Writing background
This article is the author’s recollection of what happened eight years ago.
The author was studying in the Philosophy Department of Peking University at the time. When he learned that his grandmother had passed away, he rushed from Beijing to Xuzhou and returned to Yangzhou with his father for the funeral.
After the funeral, my father went to Nanjing to find a job, and the author returned to Beijing to study. Father and son said goodbye in Pukou.
The main idea of ??the paragraph
The full text is divided into three parts:
1. The first part (first paragraph):
Missing my father, the most What cannot be forgotten is his "back". Opening point.
2. The second part (from "That Winter" to "My Tears Come Again"):
Recalling the past, recalling the scene of parting with my father at the station, expressing The sincere affection of a father and his son.
The first level (from "That Winter" to "We Walked Together"):
Explain the family situation when the father and son parted this time, adding sadness to the writing of "Back View" atmosphere.
The second level ("from when I arrived in Nanjing" to "...so smart"):
Write about the careful care of my father before seeing him off, paving the way for writing "Back View".
The third level (from "I said" to "...again"):
Describe the "back view" of the father climbing across the railway to buy oranges, expressing his sincere feelings .
3. The third part (last paragraph):
Write about missing your father after saying goodbye. It ends by reappearing the "back view" in tears, directly expressing the deep nostalgia.
Theme
Through the description of the father seeing off his son at the station, it shows the father's meticulous love for his son and the son's longing for his father.
The article is about what the author experienced when he was studying at Peking University in 1917. It was written in 1925. The situation in Chinese society during this period was: warlords were separatist, imperialist forces were fighting openly and covertly, intellectuals were in danger, and the working people were in dire straits. Although the author did not take a revolutionary stance at the time and was involved in the struggle against imperialism and feudalism, as an upright, kind and honest intellectual, he was bound to feel the oppression of society and feel lonely and desolate. Isn't it? The author's family is becoming increasingly embarrassed due to the darkness of society. "The situation is very bleak" and "every day is worse than the day."
The author's father was "unemployed" at first, and then died in order to find a job. "Walking around" and even Lao Jing's "depression"
These all reflect from one aspect the reality that intellectuals at that time were busy toiling, had a bleak future, found a job difficult, and were in a miserable situation. A layer of lingering gloom hangs over their hearts, just like the gloomy tone expressed in the article
In this context, the author writes about the sincere, deep and touching love between father and son, which is not only A traditional pure and noble feeling that is in line with our national ethics, and father and son are considerate of each other, especially the father. The love between father and son that combines bitterness and sadness contains the struggle in the face of misfortune and the old indifference to human feelings. The struggle of the world. Although this is just resentment but not anger, it will also arouse people's sympathy, lamentation and even strong outcry.
The story described in "Back" is very simple. A small official who lost his job sent his son north to study and said goodbye at the train station. In the old China ruled by warlords, this kind of thing was very common. In that dark society, even such a well-off family could not withstand the blows of natural and man-made disasters. The article records the misfortune of the author's family and the gloomy state of the world at that time, and reflects the social reality at that time from one aspect
Although this kind of society no longer exists, the scene recorded is very important to our readers today. , especially the young generation, still plays a role in historical understanding.
Writing Characteristics
The characteristic of this prose is to grasp the characteristics of the character "back", organize the material, and express the deep affection between father and son in the narrative.
"Back" appears four times in the article. Each time the situation is different, but the thoughts and feelings are the same.
The first time is at the beginning of the article, with the title "Back", and there is a strong emotional atmosphere surrounding the whole article.
The second time is in the farewell scene at the station. The author made a detailed description of his father's "back", which is the focus of the writing. The father's fat body, wearing a large black cloth mandarin jacket and a dark blue cloth cotton robe, staggered across the railway track with difficulty to buy oranges for his son. This scene showed the father's deep love for his son and moved the son to tears.
The third time was after the father and his son said goodbye. The son watched his father's "back" disappear in the crowd, feeling sad and tearful.
The fourth time is at the end of the article. The son reads his father's letter, and his father's "back" appears again in tears. The feeling of longing cannot be overcome, echoing the beginning of the article.
This work vividly expresses the sincere feelings between father and son, but it is different from other works that describe portraits of characters, focusing on the expressions, voices, and smiles. Instead, it captures a characteristic of the characters." "Back", he spared no effort in describing it in detail and in detail.
Why does the author handle it this way?
This is closely related to the author's family background and state of mind.
Because my father was in a "decadent" old age, suffered from many hardships, and was down and out for most of his life.
When his family was in dire straits, his grandmother passed away, and he was busy looking for a job, he still worked hard and took the trouble to send his son to Beijing. He also climbed the railway with difficulty to buy oranges for his son, and repeatedly warned him to be careful along the way.
At that time, the father was in a bad mood, and the son was also in a bad mood.
Then, the author captures the "back" of his father and concentrates on it to express his thoughts and feelings in a specific environment, which naturally achieves a strong artistic effect.
Precisely because the work writes about a specific family situation, state of mind, and the love and affection between a loving father and a filial son, there is a touch of sadness between the lines, which makes it more sincere and moving.
