First, the status quo of poetry teaching
Yu Xiansheng said: "In Europe, as the most striking symbol of ancient classics, it is a world-renowned sculpture and a building that has stood for thousands of years. There are too many devastating wars in the history of China, and only one kind of hard-to-burn classic is well preserved, and that is the classic of ancient poetry. These poetry classics are sculptures and buildings hidden in the hearts of countless China people. Reading passed down from generation to generation is the endless corridor of these classics. " Counting the great poets in China history, from Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Du Fu and Su Shi to Dai Wangshu and Yu Guangzhong, they are like a bright star in China culture. Their poems give spiritual comfort to many people and build a quiet spiritual home for many people.
However, due to the influence of the baton of college entrance examination, Chinese teaching in senior high schools has gone into a misunderstanding. Of course, the content related to the exam should be the focus of teaching, and the content that has little or nothing to do with the exam is gradually ignored, so poetry teaching is marginalized. When a teacher gives a lecture, he just needs to know how to recite it. Over time, students are not interested in learning poetry, let alone cultivating students' imagination and poetic language. In the long run, it is difficult to improve students' language ability, and it is also difficult to inherit the culture accumulated in China for thousands of years. Poetry learning is also influenced by the real society. With the acceleration of social rhythm and the increase of work pressure, people's inner impetuousness is increasing day by day, and people have little leisure and interest to study literary works, taste poetry and create poetry. Few people read poems, let alone write them. The living conditions of some poetry journals are facing severe challenges. Poetry is getting farther and farther away from people's lives and people's horizons. Will poetry, the excellent traditional culture of China, disappear completely in human history one day? How should people's spiritual home be saved? How to teach China's poetry? As a Chinese teacher and basic educator, we should seriously reflect on the present situation of poetry teaching, and make rational thinking and active practice.
Second, the requirements of poetry teaching
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "In the process of Chinese learning, we should cultivate students' patriotic feelings." "Gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values, and improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste." "Understand the profoundness of China culture and learn the wisdom of national culture. "According to these requirements, Chinese textbooks contain many excellent poems from ancient times to the present. It is not only suitable for students to read aloud, but also can bring them aesthetic interest and rich emotional experience, such as Du Fu's "Chanting about Historic Sites" and Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia". Teachers should make full use of these resources in teaching, improve students' aesthetic taste, improve students' cultural literacy, and let students really understand and like poetry.
Third, several methods of poetry teaching
(A) repeated reading, thinking about taste
Poetry is the fusion of language art and emotional art, and it is the purest and most wonderful style. Poetry itself has the characteristics of symbolism, metaphor, ambiguity and uncertainty of language, and at the same time it has the beauty of rhythm and rhythmic music, language image and form. All these require us to start from the characteristics of poetry itself, taste the language art of poetry on the basis of reading and reciting, grasp the taste and charm of poetry, and truly realize the unity of learning Chinese and learning to be a man in poetry teaching.
"Read it a hundred times and you will understand what you mean." "Three-point poem, seven-point reading." Poetry is inseparable from rhythm and rhythm. We should understand the rhythm and rhythm of poetry through repeated reading, feel the beauty of music and appreciate the poet's feelings. Students should be required to read correctly, fluently and emotionally. Let the students have a preliminary perception and read the artistic conception and emotion of this poem through repeated reading. This stage is the starting point and foundation of poetry appreciation, and it is the transition from the superficial meaning of poetry to the deep meaning.
A higher level of reading is called emotional reading. "Emotion moves in the middle, but it is formed in words; It is not enough to say it, so it is a sigh; I sigh its lack, so I sing it. " Love is naturally revealed in the depths.
In teaching, in addition to guiding students to read correctly, we can also take various ways to urge students to read better and stimulate their interest in reading poetry. For example, carry out various reading competitions and poetry competitions. Read aloud to understand poetry.
(B) creating situations and changing teaching methods
Poetry has a highly concise language, a certain rhythm and rhyme, and is characterized by generality, vividness and musicality. In teaching, teachers should introduce the relevant knowledge of poetry to students, which will play a good guiding role for students to understand poetry and practice writing poetry. At the same time, it also improves students' imagination, association, language sense and language ability. "Reading poetry makes people witty", in the middle school stage, students are more active in thinking, rich in emotions, and have strong imagination and plasticity. According to these characteristics of students, strengthening poetry education and allowing students to accumulate and recite excellent poems in large quantities plays an inestimable role in improving students' Chinese literacy.
For the teaching of poetry, traditional teaching methods are difficult to arouse students' interest. In teaching, teachers should change teaching methods according to specific conditions, such as creating situations that are easy to stimulate students' interest according to the content of poems; For example, in the reading stage, students are read model essays to create a relaxed and happy reading environment; When explaining poetry, students should be guided by various forms, such as infecting students with passionate and infectious language, or triggering students' imagination and understanding ability visually and audibly through multimedia means; Students can also actively participate in the form of textbook drama, which can not only deepen students' understanding of poetry content, but also cultivate students' writing ability and improve their interest in learning, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.
(3) Try to practice writing and create poetry.
In order to stimulate students' interest in learning poetry, teachers should try their best to create an atmosphere of reading and writing poetry. Set up a poetry competition in the class, let students collect and accumulate poems, cultivate interest and sense of language through reading aloud, and accumulate language. At the same time, students are encouraged to write metrical poems, quatrains and modern poems. And compare them in the class, so that students can choose excellent works, copy them on the blackboard or post them in the class display column for your reference. This not only improves students' interest in reading poetry, but also mobilizes students' interest in writing poetry. Over time, students' poetry tasting level and writing level naturally improve. This is not only the study of ancient poetry, but also the practice of poetry in modern Chinese teaching.
In a word, poetry teaching is an arduous task for teachers and even the whole education. We should not only inherit the traditional good teaching methods, but also innovate to make the poetry classroom full of vitality. Let students master more excellent poems, discover and appreciate its beauty, and then enjoy the aesthetic experience and the pleasure of displaying their talents, so that our nation is more poetic and intelligent.