It is difficult to follow the teaching plan 1 teaching goal in eighth grade Chinese;
1, through repeated reading of poems, cultivate students' ability to improve their perception of language beauty;
2. By appreciating the beauty of artistic conception and rhythm of poetry, students' aesthetic interest and ability to create beauty can be improved.
3. Master the feelings expressed by the poet in his poems.
4. Recite this poem from memory.
Teaching emphasis: Recite and write poems from memory.
Difficulties in teaching: mastering the feelings expressed by poets in poems.
Class schedule: one class.
Teaching methods: reading, discussion and independent inquiry.
Teaching equipment: tape recorder
Teaching process:
First, introduce the new course:
Li Bai has no ambition. He is famous for Guan Zhong and Yan Ying. He wants to assist the emperor and achieve great things. Even if he is the next best, he will make a sensation with an article about Ci and Fu, just like his fellow villager He. He left Shu at the age of twenty-four, "serving the country with his sword, leaving his relatives to travel far away" and spent most of his life wandering. It was not until he was forty-two years old that he was called to worship Hanlin and was forced to leave Beijing two years later. When Li Bai entered Chang 'an, he had no choice but to be an official and wrote many poems to express his talent. Today, we will learn his The Road Is Hard to Walk (Part I).
Second, the author's brief introduction.
Li Bai, whose word is too white, is called a violet layman. When I was young, I wandered around the country. I once went to Chang 'an to worship Hanlin, but I was soon dismissed. In his later years, he drifted to the southeast and finally died of illness in Dangtu. Many of his poems strongly criticized the dark reality at that time, deeply cared about the safety of the current situation, loved the mountains and rivers of the motherland, sympathized with the lower class, despised the secular and despised the dignitaries; But it also often reveals some negative thoughts of drinking and seeking immortality and indulging in pleasure. He is good at drawing nutrition from the people, with rich and peculiar imagination, vigorous style of writing and magnificent colors. He is a great romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan.
Third, solve the problem and understand the background of poetry writing:
The poem "Difficult to Go" was written by Li Bai when he left Chang 'an in Tianbao for three years. The difficulty in writing about the world in poetry reflects the poet's strong frustration, anger and injustice after political setbacks. At the same time, it shows the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals, and shows the poet's powerful spiritual strength in trying to get rid of depression.
"Difficult to Walk" was written in the third year of Tianbao (774), which is the first of three songs. "Difficult to walk" is an old topic in Yuefu zaju. It is a set of poems written by Li Bai when he left Chang 'an for the south at the beginning of the year. It is difficult to write about the world in poetry, and it is full of frustration after political setbacks.
Four. Poetry analysis
1. What prevented the poet from eating "Golden Sake" and "Jade Plate Cuisine"?
Li Bai is about to leave. Out of deep affection for him, friends gave a banquet to see him off. But he picked up the glass and pushed it away, picked up the chopsticks and put them down again. He left the party and looked around, at a loss. Because of heavy melancholy and deep grief and indignation, the poet could not swallow or eat wine. Because the traitor blocked the road to virtue, the poet was sad and depressed.
2. Appreciate five or six sentences.
These two sentences are figurative rhetoric, that is, the title of "Difficult to Walk" also describes the poet's profound experience of turbulent official career in Chang 'an and his painful mood that backfired. How depressed and helpless this makes the poet.
3. The role of borrowing historical stories in poetry:
Borrowing the allusions of Bixi, where Lu Shang fished, and Dream Boat, Yi Yin, I dream that one day I can trust and reuse the rulers like the ancients and build a great cause. When his thoughts came back to reality again, he still felt the hardships of life. Looking forward to the future, I only feel that the road ahead is rugged and there are many detours. Where is the road?
4. What kind of ambition does the last sentence of the poem express?
Even though the road ahead is steep and diverse, the poet believes that one day, he will cross the sea and reach the other side of the ideal. It highlights his heroism and optimism that he is ready to break through all obstacles and display his ambitions. This is the strongest sound he sings.
5. Discuss how this poem embodies Li Bai's romantic poetic style.
1) Clever use of historical stories
2) Exaggerated description and metaphor
3) The leaping structure, with fourteen sentences and eighty-two words, can only be regarded as short poems in seven words and deeds, but it is leaping and has a long momentum pattern. One of the important reasons is that he revealed the ups and downs and complex changes of the poet's feelings with a hundred steps.
In short, the tone of the whole poem is radical and optimistic.
summary
"Difficult to Walk" is a lyric song interwoven with melancholy, optimism and self-confidence, and the main theme is always high. The poem "Watching the Wheat Harvest" describes the scene of farmers braving the heat to harvest wheat hard. Through the complaints of poor women, it reflects the heavy tax exploitation and the hardships of farmers' lives at that time, and expresses the poet's sympathy for farmers.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) classroom practice
It is difficult to answer these questions when reading Li Bai's poems.
