There are many new words, nicknames and posthumous title in Zhu Da, mainly including: the name of Fachuan, the name of Xue Ge, a mountain, a donkey, a human house, especially Badashan people. According to records, he also abandoned the monk and changed his name to Zhu.
There are also many paintings in calligraphy and painting, such as "March 19th", "Eating as it is", "Remembering" and "Harmony", which have profound meanings. In addition, he often writes "Badashanren" as "crying" and "laughing" to express his resentment. As a descendant of the Ming imperial clan, Zhu Da suffered from subjugation and genocide, and never cooperated with the Qing Dynasty all his life. He is arrogant, stubborn and crazy. He used poetry and calligraphy to vent his sadness and depression. The poor life and ill-fated fate have formed the necessary hardships for a talented artist and also created his artistic value.
Zhu Da's parents are good at calligraphy and painting, so he was influenced by art from an early age. At the age of eight, I can write poetry, at the age of eleven, I can draw mountains and rivers, and when I was young, I can write the fine print of Mijia by hanging my wrist. Weak crown for life.
After the death of Ming Chengzu, he was dissatisfied with the Qing Dynasty and became a monk at Gengxiang Temple in Fengxin County at the age of 23. Later, he lived in seclusion in Jiegang, Jinxian County and Mugang, Yongfeng County.
At the end of Shunzhi, at the age of 36, he sneaked back to Nanchang and founded Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Taoist Academy. It took six or seven years to make this Daoyuan take shape, and he lived a labor life of "restless" and "his wife moved to farm and dig wells" here. He wants to make this place a paradise in order to realize his long-cherished wish of "finding self-existence".
However, this kind of "freedom" was established under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and it is impossible to "don't have to come outside". Because powerful people in the Qing Dynasty often came here to harass him, he often wandered around other places.
At the age of 53 in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Linchuan County magistrate Hu Wenming invited him to live with Rao Yupu, a monk, until he was a guest at Linchuan's official residence for many years. This made him very upset and angry, so he pretended to be crazy, tore his robe and walked back to Nanchang alone. More than a year later, he returned to Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area, where he spent his "Flower Birthday". At the age of sixty-two, he stopped being an abbot and handed over the temple to his disciple Tu Ruoyu.
Later, he hid in Beilan Temple and Kaiyuan Temple near Nanchang. And often make a living by selling paintings. Later, it came out of an unremarkable building and was named "Gage Grass" Hall. Zhang Jiang Ye Danju has a poem "Crossing the Eight Mountains": "A room is full of songs, and the dusty Artemisia is hidden in the dark, and poetry and painting are in Zen. The old man lives in seclusion, and the remnants of the mountain are left with water. The old business of Qingmen is there, and the people who grow melons are scattered. " Zhu Da is good at flowers and birds and landscapes, and his flower-and-bird paintings inherit the freehand brushwork traditions of Chen Chun and Xu Wei. It has developed into a kind of freehand brushwork, which is characterized by exaggerating the painted flowers, birds, fish and insects by symbolic means. With its peculiar image and simple modeling, the painting has a prominent image and a distinct theme, and even the eyes of birds and fish are painted as "white eyes" to show their aloof and cynical character, thus creating an unprecedented flower-and-bird modeling.
His paintings are simple and bold, vigorous and powerful, dripping and hearty, with simple composition and strange and steep style. His landscape painting was first studied by Dong Qichang, then by Huang and Ni Zan. He mostly makes ink and wash landscapes, with simple and vigorous brushwork and desolate artistic conception. He is also good at calligraphy, calligraphy, cursive script, patriarchal Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Yan Zhenqing, Dong Qichang and so on. He writes books with a bald pen, and his writing is smooth and healthy.
Badashan people devoted their lives to painting. He is generous, and so is singing. Due to the characteristics of the times and his life experience, he took an uncompromising attitude towards the Qing dynasty and vented his grief and indignation in his paintings and calligraphy. Therefore, what appears in the painting is a bird with a bulging belly, a fish that glows, and even a bird that falls to the ground to show its disagreement with the Qing court, with its eyes up and turned to the sky. He often scribbles the words "Badashanren" together, which looks like "crying" and "laughing". He also has many obscure poems and postscript, expressing his extreme hatred and contempt for the Qing court.
