1. Be familiar with the steps of appreciating poetry and appreciate this poem.
2. Understand the characteristics of frontier poems and be familiar with the steps of answering refined sentences.
Second, the learning steps:
1, recite poems
join the army
Yang Jiong
The flames of bonfires in Kyoto, Chang 'an City, crude gas oil. Leaving the palace, the general will assume the command; Surrounding the enemy and attacking the city, the elite cavalry are extremely brave.
The heavy snow darkened the color; The wind roared and the drums rang. I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter.
2. Introduction to the author
Yang Jiong (650~693? ), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Huayin, Huazhou (now Shaanxi) was born. Yang Jiong, along with Lu and Irene Wang, is called? Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty? . In 659, in the fourth year of the reign of emperor xianqing, he was a prodigy. Shang Yuan three years (676), it should be mentioned. Editing and proofreading bookkeeper, moved to Zhan. In 685, the first year of Wuhou's hanging arch, he gave way to Xu Jingye from his ancestor Yang Shen and joined the army as a righteous man in Zizhou. In the first year of Tianshou (690), he taught at Luoyang Palace Art Museum. In the first year of Ruyi (692), he moved to Yingchuan after the autumn, and the official management was famous for its harshness, and he died in the official. Known as Yang Yingchuan. It is said that the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty has 30 volumes of collected works, and the Book of Reading in the County Zhai has 20 volumes of Yingchuan Collection, which has not been circulated today. The Ming Wanli Children's Collection includes Ying Chuan Ji 10 and Appendix 1 0. Zhang Xie chongzhen recompiled 13 volumes.
3. Poetry appreciation: according to the notes, a preliminary study of poetry.
① Join the army: Yuefu's Harmony Song? Adjust the old name.
②? Lighthouse? Sentence: in Chinese? Xiongnu biography? How many months have bonfires been set in Ganquan and Chang 'an? Semantics Xijing refers to Chang 'an.
(3) Tooth piece: The soldiers' transfer sign is divided into two pieces, which are embedded in the convex and concave parts respectively. It's called. Teeth? In the hands of the court and the Lord, respectively, as soldiers. Phoenix Que: refers to Chang 'an Palace Que. Historical records? The book of Zen:? (Zhang Jian Palace) It's more than twenty feet to the east. ?
(4) Longcheng: a famous city of Xiongnu, which refers to the enemy's stronghold.
⑤ Withered: What does it mean here? Decolorization? . Flag painting: a colorful painting on a military flag. ⑥ Centurion: refers to junior officers.
Step 4 enjoy the whole poem
(1) What scenes are written in the poem?
(2) What kind of picture does the third part describe?
(3) What techniques does the author use to describe these fragments? What's the role?
(4) What techniques are used to express the author's feelings?
(5) In the topic of poetry appreciation, we often encounter such problems, such as:
(1) The role of a poem in the text
(2) What kind of emotion does a poem express?
(3) What do you think is the most expressive sentence in this poem?
How to answer these similar questions (analyze the previous question)
Answer step
What are the characteristics (skills) of the sentence in 1
Expand imagination, combine the understanding of this poem, and reproduce the scene described in the poem;
Understand the function and aesthetic feeling (structure, emotion, theme) of this sentence in the whole poem.
Manipulation+sentence meaning+function (structure, emotion, theme)
5. Specific appreciation
This poem borrows an old topic from Yuefu? In the army? Describe the whole process of a scholar joining the army and fighting. There are only forty words, which not only reveal the psychological activities of the characters, but also render the environment and atmosphere, and the brushwork is extremely vigorous.
