Introduction of works
Liutou Xiangyu Temple is a nostalgic poem written in Song Dynasty. The whole poem contains Historical Records of Xiang Yu, which focuses on expressing Xiang Yu's heroism with the words of his tortuous course from starting to failure.
original text
Xiangyu Temple in Getou, Liuzhou (1)
The Qin Dynasty perished (2), and Liu and Xiang (3) were annexed. Whip the world (4), drive away dragons and tigers (5), sweep guns (6) and kill whales (7). In the bloody battle of the Central Plains, the remaining ears (8) were all eagle dogs (9). The disaster was settled and returned to Han Yan (10), and the general trend was running. The soldiers scattered in the moonlight, and the wind was blowing flags and running wildly. Diao Dou (1 1) is in the third watch. * * * Yu Ji (12) was opposite, crying and listening to Chu ci (13), and Yu Lian was in shock and burst into tears (14).
Miss the flowers without owners (15), concentrate on sadness, wave the snow blade (16), and cover the spring (17). When the time is unfavorable, he will not die (18), be trapped in the shadow ridge (19), and be angry with the pursuers (20). Sobbing and destroying heaven and earth (2 1), I hope to go home and drag out an ignoble existence! Where can I see the heritage? The water in Jiang Jing is cold and smoky, with tiny ripples and withered old trees. See-off people at this point (23) remember the injury, it is difficult to tell the outcome (24)!
To annotate ...
(1) Song of Six Kingdoms is the first chapter in the preface of the Daqu Six Kingdoms.
(2) Grass ignorance: troubled times. Du Fu's "Re-Zhaoling Mausoleum" says: "Grass doesn't know heroes."
(3) Liu: Liu Bang. Item no: Xiang Yu
(4) Whipping the world: Xiang Yu wants to conquer the world by force and achieve hegemony. Whip, by force; The whole world means the whole country. Han Jiayi's "On Qin" said: "(The King of Qin) lashed the world with a pestle."
(5) Drive the dragon and tiger: command the soldiers like the dragon and tiger. Drive, drive. Dragon and Tiger: Metaphorical hero.
(6) Sweeping guns: sweeping away the evil forces of the Qin Dynasty. Gun: another name for comet. In ancient times, it was called "jinx", which was a sign of disaster. Using this metaphor, the Qin Dynasty was a disaster. Erya Shi Tian: "A comet is a gun." In ancient times, it was thought that soldiers would flourish when comets rose.
(7) Slaughtering the long whale: it means destroying the main force of Qin Jun, and the long whale is a metaphor for the culprit; Whales are metaphors of fierce people.
(8) Yu Er: Chen Yu and Zhang Er. They are all the main figures in the struggle against Qin. After Qin's death, Xiang Yu was named Changshan King and three counties.
(9) All Eagle Dogs: Liu Bang's contempt for Zhang Er and Chen Yu. Eagle dog: a metaphor for someone who has been driven away.
(10) Back to Han Yan: Back to Hanwang and Liu Bang. Han Yan: The Han Dynasty ruled the king with fire, so it was called "Han Yan".
(1 1) Diao Dou: Ancient marching equipment, made of copper, cooking during the day and knocking at the door at night.
(12) Yu Ji: "Historical Records of Xiang Yu": "(Xiang Yu) has a reputation for beauty, and it is always fortunate to pursue it."
(13) Listen to the crying sentence: "Historical Records of Xiang Yu": "Wang Xiang's great army should come down and serenade all of them. The Han army is outnumbered. At night, I heard that the Han army was besieged on all sides. Wang Xiang was shocked and said, "Did the Han army capture Chu?" ? He Chu has so many people!' "
(14) Jade account two sentences: "Biography of Xiang Yu": "Wang Xiang started drinking at night. Wang Xiang cried for a few lines, and both sides cried. He dared not look up. " Jade tent: the camp where the commander lived during the battle.
(15): It means that if Wang Xiang dies, there is no turning back for the concubine. The meaning of reading and memory; Flower refers to concubine Yu.