It's hard to go
The cost of pure wine is a gold cup, 10 thousand copper coins and a hip flask, and I am ashamed of 10 thousand yuan.
I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.
I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing to the sun with a boat.
Travel is hard. Travel is hard. Don't go astray! Where to go today.
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
Note: ① This poem was written when Li Bai was slandered and driven out of Chang 'an. ② Bixi Fishing: I have never met Qian Su, but I used to fish in Panxi. (3) Dreaming of the sun by boat: When Yi Yin was about to be hired by Shang Tang, he dreamed of passing the sun and the moon by boat. The sun and the moon are metaphors of the son of heaven and the queen.
1. Facing the splendid banquet, the poet vividly expressed his _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
2. In the sentence "I would like to cross the Yellow River, ice plug the ferry, and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow", the poet vividly expressed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The poet used two allusions in the seventh and eighth sentences. What does the poet's allusions do?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
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In the last two poems, the poet's feelings are steep. Please tell me what feelings the poet expressed and how to understand them.
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
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Reference answer:
1. Stop casting; Inner pain and depression
2. Metaphorically, a person's political outlet is blocked by powerful people because of the difficulties and obstacles on the road of life.
3. The poet secretly used the story that Jiang Taigong and Yi Yin were finally appointed, indicating that he still had hope of returning to the imperial court.
4. After the previous emotional twists and turns, the realm suddenly opened up and sang a high-pitched and optimistic tone. I believe that his own ideals and ambitions will come true one day, which highlights the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals, and shows the poet's powerful spiritual strength in trying to get rid of depression.
The eighth grade Chinese teaching plan 2 teaching purpose
Learn this ancient poem, and realize the poet's unfulfilled mood, and realize that there is no lack of heroism in the poet's grief and indignation, and there is still hope in setbacks.
Improve the ability of appreciating ancient poems.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Recite by memory
Teaching time
One class hour
teaching process
1 solve problems, ancient Yuefu miscellaneous songs. In 722 AD, the poet Ying Zhao went to Beijing to devote himself to the Hanlin, trying to display his ambition of saving the country and saving the world, but he soon felt excluded and could not find a political way out. He wrote this poem when he went or stayed.
2 Pay attention to pronunciation when reading aloud: Jin Zun zūn Zhen Xi ūTou zhüQi qíRoad
Pay attention to common words: "shame" and "shame", delicious food. "Straight" is the same as "value", value.
Understand that the golden cup is filled with precious wine, and the jade plate is filled with delicious food worth ten thousand yuan. But I stopped to throw chopsticks and didn't want to drink. I drew my sword and looked around, at a loss. I want to cross the Yellow River, but the ice and snow have frozen the river. I want to climb Taihang Mountain, but it is covered with snow and mountains. When Lu Shang lived in seclusion, he often fished in Bixi; Before Yi Yin was hired, he dreamed of passing the sun by boat. It's hard to go, it's hard to go! How many forks in the road, where is my road today? One day, I will ride the long wind, break through the huge waves, hang Yun Fan high and cross the sea to repay my ambition.
4 appreciation
A narrative begins with the sixth poem of Bao Zhao, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, "I can't stand the case, draw my sword and strike the column with a sigh". With exaggerated brushwork, he wrote a feast of "golden sake" and "delicious jade plate", but the poet did not drink it, threw away his chopsticks, drew his sword and could not drink it, leaving him at a loss. His mood is different from that of quasi-it's difficult to go.
B Association and transition, the poet wants to "cross the Yellow River and climb Taihang Mountain", but "ice blocks the river and snow covers Shan Ye", which symbolizes the hardships of life and contains infinite grief and indignation. Although the road to reality is bumpy, the dream is still there and the ideal is still there. The poet thought that Lu had been fishing in Panxi in Weishui until he met King Wen. Before Yi Yin was hired by a businessman, he dreamed of going through the sun and the moon by boat. Lu Shang and Yi Yin finally realized their wishes. These two allusions express that poets should be as successful as they are.
C direct lyric, the poet's long-cherished wish of "saving the world" has never been realized, so he lamented "it's hard to go! The journey is very hard and there are many roads. Is it safe now? " At the end of the poem, this allusion is used to express one's political ambition, just like Zong Yi. Wake up in depression and believe that you will have time to display your talents.
The emotion of the whole poem changes repeatedly: his anguish, confusion, indignation, self-confidence and persistent pursuit.