The first two sentences were written and reported, which aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of people with lofty ideals. The poet did not directly explain the military emergency, but said? The bonfire shines in Xijing? , pass? Lighthouse? This visual scene shows the urgency of the military situation. One? Photos? The words played up the tension. ? Self-satisfaction? It was caused by a bonfire. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. He doesn't want to spend his youth between a pen and an inkstone any more. One? Since? Words, showing the literati's sincere patriotic passion, wrote the spiritual realm of the characters. The first two sentences explain the background of the whole event. The third sentence? Tooth Zhang resigned from Phoenix? Describe the situation when the army resigned from Beijing. ? Teeth? It is the symbol of the emperor's transfer of troops, which is divided into concave and convex parts, which are in the hands of the emperor and the general respectively. ? Phoenix que? It is synonymous with palace. Here, poets use it? Teeth? 、? Phoenix que? The two words are elegant and steady, which not only embodies the lofty mission of the soldiers, but also reflects the solemnity of the scene. The fourth sentence? Iron riding around Longcheng? Obviously, Tang Jun has quickly reached the front and surrounded the enemy's castle. ? Iron ride? 、? Longcheng? In contrast, the' war atmosphere' of entering the dragon is rendered. One? Around? Word, vividly wrote Tang Jun surrounded the enemy's military posture. Five or six sentences began to write about fighting, but the poet did not write from the front, but set it off through the description of the scenery. ? The snow is fading, the flag is drawing and the wind is noisy. The first sentence starts from people's vision: heavy snow covers the sky, which makes the colorful paintings on the military flag look eclipsed; The last sentence begins with people's hearing: the wind whistling, intertwined with the majestic marching drums. Two poems, vivid and colorful, wonderful. Poets have unique expressions to symbolize the army? Flag? And then what? Drum? It shows the brave spirit of soldiers fighting the enemy in the snow and the tragic scene of bravely killing the enemy under the encouragement of drums. The last two sentences of the poem:? I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter. ? Express the lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of the scholars who joined the army to protect the border and defend the country. The hard and fierce fighting increased his love for this extraordinary life. He would rather gallop on the battlefield and fight to defend the frontier than be a scholar in his study.
This short poem tells the whole process of the scholar's joining the army. Being able to concentrate such rich content in a limited space shows the poet's artistic skill. First of all, the poet grasped the most representative fragment in the whole process and gave a general description of the image. As for how the scholar joined the army, how to bid farewell to his parents, wives and concubines, and how about marching along the way? Secondly, the poem adopts the jumping structure, jumping from one typical scene to another and developing by leaps and bounds. For example, just after the third sentence was written, the fourth sentence surrounded the enemy and then showed the scene of fierce fighting. But this kind of leap is very natural, and there is rich imagination space between each span. At the same time, this leaping structure makes poetry have a lively rhythm, such as turbulence on a cliff, giving people an indomitable momentum, effectively highlighting the strong patriotic passion of literati and the spiritual outlook of Tang Junbing.
The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty were very dissatisfied with the beautiful poetic style at that time. They have made fruitful explorations and innovations in the content and form of poetry, and Yang Jiong's poetic style is vigorous and passionate. Especially, it is not simple to write such a poem describing the battle of the golden drum in the form of strict rules. Generally speaking, only the two couplets in the middle are required to be couplets. Except for the first couplet, all the other triples of this poem are correct. Not only is the sentence correct, but it is also correct in the same sentence, such as? Teeth? Right? Phoenix que? ,? Iron ride? Right? Longcheng? . The neat antithesis makes poetry more rhythmic and imposing, which is very valuable in the early Tang Dynasty.
6. Summary of frontier poems
(1) frontier poems
Some writers who have personal frontier life experience and military life experience write with personal experience; Other poets renovated the old poems of Yuefu. We call these poems reflecting frontier life frontier poems.
2. The contents of frontier poems include:
First, the frontier scenery;
Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom. -Cen Can's Song of Snow White sent Tian Shuji Wu home.
B, the hard life of border guards;
The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. -Li Bai's Six Sinks (choose one)
C, kill the enemy and make contributions to the country.
Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. -Wang Changling's "Join the Army"
D, homesickness of border guards.
I don't know where to play the flute, and I want to recruit people all night. Li Yi's "Listening to the Flute at Night in the Lane"
Representative poets are Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling.