"The people are suffering and the bottom of the pen is turbulent; Creations in the world, saints in poetry. Eye wangjiang surface, the earth is not owned by Li Tang; A cavity princess is Du Lingchun's thatched cottage. The thatched cottage will be passed down to future generations, and the poets will live forever. "
Students, who are the characters in these couplets? Yes, it's Du Fu.
When Du Fu was 25 years old, his father Du Xian was Sima, Yanzhou, Shandong. He once used the opportunity of being a mother to travel around Shandong. This poem was written at that time. When we read Du Fu's poems after "An Shi Rebellion", we often think that he is a depressed old man. However, reading this song feels completely different. His ambition and heroism will excite you.
Second, the author profile:
The great realistic poet Du Fu left us more than 1400 poems. These poems, like a mirror, widely and profoundly reflect the true historical features of the Tang society from prosperity to decline before and after the "An Shi Rebellion". Since Li Tang, his poems have been recognized as "epics", and the poet himself has been regarded as a generation of poets and honored as a "poet saint".
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770) was a poet in the Tang dynasty. Beautiful words. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he was recommended by Yanwu as a festival staff, and was recommended by Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Industry. Later generations called it Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. Fu was born in a family with a literary tradition of "observing Confucianism" and is the grandson of the famous poet Du. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. After the age of 20, there are four periods.
Roaming period: From the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745), Du Fu lived a romantic life of "chasing horses". He has roamed wuyue, Qi and Zhao successively. In the meantime, I failed to go to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam. Tianbao and Li Bai have been friends in Luoyang for three years. We broke up the next autumn and never met again. There are more than 20 poems of Du Fu in this period, most of which are five laws and five ancient poems, represented by Wang Yue.
Third, the teaching process:
Wang Yue
Introduce the writing background:
When Du Fu was 25 years old, his father Du Xian was Sima, Yanzhou, Shandong. He once used the opportunity of his relatives in the province to travel all over Shandong. This poem was written at that time. When we read Du Fu's poems after "An Shi Rebellion", we often think that he is a depressed old man. However, reading this song feels completely different. His ambition and heroism will excite you.
2. Introduce classical poetry.
Ancient poems, also known as ancient poems and ancient styles, are mostly five-character or seven-character sentences, and some are mainly five-character or seven-character sentences, mixed with long and short sentences; There are no strict restrictions on leveling, which embodies the free rhythm; Rhyme is relatively free, you can rhyme to the end or change rhymes. In terms of sentence patterns, four characters in ancient poetry are generally two-two, five characters are two-two-one or two-two-two-two, and seven characters are two-two-two-one. Sometimes there are special circumstances, because of the need of ideographic. "Full Moon" is a five-character ancient poem with the sentence pattern "Dai Zong/Fu/How? Qilu/Qing/Outstanding. " "It will be/ling/top, at a glance/mountain/small."
3. Overall perception.
Q: The title of the poem is "Looking at the Moon", which shows that the author has never climbed Mount Tai. Every sentence in the poem is written with the word "looking", but the angle of looking is different, from far and near, from virtual to real. Try to use two sentences as a group and see what the difference is in the angle of "seeing" ("Daizong" is a vision; The word "natural" is nearsighted; The word "swinging chest" is to look up; "Yes" is a great hope. ) press: this is Qiu's statement. The word "longing" is not easy for students to understand, so it is no harm to change it to "overlooking". Interpret sentence by sentence (according to: this poem is not a metrical poem, and names such as "couplets" and "necklaces" cannot be used)
4. Sentence by sentence analysis.
"Dai Zong" two sentences. Q: "Fu" is a function word, and the first sentence only means "how" (how). "How about Daizong" and "How majestic Mount Tai is!" In tone? (Plus "husband" makes the feeling of surprise and admiration more obvious and strong. ) Taishan is the hometown in the north and the hometown in the south; "Green" refers to the color of Mount Tai, meaning "gone" and "finished". What does the whole sentence mean? No matter from the north or the south, Mount Tai is endless. What's the use of a poet writing like this? (Describe Mount Tai as extremely high and far away. )
"Nature". Q: "Beauty" refers to the spirit of heroism, which was said by the ancients. Try to talk about the meaning of this sentence in connection with the previous sentence. The height of Mount Tai is the result of the heroic convergence of heaven and earth. What does the phrase "Yin and Yang" mean? (according to the notes, add that it is sunny in front of the mountain, and the sun comes first, which is easy to dawn; It's cloudy behind the mountain, and it's easy to faint. ) This is to describe Mount Tai as high as the sky.
Swing your chest. The general idea has been seen in the notes. Q: Try to describe what the poet Wang Yue saw in these two sentences (clouds appear on the Tianmen Gate in Mount Tai, either high or low, so they are called "stratus clouds"; Birds often haunt the valley, so you have to keep your eyes open to see them. What kind of mood does it show the poet? I yearn for it, and I am eager to board it. ) from the following two sentences.
"Will" two sentences. Extreme, extreme, refers to the peak of the jade emperor. Q: The poet is still at the foot of the mountain, but he can "the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.". What does this mean? This is what the poet saw when he wandered to the top of the Jade Emperor's mountain, so it is called a virtual scene. )
5. summary.
Du Fu's life was bumpy, especially after the Anshi Rebellion, and he drifted around and had no fixed place to live. In the last three years of his life, he even made a boat his home. He wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life, more than 95% of which were written in this turbulent life. What do you know about Du Fu after reading this poem? Can you find the reason why he has achieved such great success?
Students speak freely.
Blackboard design:
Look into the distance
Looking at the moon and looking close.
Look up
Appreciation of Hope in Spring
Introduce the writing background:
From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard that Tang Suzong had acceded to the throne in Lingwu, so he settled down in Qiang Village of Langzhou and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. He escaped from Chang 'an by taking advantage of the gap and went through hardships, finally reaching Fengxiang County, where the court was located at that time. This poem was written one month before the poet fled Chang 'an.
2. Introduce modern poetry
Modern poetry refers to metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. Modern poetry can be divided into five words and seven words in sentence pattern; In terms of space, there are two kinds of metrical poems and quatrains. Rhyme can be divided into five laws and seven laws. The whole poem is * * * quadruple, the first two sentences are called the first couplet, three or four sentences are called the platoon couplet, five or six sentences are called the neck couplet, and seven or eight sentences are called the tail couplet. The middle two leagues demand confrontation. Two, four, six and eight sentences must rhyme at the end, usually in a flat rhyme.
3. Overall feeling:
The first four sentences of the poem are all written in defeat and full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers remain the same, the grass is littered with trees, and the word "broken" makes people stunned. Then a word "deep" makes people sad. The poets here clearly describe the scenery, but they are actually expressing their feelings, putting their feelings on things and entrusting their feelings to the scenery. It creates an atmosphere for the whole poem. The antithesis of this couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "National Break" is opposite to "City Spring". The ruins of "the country breaks down and the family dies" are in sharp contrast with the "urban spring" of commercial prosperity. "The country is broken" is followed by "the mountains and rivers are here", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the city" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally recreational things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, and from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
Teaching plan of Du Fu's three poems in open class