1, original text
Climb the balcony
Du Fu
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
2. Notes to the original text
1. A poem called "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days". In ancient China, there was a custom of climbing mountains on September 9th. Selected from a detailed explanation of Du Fu's poems. It was written on the Double Ninth Festival in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong.
2. Wail: refers to the shrill cry of an ape.
3. Zhu (incarnation): a small continent in the water; A small piece of land in the water. Birds fly back: birds fly and hover in the strong wind. Back: detour.
4. Falling wood: refers to falling leaves in autumn. Rustle: Simulates the sound of falling plants.
5. Wan Li: Far from home. Frequent visitor: I have been wandering abroad for a long time.
6. Centennial: I still say all my life, and this refers to my old age.
7. Difficulty: It also refers to the luck of the country and its own destiny. Bitterness and hate: extreme hatred and regret. Bitter, extremely. More temples frost: more white hair, such as temples frost and snow. Countless, here as a verb, increase.
8. Down and out: depressed, frustrated. This refers to the old and sick, and the ambition is not stretched. New station: just stopped. Du Fu gave up drinking due to illness in his later years, so he called it a "new stop".
3. Appreciation of the whole poem
The first couplet, "The sky is full of wind, the apes crow and the birds return, the blue lake and white sand", reflects the poet's complex and deep feelings. Kuizhou is today's Fengjie, Sichuan, and has always been famous for its many apes' calls. Since ancient times, there has been "the head of the Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong, and the ape cried three times; The Three Gorges in Badong are sad, the apes cry three times, and the gorge is even more famous for its stormy waves. At this time, the poet climbed high alone, looked from high to low, and listened to the song. Around the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet chose chilly autumn wind, empty sky, mournful apes, mournful rivers, white beaches and dancing birds. In particular, the two details of "mourning for apes" and "birds flying back" seem to be the poet's pouring out his endless complex feelings about his old illness and loneliness, and it also seems to be a true and vivid portrayal of thousands of long-term wandering and displaced people, including poets. A few words set a sad and solemn lyric tone for the whole poem.
The couplets of "fallen leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river running" reflect the typical characteristics of late autumn. It is the poet's hope that the falling wood is boundless and rustling down; The river is rushing and rolling away, which is overlooked by the poet. There is a "rustling" sound and a "rolling" trend, which makes people feel that the whole picture is full of weather, desolate and tragic, magnificent and far-reaching More importantly, from here, we seem to feel the poet's hard-working and helpless pain in the face of the dead, lamenting that time flies and life is short. The gloomy and sad antithesis vividly describes the poet's life situation of "bitterness, bitterness and hatred", and the language is accurate and magnificent. It is not an exaggeration for predecessors to praise it as "a unique step in ancient and modern times".
"I have come to three thousand miles away. This autumn's sorrow, a hundred years' sorrow, I climb this high alone "further clarifies the feelings contained in the above two couplets, and shows the poet's melancholy when he is worried about the country and hurts the country in time and space: one is that he is sad and wandering, and Wan Li is away from his hometown; Two sad late autumn bleak, desolate and magnificent; Life is short and moody; Four sorrows travel to other places and visit other places; Five sad old people climb mountains, unable to do so; Six sorrows are weak and sick, and the situation is difficult; Seven worries about loneliness are hard to send ... The neat and rigorous confrontation is full of the poet's endless travel worries like fallen leaves, and the poet's endless loneliness and hatred like a river, which makes us deeply feel the pulse of Du Fu's heavy beating feelings and the strong voice of the times!
The antithetical couplet "Bad luck has laid a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick dust in my wine", the poet's hardship and poverty, national tragedy and family worries make him more and more white-haired and miserable, and he wants to drown his sorrows in wine, but it is more difficult to drown his sorrows because of illness, which adds a layer of deep melancholy and helpless sigh to the poet. Here, the poet attributed his poverty to the difficulties of the times, and expressed his feelings of worrying about the country and the people incisively and vividly.
The word "sadness" is the core of the whole poem and the main thread running through it. The poet rose from inner sadness to sadness, from sadness to scene sadness, from scene sadness to wine sadness, from wine sadness to new era sadness. The whole poem begins with sadness and ends with sadness. The sad scene is like a strategically important building, full of momentum. This word "sadness" is the sadness when the poet feels.