
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Fierce and deep patriotic passion and a strong sense of mission to take the world as one's own responsibility, as well as fierce efforts and desire to integrate personal life pursuits into the fight against gold and restoration of the soil The needs of the times have given Xin Ci a lot of "dominance" and "arrogance". For example, in "Yong Yu Le" (Nostalgia for the Past in Guting, Beigu, Jingkou), his "gold and iron horse" and his "swallowing thousands of miles" are all foreshadowed by the majestic momentum, saying "Who can ask: Mr. Lian Po" Come on, can you still make a living?"
Love life and love the motherland, showing full of pride and ambition. This is exactly the passionate and passionate artistic style unique to Su and Xin Hao's poetry.
2. Su and Xin both made creative developments in the style of words and opened up the context of words.
Su Shi’s first attempt at heroic poetry opened up the Xin School of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty; Xin Qiji inherited and pushed the bold poetry to the pinnacle of Song poetry.
Su Shi was committed to opening up the realm of words and expanding the expressive functions of words, breaking the traditional barriers of "poetry expresses ambition and words express emotions", as well as the limitation of subject matter and phonology of "words are Yanke". In other words, once the words are in Su Shi's hands, they can express his ambition once they are washed away with the beautiful fragrance. He found a new way on the basis of his predecessors, and unexpectedly created the bold Ci style with a completely different style. Hu Yin praised in his "Words on Wine" that "the state of Qiluo's fragrance is washed away, and the state of preparation is freed." Su Shi wrote his great ambitions and ideals into his poetry, frankly revealed his inner feelings, and entered the country of poetry, thus starting the Xin School of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty.
On this basis, Xin Qiji introduced prose techniques into the lyrics, which not only expanded the expressive content of the words, but also closely combined the content and form of the words, and also increased the charm of the lyrics. Strong momentum. And "the key to the success of this prose technique is that Xin Qiji has abundant and intense emotions, which makes the character of lyrical literature not fundamentally changed, but more vibrant than conventional works." ① In addition, the artistic conception of Xin's poems can be said to be all-encompassing, with a deep and vast time and space structure, and his brushstrokes can be traced into distant historical eras. And his playful subject-object question-and-answer style and other creations reflect his unprecedented creative ability.
Su Shi laid the foundation for the development of Haofang Ci, and Xin Qiji pushed Haofang Ci to its peak. Both of them broke the limitation of "words are Yanke", expanded the artistic conception of words, and enriched the language and expressive power of words. Made outstanding contributions to the birth and development of Haofang Ci.
3. Su's and Xin's poems both express the sympathy of the Communists who have unrecognized talents and unrealized ambitions.
"Talent is not appreciated" and "ambitions are hard to realize" seem to be the common labels for the depressed literati in ancient times. Most of them had a miserable life, sometimes feeling sentimental about current events, sometimes worrying about the continuous wars on the border. Looking up into the distance and writing with an inkstone is the best way for them to express the deep emotions in their hearts.
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When Dongpo experienced the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was demoted to Huangzhou during the Literary Prison, the fetters of official career and the "wild" freedom had an even more intense conflict. "It is nominally a reflection and repentance, but in fact it is a painful lesson. The concept of pursuing individual freedom is becoming more and more persistent and firm: 'Although I am poor and inferior to others, I still want to be one of the people.' It can be described as a lost dog, unwilling to "The ears are broken and the bones are thrown." (One of the three poems in "Ci Yun Kong Yi's father has been in drought for a long time and there is heavy rain") ②
The era when Xin Qiji lived was "South and North." times of division.
The successive years of domestic and foreign wars after the "Jingkang Incident" provided a rare historical opportunity for him to "try to mend the sky". Prompted him to have a clearer understanding of reality both politically and spiritually. However, the security of the current situation still concerns his heart, and the patriotic enthusiasm to resist the Jin Dynasty and regain the soil often ripples in his heart. The talented Xin Qiji failed to be appointed and was repeatedly framed. He was dismissed three times and was unemployed for 20 years. The passion cannot be vented, so I can only sing tragically and generously. Once the words are written, how can this hero not pour out his words?
2. The Differences between Su and Xin’s Bold Ci
As the saying goes, “One kind of rice feeds a hundred kinds of people.” What’s more, they are two people from different eras and have different life experiences. Where are people?
1. Su Shi "used poetry as lyrics", while Xin Qiji "used literature as lyrics".
Su Shi used poems as lyrics to make the language of lyrics argumentative; Xin Qiji "used text as lyrics" to make Song poetry prose.
There are more than 2,700 Su poems and more than 340 Su Ci poems in existence. In terms of poetry themes, there are social and political poems, landscape poems, philosophical poems, and lyrical poems about gifts and replies. "Using poetry as words" means to fully incorporate the theme, image, artistic conception, and creative methods of the poem into words. It has greatly liberated the style of words and broken some boundaries of poetry in terms of life content, ideological perception, form and rhythm. Develop it into a new paradigm of independent lyricism. In the letter "With Cai Jingfan", he said, "I was surprised when I promulgated new words. The ancients also had long and short sentences. I tried to follow them." He regarded the poems as having the same origin and believed that Cai's poems were in line with the poetry of the ancients, not the form. The purpose is to seek similarities, but to gain similarities with the ancients from their spiritual inspiration. From this we can see Dongpo's pursuit of Ci poetry itself. He tried to treat Ci poetry as a new style of poetry. Su Dongpo believed that Ci "is the descendant of poetry" and used poetry as Ci, realizing the mutual penetration of Ci and poetry, and pioneeringly expanding the subject matter of Ci. Mortal people's aspirations, explanations, satires, humor, and even many emotions such as joy, anger, sorrow, and joy can be included in the lyrics.