His novels, poems and literary works show distinct love and hate. For example, the well-known "Peacock Map" and its poem: "Peacock is famous for the rain on the bamboo screen, and the bamboo tip is stronger than half ink; How can you talk about three ears? It is to sit on the second watch every spring. " Bitterly satirized the ugly behavior of the slaves of the big landlords of the Han nationality, wearing dazzling and black hats, kneeling down to surrender to their new masters for glory.
There is a landscape picture book with the title cloud: "The cloud on the edge of the country is small, and there are many Dong Shu;" When I want to watch it, people can understand the picture, and Yifeng also wrote the song He Shan. "He said that he admired Dong Yuan and Guo, five generations of Beining painters, who painted the Song Dynasty without foreign aggression with unique pen and ink, thus inspiring the thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland." "Magpie Painting Axis" (now the Badashanren Memorial Hall of Tibetan painter) depicts two magpies standing on a big stone, which means that magpies are in the nest and birds are in the pool. "Zhao Nan Que Nest" poem says: "Wei Que has a nest, and Wei Dui lives in it. "As the saying goes, a dead pigeon does not build a nest for itself, but for magpies. "Eight mountain people make this metaphor, in order to satirize the dignity and self-interest and seize other landlords. And deliberately show that two magpies live on the rocks, which is not something that resin pigeons can occupy and shake.
He often paints lotus turquoise, plum blossom, bamboo chrysanthemum, heron crane, fish, duck, eagle, deer and so on. This largely symbolizes his stubbornness and integrity. Throughout his life, he never painted a flower and a stone for the dignitaries of the Qing court, but ordinary farmers, poor people, monks and children in the mountains easily got his novels, poems and literary works. This indomitable spirit has always been appreciated and praised by people.
Badashan people have made outstanding achievements in art, focusing on painting, and also have high attainments in calligraphy, poetry postscript, seal cutting and so on. In painting, he is famous for his freehand brushwork in ink and wash, and he is good at splashing ink, especially flower-and-bird painting, which is beautiful in the world.
In his creation, he is natural, concise, magnificent and unique, creating a broad and broad style. In the past 300 years, all the great freehand brushwork schools have been influenced by him to some extent. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Geng commented that his paintings had reached the realm of "being clumsy in the countryside and neglecting painting". He advocates "economy" in painting. Sometimes he only draws a bird or a stone on a big piece of paper and only draws a few strokes, and his expression is perfect. His calligraphy style is vigorous and fluent. Seal cutting is simple and unique.
In the process of forming his own style, Zhu Da inherited the fine traditions of the previous generation and found his own way. His flower-and-bird paintings lived in Xu Xi for five dynasties, and Zhu Lanmo, a literati painter in Song Dynasty, was also influenced by the techniques of Lin Liang, Lv Ji and Lu Zhi in Ming Dynasty, especially advocating the extensive painting style of the Qingteng Bai Yang. His landscape paintings reached as far away as the Southern Dynasties, and he studied under Dong, Ju, Mi Fei, Ni, Huang and Dong Qichang. In calligraphy, he studied Shi Guwen intensively, and since the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, he deliberately wrote down various calligraphy posts, especially Wang Xizhi.
Generally speaking, Zhu Da's painting art is characterized by expressing feelings with form and taking spirit with form; The pen and ink are simple and light, and the pen is bold and unrestrained; Sparse layout and empty artistic conception; Full of energy and momentum. His form and skills are the best expression of his true feelings.
Zhu Da forged his artistic accomplishment and skills, as he himself said: "There is no doubt about reading thousands of books;" If you travel to Wan Li, you will see a big hand. "He thinks that painting is like climbing a mountain." You have to climb frequently to be fearless. "This shows that he is constantly honing his artistic spirit.
In the confrontation between innovation and conservatism in the early Qing Dynasty, Badashan people played a prominent role in the "painting four monks" of the reformists. In memory of this great painter, after liberation, the "Painter Badashanren History Museum" was established in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area.
Zhu Da's art has aroused great repercussions in the East, especially in Japanese painting circles and even in the world. There are few novels, poems and literary works in Badashanren's paintings and calligraphy, which are no longer visible. Such as: lotus pond bird painting, river flower painting, fish and duck painting, fish music painting, miscellaneous flower painting, willow bathing bird painting, lotus dew painting, dashi fish painting, double eagle painting, ancient beauty painting and Mosong painting.
In terms of calligraphy, there are Preface to Lanting, Four Screens of Linjiang, famous calligraphy posts, cursive poems and other scrolls, all of which are treasured by museums and courtyards at home and abroad.