Appreciation of Famous Sentences "One day, I will ride the wind and waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea"
Despite the obstacles ahead, the poet believes that he will one day hang high in Yun Fan, ride the wind and waves, cross the ocean and reach the ideal shore. This is an active pursuit and optimistic self-confidence.
Now I often use these two poems to express my great ideal burden and firm belief in realizing my ideal ambition.
6 recitation guides the expression of feelings
6 homework dictation emphasizes punctuation
It's difficult for eighth grade Chinese to follow the teaching goal of lesson plan 3;
1, understand the ideological content of poetry and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
2. Be able to analyze the usage and function of "Bi Xing" in the text.
3. Guide students to know the misfortunes of people who have no talent, and cherish the wonderful time when people do their best.
Teaching Emphasis: Repeated Reading and Associative Comparison of Poetry
Teaching difficulties: master the learning methods of appreciating poetry in an all-round way and apply what you have learned.
Teaching methods: reading aloud and discussing.
Preparation before class: students preview; Collect some poems of talented literati.
Class schedule: 1 class hour
Teaching process:
First, import
Ms Xiang told us a story about her lover and expressed her worry about meeting a beautiful woman. Let's study Bao Zhao's "It's difficult to mention it" and see what he is worried about. The road to life is hard, it is difficult to be talented, and it is difficult to be talented. The title of the blackboard is "Quasi-Hard to Walk".
Second, the central idea of reading
Requirements: Clear genre, accurate pronunciation and rhythm.
1, reading the general genre: Lenovo compares the learned poetry genre with Yuefu ancient poems.
Difficult to Walk is a Yuefu Zaqu, originally a ballad of Han Dynasty. Yuan, a native of A Jin, changed his tune and coined words, which became popular for a while. Bao Zhao's "To Be Difficult" is composed of eighteen poems, which eulogize all kinds of troubles in life and express grief and indignation. This article is the fourth.
2. Read the pronunciation and rhythm of the general idea;
3. Cooperate in situ and try to recite according to the main idea.
Third, the theory of poetry.
1, Lenovo contrast, talk about your understanding of the whole poem or a poem that you feel the most, and reflect your understanding by reading aloud.
2. Demonstration reading, leading to the method of poetry appreciation.
(1) exchange Bao Zhao's life experience and writing poetry background.
Bao Zhao (? ~ 466), a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. This word has far-reaching significance. Originally from Donghai, Shandong (now Tancheng); It refers to Shangdang in Shanxi (probably referring to the ancestral home of the Bao family in the East China Sea). I spent my youth in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). In the 16th year of Yuanjia in Song Wendi (439), when Bao Zhao was in his 20s, he went to visit Liu Yiqing, the king of Linchuan, and expressed his ambition with poems, which was recognized as the assistant minister of the country. This year, Liu Yiqing was appointed as the secretariat of Jiangzhou, and in the autumn of the same year, he also went to Jiangzhou. In the 21st year of Yuanjia (444), Liu Yiqing died of illness. He also neglected his duty and lived at home for some time. Later, he worked as an assistant minister in Shixing Liu Wang for a period of time. Shao had already left before Liu He's murder. Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, rose up and put down Liu Shao's rebellion, and also worked as a small official such as the Sheren of Zhongshu and Moling Mausoleum. In the fifth year of Daming (46 1), Emperor Xiao became the aide of Liu Zixu, the king of Linhai. The following year, Zixu was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, followed him to join the army in Jiangling, and was in a criminal prison. After the death of Emperor Xiaowu, before Liu was killed, he gave up his industrial independence and responded to the struggle of Jin Wang Xun against Liu. Xunzi was defeated, Xunzi was sentenced to death, and Bao Zhao was also victimized by mutinous soldiers.
The implementation of the gate valve system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in China resulted in a situation of "no poverty for the top grade and no home for the bottom grade". The gate system blocked the way for those poor scholars to enter the official career, and some talented poor scholars naturally felt wronged. The injustice of those poor scholars is reflected in literary works, which has become a feature of literature in this period.
(2) Understand the theme of poetry:
Question introduction: Is the poet's life difficult? How difficult is it?
Zhong Rong's "Poetry" says that Bao Zhao "shows weakness and learns from modern people". This poem is the voice of the poet's injustice. Expressed disgust at the poet's talent.
Fourth, understand emotions.
1, understand the dramatic emotional changes of the author and grasp the process of the poet's emotional changes.
Question inquiry: Does the poet accept his own destiny?
Conclusion: In the contradiction between "accepting fate" and "not accepting fate". First, it seems to have "resigned", then it seems to have "not resigned" and finally it seems to have "resigned".
