1. "Come and go to the river mouth to guard the empty boat, and around the boat the moon is bright and the river is cold", which means:
He left and left me alone to guard the empty boat at the river mouth; the autumn moon and The autumn water that accompanied me around the cabin was bleak and cold.
2. These two poems come from Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing".
3. The original text of Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing"
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I moved to the left to Sima Jiujiang County. Next autumn, when seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat at night. Listening to his music, there was a clanging sound from Kyoto. When asked about the person, I was originally from Chang'an and advocated women. I tried to learn pipa from Mu and Cao, two talented people. She was old and beautiful, and she committed herself to being a wife of a Jia family. Then he ordered wine and asked him to play several songs quickly. The song ended with pity, and he recounted the joyful things in his childhood. Now he is drifting and haggard, migrating among the rivers and lakes. I have been in office for two years, and I feel at ease. I am grateful to the people who said that in the evening, I began to feel the intention of relegation. Because of the long sentences, I gave them a song, with six hundred and sixteen words, named "Pipa Xing".
The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers are rustling in autumn.
The master dismounted and was on the boat. He wanted to drink wine but there was no orchestra.
We will say goodbye sadly when we are too drunk. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return the guest.
Who is asking questions secretly? The sound of the pipa stopped and it was too late to speak.
Moving the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, adding wine, turning back the lights, and re-opening the banquet.
After calling for a long time, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face.
The three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft indicate feelings before the tune is formed.
The strings muffle the sound and thoughts, seeming to complain of failure in life.
The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the infinite things in one’s heart.
Lightly gathered together, slowly twisted and wiped, then picked again, first "Neon Shang" and then "Liu Yao".
The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.
Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate.
In the meantime, Guan Ying is talking about the slippery bottom of the flower, and it is difficult to go under the ice of Youyan Spring.
The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass through the sound.
Don’t be sad and resentful. Silence is better than sound at this time.
The silver bottle bursts out, and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns.
At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the sound of the four strings is like cracking silk.
The east boat and the west boat were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river.
While chanting and plucking the strings, I straightened my clothes and gathered my features.
She said that she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the Xia Toad Mausoleum.
On the 13th, he learned the pipa and became the first member of the teaching group.
Qu Ba once taught talented people how to dress well, and Qiu Niang was always jealous of her makeup.
When Wuling was young, he was struggling with his head, and he could not count the number of red silk songs.
The silver (yun) head of the diamond is broken by the grate, and the blood-colored skirt is stained by wine.
The laughter of this year will return to the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily.
My younger brother left to join the army, and my aunt died.
There are few horses and pommels in front of the door, and the boss is married to a businessman.
Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea.
Going back and forth to the mouth of the river to guard the empty boat, the moon is shining brightly around the boat and the river is cold.
Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears.
I sighed when I heard the pipa playing, and I groaned again when I heard the words.
We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before?
I resigned from the Imperial Capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick.
There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round.
The land near the Huanjiang River is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around the house.
What did you hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans.
When the flowers on the spring river face the autumn moonlit night, I often drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes? It's hard to listen to the vomiting and muttering.
Tonight I hear your pipa music, and my ears suddenly become clear as if I were listening to fairy music.
Mo Cigen sat down to play a piece of music and translated it into a pipa line for you.
I feel like I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply.
The sad sound is not like the forward sound, and everyone in the house is crying after hearing it again.
Who cried the most? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet.
3. Translation of "Pipa Xing" by Bai Juyi
In the tenth year of Yuanhe reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, I was demoted to be the Sima of Jiujiang County. One day in the autumn of the second year, while seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa on the boat at night. Listening to the sound, the clang and clang have the popular rhyme in Kyoto. After asking about this person, it turned out that she was a singer from Chang'an who once learned from two pipa masters, Mu and Cao. Later, when she got older, her beauty faded away and she married a businessman. So he ordered someone to serve wine and ask her to play a few songs happily. After she finished playing, she looked a little gloomy. She talked about the joyful things in her youth, but now she was wandering and sinking. She described herself as haggard, wandering between rivers and lakes. In the two years since I left Beijing and worked abroad, I have been content with the situation and enjoyed myself. But now I was touched by this man's words, and that night I felt like I had been demoted. So he wrote a long poem and gave it to her as a gift, totaling 616 words, titled "Pipa Play".
On an autumn night, I went to see off a returning guest at the head of the Xunyang River. The cold wind blew the autumn leaves and reed flowers rustling.
My guests and I dismounted and held a farewell banquet on the boat. We raised our glasses to drink, but the music did not entertain us.
After drinking wine, I was even more sad that we were about to say goodbye. The bright moon was reflected in the vast river at night when we were saying goodbye.
Suddenly I heard the crisp sound of pipa playing on the river; I forgot about the returning guests and didn’t want to leave.
Look for the source of the sound and ask who is playing the pipa? The pipa stopped for a long time but there was no movement.
We moved the boat closer and invited her to come out to meet her; we asked the servants to add wine, put back the lights, and start the banquet again.
She walked out slowly after calling her a thousand times, still holding the pipa in her arms and half covering her face.
Tighten the axis of the piano and pluck the strings to play a few times; before the tune is formed, the shape is very sentimental.
The sad and sad voice of Xianxian implies deep contemplation; it seems to be telling her life's frustration;
She lowered her head and played continuously and casually; All the infinite memories in my heart are told.