(16) Snow Blade: Dance a snow-white sword, that is, draw your sword and kill yourself.
(17) Gaiquan: buried underground. Spring: Jiuquan, underground.
(18) There are two unfavorable sentences: Biography of Xiang Yu says that Xiang Yu will be besieged. "It's a elegy and generosity, and it's a poem that says,' If you pull out a mountain, you will be angry with the world, and if you are unfavorable, you will be embarrassed'. "Item: A horse with black and white fur refers to Xiang Yu's riding.
(19) trapped in Yanling county. Yanling: the name of the county in the Qin Dynasty, in the northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. Biography of Xiang Yu: "Wang Xiang went to Yin Ling and lost his way ... There were thousands of pursuers riding horses in the Han Dynasty, and Wang Xiang himself could not escape."
(20) chide the pursuer: "Biography of Xiang Yu": "The Han army was heavily surrounded ... When Xiang Wang shouted, the Han army was invincible, so he cut one of the Han generals. When he arrived at Chiquan to ride a general and chase him, Wang Xiang was angry with him with his eyes closed. The soldiers and horses in Chiquan are all surprised, and it is easy to make miles. "
(2 1) Boo-hoo: It's just boo-hoo. When you are angry, you drink and scream. "Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou": "Wang Xiang was hoarse, and ten thousand people abolished it."
(22) Wang Gui said: "Biography of Xiang Yu": "Wujiang Pavilion is waiting for the boat, saying that Wang Xiang said:' Although Jiangdong is small, the land is thousands of miles, and there are hundreds of thousands of people, it is enough to be king. May the king hurry across the river. Now I have a boat, and the Han army has arrived, so I can't cross it. King Xiang smiled and said, "What shall I do if the sky dies because of me?" ? Besides, 8,000 people crossed the river to the west with Jiangdong's children, and none of them came back today. My brothers and sisters in Jiangdong pity me. How can I tell? Even if you don't say anything, it is worth being alone! "... is to commit suicide. "Home: the way home. Endure drag out an ignoble existence: I can't stand drag out an ignoble existence. "I can't live any longer. Xiang Yu refused to cross the Wujiang River south and committed suicide.
(23) See-off here: See-off here.
(24) Victory and defeat sentence: "Biography of Xiang Yu": (Xiang Yu) said:' I started at the age of eight. More than 70 battles, beaten, beaten, and never lost. Then you can rule the world. However, today I am trapped here, and my death on this day is not a crime of war. ""hard to rely on: trust is hard to rely on. It means that Xiang Yu failed, but he was still a hero.
Vernacular translation
The Qin dynasty practiced tyranny and uprisings continued. In the anti-Qin uprising, after several years of war, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were the most powerful. Xiang Yu is famous for his bravery and good fighting skills. He wants to conquer the world by force and achieve hegemony. He fought bravely to kill the enemy on the battlefield, drove the troops like a dragon and tiger, swept away the evil forces of the Qin Dynasty, and quickly became the main leader of the uprising team with an indomitable attitude, destroying the main force of Qin Jun. When Xiang Yu won by force, many Jiangdong children were bleeding profusely on the battlefield. Zhang Er and Chen Yu, two generals hand-picked by Xiang Yu, were used by Liu Bang and became his eagle dogs. But in the subsequent war, Zhang Er surrendered, Chen Yu was killed, and Liu Bang wiped out all the governors who refused to join the Han Dynasty, and won the final victory. Under the moonlight, Xiang Yu's army was homesick and demoralized. At midnight, the battle flag fluttered in the wind, and the alarm of Diao Dou knocking at the door came from the army. Xiang Yu and Yu Ji sat down to drink * * * wine, listening to Chu songs coming from all over the world, sad and frightened, crying because of separation.