Xin Qiji introduced this prose technique into his poetry and used folk sayings, which not only did not break the boundaries between poetry, poetry and even prose, but also expanded the inherent expression field of poetry, and also increased the power of his poetry. momentum. In particular, philosophical content is intertwined with a variety of means into the words, resulting in the effect of replacing emotions with interesting reasons, which is concentratedly reflected in his interesting words, retreat words and some lyrical words describing scenes. These thoughts should have the effect of prose. In addition, the lyrics also creatively integrate writing techniques from various literary styles such as the Book of Songs and Ci Fu in terms of lyrical discussion. Realized "using text as words".
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2. Su Shi and Xin Qiji have different degrees of exploring the realm of poetry.
Su Shi, who mastered the art of poetry, not only improved the literary status of poetry and carried out a comprehensive reform of the style of poetry, but it was only at the time of Su Shi that poetry broke the barriers of "Yanke", and the content of his poetry was even more intense. wide. Su Dongpo believed that Ci "is the descendant of poetry" and used poetry as Ci to realize the interpenetration between Ci and poetry, pioneeringly expanded the subject matter of Ci and opened up the realm of Ci. Through creative practice, Dongpo made the subject matter, content and style of his poetry shine. His lyrics include at least about twenty types of works, including chanting ancient times, nostalgia, pastoral, loyal to the king, patriotism, concern for the people, love, history, objects, feelings, farewells, and mourning. Mortal people's aspirations, explanations, satires, humor, and even many emotions such as joy, anger, sorrow, and joy can be included in the lyrics.
Xin Qiji's bold words also reflect a very broad social content, and "use words as text", with unprecedented creative ability. Along with prose culture, it also created typical structures such as subject-object question-and-answer style, which are lively and varied in composition and are not restricted by the conventional composition of words. In particular, he likes to use modal particles and function words such as "Zhihuzheye" in the classics and history, which causes the language to be loose.
3. In terms of Ci style, Dongpo is broad-minded and Jiaxuan is sad and indignant.
Su Shi and Xin Qiji are both important writers of heroic poetry in the Song Dynasty, but their styles of poetry have differences that cannot be ignored. Su Ci is good at integrating personal experiences with the description of the natural environment. He tends to seek transcendence and relief from pain. He appropriately combines profound connotation with casualness and natural expression, thus arriving at his bold and transcendent life. When he was ostracized, Dongpo drank calmly and sang "I want to ride the wind back, but I'm afraid that the beautiful buildings and jade houses will be too cold at high places, so I can dance to clear the shadows." Isn't he depressed? Not sad? The answer is yes. But being open-minded by nature, he prefers to let go, look at life with a smile, and let the years eliminate and transform all the desolation with a detached and optimistic attitude.
Influenced by the guidance of our ancestors to "climb high and look into the distance, point out the mountains and rivers, rise up with thoughts and provocations, and relieve the anger of Dai Tian who is not allowed to be suppressed by the emperor and father ("Ten Essays on Meiqin")", I was deeply influenced by the teachings of my ancestors. Xin Qiji, who had a strong sense of national distress, naturally connected his personal experiences with the destiny of the country. In his works, he showed his concern for the future of the country and his determination to restore the Central Plains, and his strong patriotism contained tragedy. He lit up the lamp to read the sword, but the reality was beyond his control. The fate of the country was in turmoil, and Jiaxuan, who was depressed and frustrated, could only linger in a heavy sense of mission and an unrelieved depression. So he had no choice but to spit out his strong passion.
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In short, Dongpo is broad-minded and Jiaxuan is sad and angry.
4. The language of Su Ci is natural, smooth and fresh; Xin Ci uses a lot of dictionaries and is slightly obscure.
In terms of language style, Su Shi was inherently uninhibited, positive and optimistic.
Therefore, the language of Su Ci appears natural, smooth and fresh. Su Shi, who was repeatedly demoted, understood life and death, lived in entertainment, and could turn anything into joy and encouragement. His spiritually transcendent lyrics were fresh, elegant, and naturally fluent.
In some works, Xin's Ci overly relies on the role of allusions in conveying emotions. Allusions are repeated throughout the text but the main purpose is unclear. The language is too vulgar and slightly obscure. There is even a hint of "dropping the book bag". For example, five allusions are used in the phrase "Yong Yu Le" (Nostalgia for the Past in Guting, Beigu, Jingkou). Of course, these allusions are the many delicate emotions of this great man from Guandong, or they are allusions. Express endless emotions through short allusions, so as to be short and concise, concise and concise.
Conclusion
As representatives of bold Ci, Su Shi and Xin Qiji have worked hard for the development and improvement of Ci. Regardless of the similarities or differences, they all witness their different lives together, looking for their own unique heroism and passion. Perhaps it is such a generous spirit that has already made their great contribution to the study of poetry.