2. How does the poet express this contradictory thought and emotion?
(1) What are the expressions in the first and second sentences? What does this mean?
Clarity: Use the expressive technique of Bixing. The poet used the natural phenomenon of running water as a metaphor, which triggered infinite feelings about social life. It shows that just as water flows in all directions according to different topography, human suffering is also determined by the level of family status.
② What does the word "destiny" in the third sentence mean? Combined with the whole poem, what does the author think of this?
Clear: "Fate" means that family background determines life, and what kind of family background has what kind of experience. The author thinks it is unfair, but there is no way to change it. It is just a superficial resignation, which is really an angry accusation against an unfair society.
What images did the fifth and sixth sentences create?
Clarity: A very concise brushwork vividly depicts the poet's sadness and unbearable modality. Hint: It is said that intentional drinking can eliminate depression, but can just one glass of wine eliminate depression? "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, it is even more sad to raise a glass to drown our sorrows", but the added sense of wine only aroused the tide of worrying about the sea. The poet clapped his hands with wine, sang a sad song and poured out his grief and indignation. What a sad scene it is to cry when singing Long song. Readers can also imagine their sadness and melancholy from this plot of raising a glass to drive away their worries but making a scene.
What do you feel about the seventh and eighth sentences?
Clear: The seventh sentence is a summary of the previous sentence. The poet's indestructible grief really depends on his feelings about the world. The heart is not a wooden stone of ignorance, and neither rational persuasion nor alcohol anesthesia can make the heart like wood. By asking questions, we can break the bank and cultivate ourselves, so that the emotion of the whole poem reaches its climax. Expressed the poet's struggle. The eighth sentence expresses the helplessness in the author's heart. The more passionate he is, the deeper the pain of "dare not say". The two sentences constitute a sharp contrast, vividly showing the poet's humiliating, contradictory and painful mental state.
Summary:
At first glance, the poet seems to calmly accept the reality that "life also has a life". In fact, he attacked the unreasonable gate valve system with sarcastic brushwork: Is it flat? Don't water flow in all directions according to their different topography? What a person's experience is like pouring water into the ground, isn't it also determined by his family status and social status?
The word "diarrhea" is not appropriate; Then I wrote to drown my sorrows with wine: "It's hard to drink a cup and break the road of singing." Can just a glass of wine dispel sadness? The poet sang with a high voice that it was hard to go. In the face of such an unreasonable reality, is the poet "heartless"? Can rational comfort and alcohol anesthesia make the heart like a beech? Of course not. The emotion of the whole poem reaches its climax in this sentence. Then the conversation changed: "I swallowed my voice and dared not speak." The ups and downs of poetry show the poet's humiliating, contradictory and painful mental state to the fullest!
Five, appreciation skills
The language of this poem is similar to spoken language, clear and fluent. The emotion of poetry is sometimes depressed and sometimes unrestrained, which makes the complicated psychological process full of twists and turns.
6. Expand: Read the poetry collections of some talented scholars and realize their different attitudes towards the hardships of life.
It's hard for Li Bai to walk-one day I will ride the wind and waves, sail straight and cross the deep sea.
Su Shi's Dingfengbo: A Life of Misty Rain
"Niannu jiao? Nostalgia in Chibi-Life is like a dream, and there are still statues on the moon.
Wang Bo's "Pavilion Preface-Meng Taste Noble, Serve the Country with Empty Hearts; You can't cry to the end of the road if you are crazy!
Seven, summarize the full text.
Bao Zhao's life path is full of tragedies, which come from the conflict between his time, birth and his ambition.
Bao Zhao was born in poverty, but the conflict between them was only the premise of Bao Zhao's tragedy. The decisive factor of Bao Zhao's tragedy is his personal ambition and ambition. Bao Zhao is a man with a strong personality and a desire for life. He makes no secret of his pursuit of wealth, timely enjoyment and achievement, and thinks that he deserves all this by virtue of his talent. Everything negative, reclusive and submissive in Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy is incompatible with his thought.
He desperately used his talent to realize his personal value, but when his efforts were suppressed by social reality and hindered by secular prejudice, his heart aroused endless waves, showing deep sorrow and anger at cynicism. This kind of anxiety and anger is manifested in his works, which forms his unique poetic style.
The fate of an individual is closely related to the times in which he lives. For thousands of years, how many literati have been "talented" and "powerless", talented and hopeless, and "heroes are useless." "Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal", which is the sorrow of the ages. Fortunately, we were born in a great era when we can freely display our talents. We only suffer from our own incompetence, not from the ignorance of others. What we have to do is to make ourselves a person with both ability and political integrity. Our time can do a lot!