Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin * * Russian: александрсергеевичп ... , poetic novel yevgeni onegin, short story The Queen of Spades, novel My Daughter, etc. Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was hailed by Gorky as "the beginning of all beginnings".
The life of Pushkin, a writer
18 1 1 year, Pushkin entered Huangcun School, a school for aristocratic children, and began his literary creation career at the age of 12. 18 15. In the senior high school entrance examination, he recited his own Memories of Huangcun, which showed his outstanding poetry writing ability, especially the beauty and exquisiteness of his poems. In his early poems, he imitated the romantic poets Bachu Skov and Zhukovsky, and learned the styles of French poets Andrei Che Nier 17 to 18. While studying in Huangcun Middle School, he also accepted the French enlightenment and made friends with some security officers who later became party member in December. His thought of opposing czar's autocracy and pursuing freedom was initially formed.
Pushkin went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Petersburg after graduation. During this period, he was deeply influenced by the later December Party members and their ideas of democracy and freedom. He participated in the literary group "Green Light Society" which is associated with the secret organization of December Party members, and wrote many poems against serfdom and eulogizing freedom, such as Ode to Freedom *** 18 17 * *. To Cha Daieff, * *1818 * *; Country, * * 18 19 * *, 1820, Pushkin wrote a fairy tale narrative poem Ruslan and lyudmila. The story is based on Russian folklore, and describes that ruslan, a knight, overcomes difficulties and obstacles and finally finds his bride, lyudmila. Pushkin used vivid folk language in his poems, which was different from classical poetry in content and form, and challenged the aristocratic traditional literature.
Pushkin's works caused the tsar's anxiety. 1820 was sent to work in southern Russia, which was actually a disguised exile. During this period, he had more frequent contacts with members of the1February Party and attended some secret meetings in The Decemberists. His thought of pursuing freedom is clearer and stronger. Pushkin wrote famous articles such as * * 182 1 * *, prisoners * * 1822 * * * to the sea * *1824 * *, and also wrote a group of South. He also wrote many beautiful lyrics: Since this period, Pushkin has fully demonstrated his unique style.
From 1824 to 1825, Pushkin was sent back to Mikhailovsk village, the territory of his parents in Pskov region, where he was imprisoned for two years and wrote nearly 100 poems. He collects folk songs and stories, studies Russian history, and his thoughts are more mature and his creation is more realistic. From 65438 to 0825, he completed the creation of Boris Godunov, the first realistic tragedy in Russian literary history.
1826, czar Nicholas I ascended the throne. In order to win people's hearts, Pushkin was recalled to Moscow, but he was still under the secret surveillance of the czar police. Pushkin did not change his attitude towards The Decemberists. He had an illusion about the new czar, hoping that Nicholas I could pardon The Decemberists in exile in Siberia, but the illusion was quickly shattered, so he wrote a political lyric poem "To the Prisoner of Siberia" to express his loyalty to The Decemberists's ideal.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/830, Pushkin spent three months in his father's territory, which was the harvest period of his life's creation and was called "the autumn of Polkino" in the history of literature. He finished the poetic novel yevgeni onegin written from 1823, and created the image of the first "superfluous man" in Russian literature, which became his most important work. He also wrote Belgin's Tales, Tragic Knight, Mozart and Charlery, Plague Banquet, The Stone Man and nearly 30 lyric poems. The postmaster in Belgin's short stories is a model of Russian short stories, which opens the tradition of shaping "little people" and his realistic creation is in full swing.
Pushkin moved to Petersburg in 183 1 and still works in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He went on to create many works, including the narrative poem Bronze Knight * *1833 * *, the fairy tale poem Fisherman and Goldfish * *1833 * *, and the short story The Queen of Spades * *1834 * *. He also wrote two novels about farmers, Du Blovsky * * 1832- 1833 * * * and my daughter *** 1836***.
1836 Pushkin founded the literary magazine Modern People. This publication was edited by belinsky, Necrasov, Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov. Until the 1960s, it not only trained a large number of outstanding writers, but also became the mouthpiece of Russian progressives.
Pushkin's creation and activities gave the Tsar a headache. They conspired to provoke the captain of the French gendarmerie, Dants, to desecrate Pushkin's wife, Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova, which led to the duel between Pushkin and Dants in 1837. Pushkin was seriously injured in the duel and died on February 8, 1987 at the age of 37. His early death made Russian progressive literati sigh: "The sun of Russian poetry has set".
In order to commemorate Pushkin, people changed the name of Huangcun, where he was born, to Pushkin *** 1796, where Emperor Catherine died * * *. Now it has become a famous tourist attraction, and the famous village of Poljinnuo is also nearby.
Pushkin's working style
An outstanding representative of Russian romantic literature, the founder of realistic literature and the founder of modern standard Russian. His works are the literary reflection of Russian national consciousness and aristocratic revolutionary movement. The content of Pushkin's lyric poems is unprecedented in the history of Russian poetry, including political lyric poems to Chaadayev * * 18 18 * * * Ode to Freedom * *1817 * * and to the prisoner of Siberia * *. Pushkin wrote 12 narrative poems in his life, the most important of which are Ruslan and lyudmila, Prisoner of Caucasus * * 1822 * *, Bronze Knight * * 1833 * * and so on. Pushkin's plays are few, and the most important one is the historical play Boris Godunov * * 1825 * * *.
In addition, he also created the poetic novel yevgeni onegin * * 183 1 * *, the prose novel Belgin's Tales * *1831* * and the novel My Daughter * * 65438 about the uprising in Baishan, pugachev. It has created typical images with high generalization significance: "redundant person", "money knight", "nobody" and agricultural leader. The presentation of these problems and the appearance of literary images have greatly promoted the progress of Russian social thought, helped to awaken the people and contributed to the development of Russian liberation movement.
Pushkin's excellent works have achieved a high degree of unity of content and form. His lyric poems are rich in content, profound in emotion, flexible in form, exquisite in structure and beautiful in rhythm. His essays and novels have concentrated plots, neat structures and vivid and concise descriptions. Pushkin's creation has an important influence on the development of Russian realistic literature and world literature, and is called "the beginning of all beginnings" by Gorky.