Gently gather it, twist it slowly, apply it for a while, and pick it for a while. The first performance was "The Song of Colorful Feather Clothes" and then the "Liu Yao".
The big string is loud, long and noisy like a storm; the small string is gentle and quiet, like someone whispering.
The noisy sounds are intertwined with each other; like big beads and small beads falling from a jade plate in a string.
The sound of the pipa is sometimes like the smooth and smooth sound of birds singing under the flowers, and sometimes it is like the deep, low and intermittent sound of water flowing under the ice.
As if the sound of the cold pipa in the water spring began to condense, the condensed and unsmooth sound gradually stopped.
It seems that another kind of sadness and hatred is secretly growing; at this time, the silence is more moving than the sound.
Suddenly it was like a silver bottle breaking and water splashing everywhere; it was also like armored cavalry fighting with swords and guns.
At the end of the song, she aimed at the center of the strings and plucked them; the fourth string roared as if tearing the fabric.
People on the east and west boats listened quietly; they saw the white autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river.
She pondered, put away the pick and inserted it into the strings; she straightened her clothes and still showed a solemn face.
She said that I used to be a famous singer in the capital; my hometown lived in Xiabaoling in the southeast of Chang'an City.
I learned how to play the pipa at the age of thirteen; my name is listed in the first team of the Jiaofang Orchestra.
Every time she plays a song, she is impressed by the art masters; every time she puts on makeup, she is jealous of her fellow geishas.
The wealthy children of Kyoto rushed to present gifts; after playing a song, they collected countless red ribbons.
The silver grate on the tin head is often broken and smashed; the red skirt is stained by wine stains, but I don’t regret it.
Year after year is spent laughing and playing; the beautiful time from autumn to spring is wasted in vain.
My brother joined the army and my sister died, and the family fortune has been ruined; as the evening passes and the morning comes, I gradually grow older and lose appearance.
The number of cars and horses in front of the door has decreased, and only a few people are visiting; my youth is gone and I have to marry a businessman as my wife.
Businessmen value profits rather than love and often break up easily; last month he went to Fuliang to do tea business.
He left, leaving me alone to guard the empty boat at the river mouth; the autumn moon accompanied me around the cabin, and the autumn water around the cabin was cold.
Even late at night, I often dream of having fun and carnivaling as a teenager; in the dream, I wake up crying and my tears stain my pink face.
I had already shaken my head and sighed when I heard Pipa’s cry; and hearing her words made me even more miserable.
We are both miserable people who have fallen into the world; why do we need to ask if we have known each other before when we meet today!
Since I left the bustling capital of Chang'an last year, I was demoted to live by the Xunyang River and often fell ill.
Xunyang is a desolate and remote place with no music; no orchestral instruments can be heard all year round.
I live in a low-lying and humid place in the Huanjiang River; yellow reeds and bitter bamboos are growing around my house.
What can you hear here sooner or later? It's all the sad cries of cuckoos and monkeys.
The scenery is as beautiful as the flowers on the spring river and the moonlit night on the autumn river; I have no choice but to often drink wine alone.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just that the hoarse and rough tone is really unpleasant.
Tonight when I listen to you playing the pipa and expressing your true feelings, it’s like my eyes light up and my ears light up when I hear the fairy music.
Please don’t refuse to sit down and play another song; I want to compose a new poem for you, "Pipa Song".
Moved by my words, she stood for a long time; turned around, sat down, and tightened the strings to make an urgent sound.
The mournful sound was no longer the same as before; everyone present covered their faces and cried non-stop.
Who among you has shed the most tears? I, Sima Jiangzhou, am soaked in my blue shirt with tears!
4. Introduction to "Pipa Xing"
"Pipa Xing" is one of the long Yuefu poems by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. It was written in the eleventh year of Yuanhe (816). By describing the pipa girl's superb playing skills and her unfortunate experiences, this poem exposes unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, poor people's livelihood, and buried talents in feudal society. It expresses the poet's deep sympathy for her, and also expresses the poet's innocence towards himself. Resentment at being demoted.
In June of the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), the vassal forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to assassinate Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng on the streets of Chang'an, and stabbed Pei Du, the imperial censor. There was an uproar between the government and the public, and the vassal forces further proposed Demanding the removal of Pei Du, in order to stabilize Fan Zhen's "rebellious" intentions. Bai Juyi advocated the strict arrest of the murderer, which was suspected of "exceeding his duties"; moreover, Bai Juyi usually wrote allegorical poems, which offended the powerful officials in the court, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Sima was the assistant to the governor. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, most "criminal" officials were specially placed, which was a disguised form of distribution. This incident had a great impact on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological changes. From then on, his early fighting spirit gradually faded away and his negative emotions increased day by day.
In the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (816 AD), Bai Juyi had been demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for two years. When he was seeing off guests at the head of the Xunyang River, he happened to meet a singer who became famous for her skills in her youth but was abandoned in her old age. She felt depressed. , combined with his own experiences on the road, he used the genre of song to create the famous "Pipa Xing" (the original work "Pipa Yin").
5. Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, and Mr. Zuiyin. His ancestral home was Taigu. He moved to Xiagui when his great-grandfather was there. He was born in Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" in the world, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi.
Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and simple and popular language. He is known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". He became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down from generation to generation, and his representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Play" and so on.