Border town, geese fly low at dusk, asparagus gradually gathers.
Countless * * * remote moraine, actually carrying white practice to Anxi.
The gates of the ancient town are open, and Hu Bing is often near the sand.
Patrol the border and let the guests leave early, but if they ask for peace, they will not come.
Translation and annotation translation of frontier fortress poems
one
Low-flying geese appear in the border town in the evening, and reeds are struggling to grow.
A group of camels, full of goods, accompanied by barbed camels, slowly moved forward. The westbound camel caravan should still transport the silk to Anxi through this avenue.
Secondly,
The gate of the ancient town faces the desert, and the soldiers of the Hu people often lean against the hills.
Those who patrol the border towns should travel as early as possible. If you want to be safe, no messenger will come.
third
The river flowing through Fenglinguan flows eastward, with white grass and elm for sixty years.
The soldiers in the border town have been favored by the duke, but no one knows how to recapture Liangzhou.
The analysis of Liangzhou Ci is the name of Yuefu poetry, which was originally a song in Liangzhou area. Poets in the Tang Dynasty often use this tune as a poem to describe the scenery and war in the northwest frontier. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tubo people took advantage of their weakness to raise troops and herd horses in the East and occupied dozens of counties and towns such as Liangzhou in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty (now east of Yongchang in Gansu and west of Tianzhu), which lasted for more than half a century from the late eighth century to the middle of the ninth century. Seeing this reality, the poet wrote three poems of Liangzhou, which reproduced the sad scene of the border town from three aspects: the desolation of the border town, the intrusion of the border jam and the corruption of the border generals, and expressed the poet's deep concern about the border politics.
First of all:
The first poem describes the desolation and desolation of the border town. Write down the first two sentences you saw when selling. "Wild geese fly low in the night rain in the border town", looking up at the border town, it's rainy and rainy, and a group of wild geese fly low. Why didn't the poet write about the clear sky in Wan Li, the border town, but chose the gloomy rainy scenery, because at this time, the poet was not interested in seeing the frontier fortress scenery, but only borrowed the scenery to express his feelings, suggesting that the people in the border town could not live a quiet life under the intrusion of Hu Bing. In order to enhance the atmosphere of the mourning scene, the author put this scene of wild geese flying in the dusk of a specific season. The gloomy and sad border town, like first frost, is a natural phenology in autumn and winter; At this time, it is neither first frost nor autumn, but the spring when everything strives for glory. "Asparagus has begun to take shape", overlooking Yuanye border town, reeds sprout like bamboo shoots and compete to grow. This sentence has pointed out that the cold has disappeared. In the sunny mid-spring, the border town is still rainy and desolate, which is easy to remind people of the sadness of the four seasons. These two sentences are very distinctive. What you can see by pitching shows the darkness of the border town in a vast spatial position; Sunset rain and asparagus shine up and down, clearly setting off the sad scenery in a beautiful season, which has a strong artistic appeal.
The last two sentences are narratives. In this sad scene, there must be many tragedies in the border town, and quatrains can't be described in many ways. The poet grasped the most typical event on the Silk Road: "Countless * * * have crossed the moraine, and we are going to practice in Anxi." The moraine (qi) in this sentence is desert; "Anxi", an important town in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty, was occupied by Tubo at this time. Overlooking the border town of Yuanye, there were few people, only a bunch of camels disappeared in the distant desert. This kind of "remote transmission" reminds me of Yao Si: in this warm spring, the caravan carrying silk should be in an endless stream, passing through Xi' an and leading to the western regions; However, now Anxi is occupied, the Silk Road is blocked, and countless white woven silks are no longer transported to the western regions for trading. "Should carry" is not positive, but meaningful. How the poet hopes to recover the border town and restore the prosperity of the past! The clear pen of "Ying Tuo" strongly expresses the poet's strong desire, thus pointing out the theme of this poem.
This quatrain gives readers rich associations with its scenery narration and the interweaving of distance and reality. In fact, one or two sentences describe the close-up of the border town, which strongly implies the disorder, tension, terror and desolate and bleak atmosphere of the border town, which is a combination of reality and reality; Three, four, two empty sentences about the prospect of listening and listening, from * * * "remote transmission" to "Yao Si" who should carry Anxi, are all empty. On the Silk Road, plunder replaced trade and depression replaced prosperity. Although this is out of the poet's foresight, it has deeply penetrated into the artistic space imagined by readers.