Remember that if Wang Xiang dies, she will have nowhere to go. Yu Ji died with a knife and was buried underground. A loud, led the troops to break through, finally trapped in Yanling county. At this time, although there were only dozens of people around Xiang Yu, he still scared the commander-in-chief of the Han army. Xiang Yu's roar seems to inspire heaven and earth. Seeing the way back to his hometown, he couldn't bear to drag out an ignoble existence and committed suicide. Even though his achievements are outstanding, where can we see his legacy now? Ancient rivers confront ancient trees, and many heroic achievements are gone in the rolling historical torrent. Later generations will think of Xiang Yu's heroic deeds when they pass by, but the more so, the more sad. How can we simply evaluate a person's value and significance by winning or losing?
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is an outstanding representative of bold and unconstrained poems and nostalgic poems in Song Dynasty. It uses a lot of allusions, which can be read in comparison with Historical Records of Xiang Yu. His practice of changing words into words is also of guiding significance to the creation of later generations such as Xin Qiji. The poet summed up the whole process of Xiang Yu's failure in short language, shaped Xiang Yu's heroic image, expressed his feelings after reflecting on that period of history, and represented the attitude of intellectuals towards Xiang Yu's merits and demerits in the early Northern Song Dynasty. The whole poem is tragic in tone, extraordinary in momentum and passionate in emotion. In addition to graceful and graceful ci style, it also shows a strong and generous.
"Qin died of grass, and Liu and Xiang were annexed." The first two sentences of the last film are unusual, strategically located, guiding the whole word, and summarizing the competition between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu after the death of Qin. According to "Biography of Xiang Yu", "Qin lost his government and bore the brunt, and the heroes rose up and competed with each other, and the list goes on and on." In the anti-Qin uprising at that time, after several years of war, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were the most powerful. The poet has a progressive view of history and holds a positive attitude towards the uprisings of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu.
"Whip the world, drive away dragons and tigers, sweep sledge guns and kill whales." The above four sentences vividly summarized Xiang Yu's brilliant achievements in developing and eliminating Qin Jun's main force. According to "Biography of Xiang Yu", at this time, "Chu soldiers called heaven, and the princes and armies were all afraid." Xiang Yu is famous for being brave and good at fighting, "whipping the world" and writing that he wants to conquer the world with strength and become the hegemon; "Drive the Dragon and Tiger", writing that he has a general warrior for him to drive; Sweep the gun and kill the whale. In the battle of Hebei Julu saving Zhao, he captured the Qin general Wang Li alive, surrendered to the commander-in-chief, and completely eliminated the main force, which doomed the demise of the Qin Dynasty. The description of Xiang Yu here is magnificent, highlighting Xiang Yu's excellent command and combat ability.
"Blood-stained Central Plains War." The sudden turn of the pen echoes the first two sentences, pulling the field of vision back to the battlefield where Chu and Han fought. According to "Biography of Xiang Yu", "Feathers have no size, and they rise from a long acre. In the past three years, the five kings were divided into the world, and the princes were sealed, and the politics came out, and the title was' overlord'. " Xiang Yu's achievement was bought with the blood of countless sons and daughters of Jiangdong. The cruelty of war can be vividly described in just five words.
"When I see the rest, all of them are eagles and dogs, and they have returned to Han Yan for peace and chaos, and they are eager for it." The war situation has become worse. Zhang Er and Chen Yu were appointed generals by Xiang Yu, but they were used by Liu Bang and became Liu Bang's eagle dogs. In the subsequent war, Zhang Er surrendered, Chen Yu was killed, and all the princes who refused to join the Han Dynasty were eliminated, and Liu Bang won the final victory. The short sentence of three words highlights the urgency of the situation. The war situation took a turn for the worse and Xiang Yu was defeated.