1. Nationalization:
The language of "Back" is very faithful and simple, and also very elegant and refined. This highly nationalized language, the national spiritual temperament expressed in "Back View", and the perfect structure of the article in "Back View" form a harmonious unity. Without the bright, elegant, simple and honest language of "Back View", there would be no all the charm of "Back View".
2. Conciseness:
The article is clean throughout and there are no redundant words. Even the word "的" or the word "了" must be used before they are used. Except for the inclusion of some classical Chinese words, there are no fancy words, and the uncommon words are all simple and natural homely words, which have a strong flavor of life and are refined very concisely.
3. Simplicity:
"Back" uses white line drawings to describe the facts without any modification or exaggeration.
The whole article describes how much the father cares and loves his son, and how much the son appreciates and misses his father. However, there are no abstract ready-made words like "care", "love" and "gratitude" in the article. Use it, and there are no fancy words. Dapu is the expression of Daqiao.
The words and sentences used in the article have been carefully considered and are never casual.
For example, the part about seeing me off: "Because my father was busy with work, he had already decided not to see me off, so he asked a familiar waiter in the hotel to accompany me. He repeatedly asked the waiter to be very careful." "It's decided", if you use "said", it seems to make sense, but it is much inferior. It was "decided" not to give it away, but later it was finally given. In fact, it was undecided, which perfectly showed the father's ambivalence at the time. The word "familiar" indicates that the waiter entrusted by his father should be reliable; "repeated instructions" indicates that he has given instructions to the waiter many times, and took the trouble to explain them repeatedly, lest the waiter make any omissions; "very carefully" indicates the content of the instructions. In detail, all the details that should be paid attention to when sending off are mentioned. These terms emphasize that the father has made extremely detailed and thorough considerations and arrangements for his son to get into the car. Although the words are very ordinary, they are used just right, making the father's love for his son vivid on the page.
4. Touching
The language is plain and concise, but it can convey infinite affection, which is another feature of the language of the article. The whole text is plain and simple, but there is a deep feeling of nostalgia permeating between the lines, so it is very touching. The words are very ordinary, nothing special. Readers have this kind of life experience, so it is easy to arouse associations. From this, they can discover the common and common but most precious beautiful feelings in the world, which can cultivate people's temperament and enhance people's temperament. Understanding the hearts of parents in the world.
5. Mixed text and white text:
The reason for the appearance of classical Chinese in the article: The author has a deep foundation in classical Chinese. Classical Chinese words and phrases were often included in the stylistic texts at that time. This is on the one hand : On the other hand, the use of classical Chinese words and phrases in the article may also be related to the author's thoughts and feelings at the time.
For example, instead of saying "unemployment" or "lost his job",
"Idleness" seems to be less harsh, embarrassing and undignified than "unemployment"; the last stanza is more authentic because the father's letter is in classical Chinese and the original sentence is quoted, and also because what it expresses is family. The dilemma with his father, the desolate mood and the complicated feelings, so many classical Chinese words and phrases are also used, which also casts a layer of special language color given to petty bourgeois intellectuals by the times.
In terms of writing method, the main feature of "Back" is line drawing. The author used line drawing to describe the back of his father and the scene of crossing the railway when buying oranges.
The so-called line drawing, according to my understanding, is to use simple words to faithfully record the scene at that time without using metaphors, descriptions or modifications, so as to give readers a sense of witnessing it. In other words, line drawing is a description using a narrative method to achieve the artistic effect of reproducing the actual scene.
The author's line drawing skills in "Back View" are very high. Please read the text below:
I saw him wearing a black cloth cap, a black cloth mandarin jacket, and a dark green cloth cotton robe. He staggered to the side of the railway and slowly leaned down. It was not a disaster. But it was not easy for him to cross the railway and climb to the platform over there. He clung to it with both hands and retracted his feet upwards; his fat body leaned slightly to the left, showing an effort. At this time I saw his back, and my tears flowed down quickly. I quickly wiped away my tears, fearing that he would see me and others would see me. When I looked at him again, he had already hugged the scarlet orange and looked back. When crossing the railway, he first scattered the oranges on the ground, climbed down slowly, then picked up the oranges and walked away. When he got here, I hurriedly helped him.
The father’s back is very familiar to his son. But what I want to describe is not the common back view, but the back view that moved him so much on a specific occasion that he will never forget! The author does not use thick ink or heavy colors, but draws in white.
The author wrote down his father’s clothes, body movements, and especially the scene of crossing the railway.
How to walk, how to lean down, how to climb up the platform, climb up and down, move your feet and lean forward, are all written down in detail and truthfully. After reading, we feel like we are actually there. It was as if we were present and witnessed the care and thoughtfulness of a kind father towards his son.
The author has no words to describe it, nor does he try to exaggerate it. He uses extremely simple words to vividly outline the image of his father.
The scene where my father saw me off happened eight years ago. The author uses line drawings to reproduce the moving scenes at that time extremely vividly. We cannot help but admire Zhu Ziqing's descriptive skills. This kind of writing, at first glance, seems to be "I have not seen my father for more than two years, and the last thing I can't forget is his back."
"When you start writing, it seems to be ordinary, but in fact, it reveals novelty in the ordinary: