One, four tones and leveling
Four tones refer to four tones in Chinese. Tone refers to the level, fluctuation and length of sound. Among them, height and fluctuation are the main factors. There are four tones in ancient Chinese: Ping, Shang, Qu and Ru. Flat tone is the flat tone in poetry, and rising tone, falling tone and entering tone are the flat tones in poetry. According to the meaning of this word, flat sound means uneven.
There is no Rusheng in modern lingua franca, and there are Rusheng and archaic sounds in some dialects, which is why we find it particularly pleasant to read ancient poems in Cantonese. Many poems that don't rhyme when we read Cantonese now, because Cantonese retains a lot of entering tones, and Cantonese is also close to ancient Chinese.
Now the four tones in Chinese are: flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. The combination of level tone and rising tone is the ancient level tone, and the rising tone and falling tone are the same as those in ancient Chinese. In Putonghua, the sounds of ancient Chinese are classified as "rising tone and falling tone". Therefore, the levelness of modern Chinese is: peace and yang ping. Xu Shang Xia-Hua.
We now write metrical poems according to the four tones of the common language, and there is no need to write them according to the four tones of ancient Chinese. Learning the four tones and peaceful tones of ancient Chinese can make us feel the beauty of poetry when we appreciate the previous rhythmic poems.
Second, the four principles of leveling and leveling in metrical poetry.
The sentence is plain.
The requirement of the flat and even rhythm of metrical poetry is firstly the flat and even collocation in the sentence, specifically, "the flat and even alternation in the sentence". In metrical poetry, words are even, not word by word, but in a certain unit, which depends on the meaning structure and rhythm structure of the poem.
The seven-character sentence pattern is flat, with the first four words, and every two words are a unit; The last three words can be divided into five-six-seven parallel or five-six-seven parallel. A five-sentence sentence can be regarded as seven words without the first two words. According to the law of sentence parallelism, we can get four standard sentences with seven words: parallelism, parallelism, parallelism, parallelism and parallelism.