Third:
Bai Juyi wrote in West Ji Liang: "Liangzhou was trapped for forty years, and the dragon invaded for seven thousand miles. Usually Anxi is in Wan Li, but now the border defense is in Fengxiang. There are 100,000 soldiers on the border, well fed and warm. The adherents are heartbroken in Liangzhou and will look at each other and have no intention of accepting it. " Yuan Zhen's "Xiliang Geisha" also said: "The thieves of the State of Yan messed up China, and Hehuang suddenly left the hills empty. Liancheng will be a high-level player, but can you not be ashamed every time you say this song? " It is pointed out that the reason why Liangzhou fell and was not incorporated is the corruption and incompetence of the border guards. Zhang Ji's third poem expresses this theme, but the style of this poem is completely different. "LAM Raymond turns off the water and flows eastward, and the white grass is sixty years old." These two sentences describe the scenery and point out that the border town has been occupied by Tubo for a long time, and it is desolate and bleak. "LAM Raymond Pass" is in the northwest of Linxia City, Gansu Province. Before the Anshi Rebellion, the border between Tang Dynasty and Tubo was west of Fenglinguan. With the fall of the four towns in the border town, Fenglinguan also fell. Under the brutal plunder and violent slavery of Tubo aliens, the land in LAM Raymond Pass is barren and barren. Every year, only cold water flows eastward, and white grass and elm trees are everywhere, which is a depression. Here, the poet not only depicts the desolation of Fenglinguan with "white grass and yellow elm" from the spatial breadth, but also highlights the depth of Fenglinguan disaster with the specific number "60 autumn" from the time depth. Sixty Autumn is not exaggeration, but realism. From the fall of four towns in 762 A.D. (the early years of Tang Daizong) to the poet's writing of this poem in 824 A.D., it did not recover for sixty years. The land has been lost for so long and the disaster of the border people is so deep, why not recover it? What is the reason? As a result, the poet issued a deep and angry condemnation.
"The border pass will be blessed by the Lord, and no one will take Liangzhou." Writing the previous sentence is a great responsibility. "All owe to the Lord" shows that the frontier generals shoulder the heavy responsibility of the court, enjoy the rich wealth of the country and shoulder the great trust of the people. It is their bounden duty to guard the border and recover lost territory. However, the land lost in the past 60 years is still under the iron hoof of Tubo, which is not caused by the weakness of national politics and the lack of border strength. The last sentence pointed to the reason: none of the generals guarding the border mentioned the recovery of Liangzhou. Bian will enjoy the generous treatment of the country, but he can't do his duty and recover the lost land. It can be seen that he is full and full, taking bribes and perverting the law. In sharp contrast, these two sentences strongly condemned the ingratitude and long-term dereliction of duty of the frontier fortress generals, which was really hateful and deplorable.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tubo people took advantage of their weakness to raise troops and herd horses in the East and occupied dozens of counties and towns in Liangzhou (now east of Yongchang, Gansu, and west of Tianzhu) in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty, which lasted for more than half a century from the late eighth century to the middle of the ninth century. Seeing this reality, the poet was deeply moved and wrote three Liangzhou poems. Zhang Ji (about 767 ~ 830) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Wenchang, Han nationality, is from Wujiang (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) and looks at Suzhou Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) 1. His ancestors moved to Hezhou, and later he was from Wujiang (now Wujiang Town, Hexian County, Anhui Province). The world calls it "Zhang Shuibu" and "Zhang". Zhang Ji's Yuefu Poems are as famous as Wang Jian's Yuefu Poems, also known as "Zhang Wang Yuefu". Famous poems include Song of Xia Sai, Complaining for Women, Song of Picking Lotus and Song of Jiangnan. 1 textual research on Zhang Ji's native place holds that Han Yu's "Zhang Ji is in Wu Jun" refers to his view of the county, and quotes historical biography materials such as New Tang Book Zhang Jichuan, Chronicle of Tang Poems, and Ji Sheng in the Middle of the Earth to refute the Suzhou theory and determine that Zhang Ji is from Wujiang. Ji Zhang
Under the wild tent under the atrium feast, our brothers and sisters from the frontier came to congratulate us on our victory. Get drunk, shining golden dancing, jubilant thunder shaking the surrounding mountains and rivers. -Lu Lun's Sai IV by He Pushe and Sai IV by Zhang Pushe in the Tang Dynasty.
Under the wild tent under the atrium feast, our brothers and sisters from the frontier came to congratulate us on our victory.
Get drunk, shining golden dancing, jubilant thunder shaking the surrounding mountains and rivers. There are 300 Tang poems, with frontier fortress and feasts, praising the soldiers in Tianshan Mountain in September like knives, and hunting horses in the south of the city to shrink their hair. General Zhao won the game by riding and shooting, and won Shan Yu's Marten robe. -Cen Can's "Zhao Jiangjun Song" in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Jiangjun Song
In September, the cold wind is like a knife at the foot of the mountain, and the horses in the south of the city shrink their hair.
General Zhao won the game by riding and shooting, and won Shan Yu's Marten robe. Frontier fortress, written by generals, although the horn broke the crystal air in autumn, soldiers, in the lookout, are at ease today. A gust of cold wind blows the tomb of Zhaojun, and the Maxview of the border town beam is warm with sunshine. The vast desert can't be blocked by the army, and tourists often visit the border areas. Fan's love is like this flowing water, and it is willing to flow into the southern Central Plains forever. -Zhang Qiao's Book Margin in the Tang Dynasty
On the edge of clear autumn, the horn was broken and leaned on the watchtower for a long time. A gust of cold wind blows the tomb of Zhaojun, and the Maxview of the border town beam is warm with sunshine.
The vast desert can't be blocked by the army, and tourists often visit the border areas. Fan's love is like this flowing water, and it is willing to flow into the southern Central Plains forever. Three hundred Tang poems, frontier life