The Great Wall was built before the Qin Dynasty, but it was built in the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall in Jiyun Town, which was built by Qi Jiguang, is the most wonderful. These two passes are located in this famous Jiyun town.
Malan Pass is located in the northwest of Zunhua County, Hebei Province, also known as Malan Valley Pass. Now there is a village nearby called Malan Valley. Zunhua's father lived in this village for a long time when he joined the army, so the old man often mentioned this place. That year, a fellow villager showed my father a tile knife of more than ten kilograms, which was said to be used by the ancients when repairing the Great Wall. I wonder if it is still alive today.
There is no doubt that the purpose of setting up a pass here in the Ming Dynasty was to prevent the remnants of the Mongolian Northern Yuan Dynasty from attacking the capital. During the Ming Dynasty, Mongols broke into this pass many times to plunder the Central Plains, and the Ming army attacked the invading Mongols many times. Later, General Yuan Yuan Chonghuan kept the pass, and the Manchu braiding roared outside the Great Wall.
In Ma's cross talk "Buy Hanging Tickets", there are a few words "Bodyguards pass by Malanguan", which are the lyrics in the Beijing Opera "Serial". Comic Book and Stealing the Horse are both traditional operas in Beijing Opera. Because Dou Erdun in the play painted a blue "three-tile" face, the famous "Talking about Singing Face" has the lyrics of "Blue-faced Dou Erdun steals the royal horse". The stories of these two plays are from the famous case-solving novel Shi Gong An. The story took place in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Dou Erdun was shot by Huang San with a golden dart. In a rage, he left Hejian, learned his double hook stunt, and went to the mouth to gather righteousness, so he was called a fugitive. Ten years later, Emperor Kangxi ordered Liang Jiugong to work with his family outside the home, and gave him a royal horse to chase after the wind. Dou Erdun stole the royal horse from the royal horse shed at night and framed it on Mrs. Huang San. Mr. Liang Jiugong sent Huang Tianba, the son of Mrs. Huang San, to criticize. Fortunately, the official pengpeng intervened to make Huang Tianba visit the horse thief within a time limit. Pretending to be a guard, Huang Tianba went outside the ring and went into the village alone to find out the whereabouts of the imperial horse. Huang Tianba reported his true identity and angered Doulton. The two sides agreed to bet on horses in a championship the next day. Zhu Guangzu, Huang Tianba's best friend, was afraid that Tianba would miss the tournament, so he entered the ring at night, stole Dou Erdun's weapon, the armguard hook, and put Huang Tianba's steel knife on Dou's console table to dissuade him. The next day, when the two sides met, Zhu Guangzu persuaded Dou Erdun to offer his horse to defect, so this story is also called "stabbing the sword and stealing the hook". I always feel that Huang Tianba Zhu Guangzu is not very authentic. Dou Erdun looks like a hero, so I don't like the book Shi Gong 'an. In fact, among a large number of chivalrous case-solving novels in the Qing Dynasty, nothing else can be called a masterpiece.
This story is based on a real case in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Dou Erdun was also mentioned in Ji Xiaolan's Notes on Yuewei Caotang, and Dou Erdun was recorded in xian county County Records and Gathering Notes in the 56th year of Kangxi. Dou Erdun was finally executed by Ling Chi in history. This is what the predecessors said. I haven't seen either of these things.
This story is quite famous, but it has little to do with Malanguan. The mention of Malanguan in the play only shows that Malanguan was famous in the early Qing Dynasty.
Malanguan section of the Great Wall was demolished in Kangxi period. It is said that it is to build the Qing Dongling with the stones and city bricks of the Great Wall. This is the view of most people. Actually, it's very petty. Even if Emperor Kangxi lived again, he wouldn't be such a chicken thief. Emperor Kangxi is no longer the Daoguang emperor who even patched his official clothes. Others think that Kangxi's demolition of the Great Wall is a historical sinner, and it is even more nonsense. The Great Wall, which stands in the mountains, did not stop the Eight Banners from going south. At this time, the Qing people had pushed the northern end of the border to the outer Xing 'an Mountains north of Heilongjiang. It is obviously meaningless to build the broken Great Wall, and Emperor Kangxi of Mulan paddock, autumn scenery, has successfully shocked the nomadic people in the north, not to mention the Waiba Temple in Chengde and the lamas in Tibet and Mongolia.
Xifengkou is located at the junction of Qianxi County and Kuancheng County. In ancient times, it was called Gulan Path, also known as Lulongsai. Songting Pass was set up here in the Han Dynasty (some people say that xifengkou and Songting Pass are not in the same place, but very close). It is one of the famous passes of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, which is much more famous than Malan Pass. Everyone has probably recited the sentence "but let Longcheng fly in", and some of this sentence was chosen as "but let Lucheng fly in". I say this because this Lulong is a place where Li Guang, a flying general, is famous. In fact, the most famous one who kept Lu for a long time was An Lushan, a big fat man. Unfortunately, this fellow is not a positive role, although he is the adopted son of beauty Yang Yuhuan. Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "Winning Songting Pass in a Dream", which was really well written. Unfortunately, our poet failed to realize his dream in the Southern Song Dynasty.
There is a story about the name of xifengkou. Legend has it that there was a soldier in ancient times who was stationed in the army for a long time. His father searched everywhere, almost all the passes of the Great Wall, and finally found his son here. The father and son met at the foot of the mountain, laughing and laughing, and even died of joy. The comedy turned into a tragedy. Because of pity for their misfortune, the soldiers who guarded the border together buried the father and son here, so it was named "Happy Meeting", and later it was slowly called xifengkou.
Xifengkou is also an important pass on the Great Wall. It is located in the Luanhe River Basin, and the mountains on the left and right face each other. The terrain is very dangerous and has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. It is said that Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan began at that time, leaving the legend of Liaodong left by Guo Fengxiao; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the former Yan Murong Mu (the ancestor of Gusu Mu Rongfu in Jin Yong's novel Tianlong Babu) entered the Central Plains from then on; During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the famous anti-Japanese warrior Zhang Zizhong led the 19th Route Army broadsword team to fight against the Japanese aggressors here, leaving behind the famous "broadsword fell on the devil's head", which was the last time that the Great Wall played a practical role in history. It is said that there are bullet holes and gun marks on the wall of the Great Wall today. Every time I pass by Zhang Zizhong Road in Beijing, I can't help but think of this history and this group of national heroes and soldiers of the Chinese nation.
In 1970s, Guancheng, xifengkou was partially submerged by the construction of Panjiakou Reservoir and became a famous underwater Great Wall. Only in the dry season can the remnants of Guancheng be exposed.
When I don't remember anything, I was carried around xifengkou by my parents, accompanied by a group of young pilots. I passed by here several times later, and I don't know when I can visit again. I wonder if those fellow travelers are all right now.