"Soldiers scattered on the moon. The wind blows the flag, and it's midnight in Diao Dou. * * * Yu Ji, crying and listening to Chu songs, the jade account is shocked. Tears for you. " This is a reproduction of the scene around the cover. According to Xiang Yu's Chronicle, "Wang Xiang's army crouched under the wall, serenaded and ran out of food, and the Han army and the vassal soldiers surrounded it. At night, I heard that the Han army was besieged on all sides, and I was shocked:' Han has won Chu? He Chu has so many people! ... Wang Xiang gets up and drinks at night. If you have a beauty, you will always be lucky; Good horses are famous and often ride. So Wang Xiang is very generous ... There are countless songs, and beauty makes peace with them. Here, with a tender narrative, Xiang Xuemei vividly depicts the image of Xiang Yu's hero's end, which is tragic and sad, by describing that Xiang Xuemei was besieged by the Chu army on a moonlight night and was attacked on all sides, and Xiang Yu was shocked to hear that Chu songs were everywhere and wept bitterly.
After four sentences, "I miss flowers, feel sad, wave snow blades and cover spring scenery", I expressed Yu Ji's sincere feelings for Xiang Yu in concise and vivid language, and created a vivid tragic image.
Next, "when the time is unfavorable, I will not die, and I will be trapped in Yin Ling and angry at the pursuer. Weeping destroys heaven and earth, looking back on the past, enduring humiliation and living an ignoble life! " Xiang Yu was trapped in Yin Ling after his breakthrough, and was chased by Chu soldiers to commit suicide in Wujiang River, with a very tragic ending. Xiang Yu once sang generously in the siege of Gaixia: "Pull up the mountains and make the world angry, and you will not die." . What can I do without dying? "At this time, although there are only dozens of people around Xiang Yu, he can still scare the commander-in-chief of the Han army off the horse, but the hero will eventually succeed. Xiang Yu was chased by Han soldiers to Wujiang and died, and the world cried for it.
"furious. Where can I see the spirit? " The poet lamented alone in Xiang Yu's temple. Even though his achievements are outstanding, it is difficult for us to find his legacy today. Sima Qian spoke highly of Xiang Yu in Biography of Xiang Yu, thinking that he "didn't do his best, but never existed since ancient times". "Jiang Han Yan Han, rippling waves, ancient trees withered. Here, "Ci" returns to the landscape with pride, and the ancient trees along the river stand opposite each other. The poet, like the scenery described in his works, calmed down and pondered the changes of the world. Although there are a lot of anger and excitement in my heart, I can only hold it in my heart.
"Send a pedestrian here to remember the injury, and the outcome is hard to tell!" Summarize the whole article in three sentences and point out the main idea. The poet said, "How can a person's value and significance be evaluated simply by winning or losing?" His questioning expressed his infinite sympathy and deep condolences to Xiang Yu.
This word expresses the magnificent historical event of the struggle between Chu and Han. It is highly concise, bright in color, outstanding in image, ingenious in conception, exquisite in layout, magnificent in atmosphere, both in form and spirit, full of historical images and artistic appeal, full of historical depth and profound tragic color, which makes people lament, linger and have endless aftertaste.
Famous comments
Song Cheng Dachang's Xiu Fan Lu Volume 16: The Song of Six Kingdoms was originally a propaganda song, but recently, good people hang ancient words by its sound. For example, "Qin died of ignorance and Liu Xiangqi annexed it". The tragic tone is also based on the fact of ups and downs. Listening to his songs is gratifying, and it is not the same as Yan Ci. "
Brief introduction of the author
Li Guan was born in Shiying, Licheng County, qi zhou around A.D.10/9. The average year of birth and death is unknown, and Song Zhenzong lived in Tianxi years. As famous as Wang Qiao and Tong Jia; At the same time, he was called JD.COM by literary circles and Liu Qian. If you don't raise a scholar, you should also come from the three rituals to adjust your work. There are twenty volumes of Gao Dong's works in the crown, which will not be handed down. Save five words. The History of Song Dynasty spread all over the world. Shen Qian wrote an essay praising the sentence of "A few drops of rain and wind come and go, and hazy moonlight clouds come and go" in "Butterfly Lovers", arguing that "an apricot grows out of the wall in spring" and "clouds are not as good as flowers when the moon breaks"