⑴ Ancient Poetry Ancient poetry is a kind of poetry as opposed to "modern poetry". Before the formation of modern poetry, all kinds of poetic styles except Chuci were collectively called "archaic poetry", also known as "archaic poetry" and "ancient style". Among ancient poems, there are many poems with five words and seven words, which are referred to as "five ancient" and "seven ancient" for short. You can also rhyme a few words. In antithesis, you can use the whole sentence, half sentence or none at all. The names of ancient poems first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, poems with less metrical restrictions produced before the Tang Dynasty were called classical poems, which is relative to modern poems. Later generations followed the theory of Tang people and called Yuefu folk songs, poems written by scholars before and after the Tang Dynasty as their styles.
(2) Modern poetry, also known as "Modern Poetry", is a new poetic style that appeared in the Tang Dynasty. In order to distinguish it from the previous classical poetry, the Tang people named it "modern poetry", which is relative to the classical poetry that is not bound by metrical rules. Modern poetry has strict meter, definite sentences (except meter, the number of each poem is fixed), and each sentence has definite characters (the number of poems is fixed). There is a definite pair of couplets (the couplet in the middle of a metrical poem must be opposite). Compared with classical poetry, modern poetry is more orderly in form and harmonious in rhythm, but more restrictive. There are two kinds of metrical poems and quatrains. Each quatrain has four sentences, each metrical poem has eight sentences, and more than ten sentences are called parallelism sentences or long sentences.
Flat tone: refers to flat tone and continuous tone. The ancients divided the tones of Chinese characters into four categories, namely, flat tone, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. The last three sounds are collectively called even tones. There are no Rusheng characters in Putonghua, and the ancient Rusheng characters are pronounced as flat tones (such as "Wu" and "Chu") and upper tones respectively.
(3) A modern poem of metrical poetry, which originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty, was named after strict metrical poetry. Each poem has eight sentences. According to the number of words, it can be divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems, which are referred to as five-character poems and seven-character poems for short. Besides, there are prosodic rules. The prosodic rules of metrical poems, whether five-character metrical poems, seven-character metrical poems or metrical poems, must rhyme to the end, and the prosody is usually juxtaposed. That is, two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme. Whether the first sentence rhymes freely. Most of the first sentences of the five laws don't rhyme. On the contrary, most of the first sentences of the seven laws rhyme. At the same time, there are strict rules and requirements for the arrangement of even and flat lines in metrical poems. Usually an eight-sentence metrical poem is completed, and every two sentences are connected into four sentences. It is customary to call the first couplet the head couplet.
The basic requirement of antithesis is that antithesis should be between couplet and couplet, and the corresponding words should have the same part of speech and be fair and opposite. For example, in Li Shangyin's Yi Xian, the couplet in the poem "Heaven pity the quiet grass, the world is sunny and the evening is heavy", and from the part of speech, they are: heaven (noun) pity the quiet grass (verb). The world (mediocrity) is more important than the sunny evening (mediocrity). The words corresponding to the preceding and following sentences are flat but opposite. Among them, the words "heaven", "seclusion" and "dusk" in the sentence can be flat or even flat. Knowing the general meaning of antithesis can tell whether this eight-sentence poem is ancient or modern.
(4) quatrains are a kind of modern poetry, which prevailed after the Tang Dynasty. Each four-sentence poem is equal to half of the metrical poem, so it is also called "sentence cutting" and "sentence breaking". It originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. There are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which are divided into ancient quatrains and modern quatrains. There are four ancient quatrains. Later, some people wrote it, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night and Questions and Answers in the Mountain. Modern quatrains are a kind of modern poems, usually called metrical quatrains, which require the use of even lines and rhymes according to the rules of metrical patterns. As for antithesis, the law is by no means as strict as metrical poems, and there are both uses and uses. For example, Wang Zhihuan's "The Bird House" and He's "My Couplet Book". As a kind of poetic style, quatrains are flexible and light, suitable for expressing fleeting feelings in life, so they are widely used by poets, and their creation is more prosperous than other poetic styles.
⑤ A kind of metrical poem is arranged and extended according to the format of general metrical poems, so it is called arranged rhyme. Like regular metrical poems, the arrangement and rhyme should strictly abide by the rules of leveling, antithesis and rhyme, but it is not limited to four rhymes. Each poem has at least five rhymes and ten sentences, only fifty rhymes (100 sentences) or even 100 rhymes (. Every sentence should also follow a flat, flat and sticky format. Because there are too many restrictions, it is easy to appear rigid and rarely famous. The arrangement of five words is generally five words, and seven words are rare. Five-character arrangement evolved from five-character ancient poems in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Although Xie Lingyun's "Looking at the Lake" and Liang's "Fenghe Mountain Pool" have begun to take shape, their systems are short.