Dondum
Thousands of miles of Ti Ying green reflects the great river, and Shuizhaishan fruit wine flags the wind.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
[Introduction to the author]
Du Mu was born in Mu Zhi, Fan Chuan in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). Born into a bureaucratic landlord family for generations. Zhong Shi, 26, is the librarian of Hong Wen Pavilion. Later, in addition to working as a local aide for ten years, he also worked as an ambassador in Huang, Chi, Mu and Hu, and also worked as a supervisor, food department, comparison department and foreign minister in the central government, and finally wrote a book. Author of Fan Chuan's collected works.
Du Mu was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. In his youth, Du Mu had the ambition to rule the country and level the world, liked reading military books, was upright and outspoken, and dared to point out the shortcomings of the past. Later, because of being involved in the political whirlpool of the struggle between Niu and Li, political opinions did not unfold, and finally they fell into a decadent and enjoyable life.
In the aspect of literature, Du Mu advocated the application of literature, emphasizing the content first, supplemented by the form, and advocating the unpretentious style of writing; Oppose moaning and one-sided pursuit of form. In the literary world of the late Tang Dynasty, he advocated "seeking high, not seeking novelty" and was unique in his heroic and handsome style. His seven laws and seven laws are very successful, and the seven laws are particularly concise and natural. Many famous articles are read by later generations. Because of his great achievements in poetry, later generations compared him with Du Fu, calling him "Xiao Du" or Li Shangyin, calling him "Du Li". Although Du Mu wrote some progressive poems, he also wrote many negative, decadent and tasteless works. These poems containing dross should be paid attention to and criticized.
[Notes]
① Guo: Outer city. Wine flag: wine curtain, a sign hung high outside the hotel.
② 480 Temple: The emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 temples mentioned here are approximate figures.
[translated poem]
The vast Jiangnan, singing and dancing,
Villages by the water, battlements by the mountain, all have wine flags fluttering in the wind.
The rulers of the Southern Dynasties believed in Buddhism and built 480 temples.
How many terraces are shrouded in this misty rain now?
[Appreciation]
This is a four-line poem describing the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. How charming and desirable Jiangnan is. "When the sun rises, the river is brighter than fire. When spring comes, the river is as green as blue." Bai Juyi has painted a series of gorgeous pictures for us, but that is only macroscopic, while Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" is relatively specific. It seems that we have been to several scenic spots, and we are more impressed. Du Mu not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty balcony scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing. "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and red, and the water town is full of fruit wine flags." First of all, the poet brought us into the colorful Jiangnan world. You see, there are songs and dances everywhere, green trees and red flowers everywhere; Dripping water village, battlements surrounded by mountains, especially the wine flags fluttering in the wind, are so charming! The interpretation of A Thousand Miles is to write about the whole south of the Yangtze River, but the whole is expressed through concrete images. "Four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties were covered with misty rain." There are also temples, which are an important part of the transition to the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and have a sense of vicissitudes. Many Buddhist buildings left over from the Southern Dynasties are looming in the spring breeze and spring rain, adding confusing beauty. What the poet said here is not "480 Temple in the South of the Yangtze River", but "480 Temple in Chaochao", which obviously has another meaning. The rulers of the Southern Dynasties lost their lives for Buddhism, wasted people's money and built a large number of temples. "Southern History Guo Ancestral Family" said: "When the emperor understands Buddhist scriptures, he will change his customs. Therefore, the ancestors said that they all went to more than 500 Buddhist temples, which were extremely magnificent, with more than 100 thousand monks and nuns. The assets are rich, and there are no words in the county. " On this basis, Mutu said that there are obviously fewer "480 temples". Today, the "480 Temple in the Southern Dynasties" has become a historical relic and an integral part of the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. There is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer. The four sentences in this poem are all scenic words, each with its own characteristics. There are sounds and colors, space expansion and time tracking. In just 28 words, the poet painted us a vivid and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in very popular language.
The Hope of Spring Tang Du Fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard that Tang Suzong had acceded to the throne in Lingwu, so he settled down in Qiang Village of Langzhou and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year.
The first four sentences of the poem are all written in defeat and full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers remain the same, the grass is littered with trees, and the word "broken" makes people stunned. Then a word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said, "There are mountains and rivers, but there is nothing left in Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly writes about scenery, but actually expresses his feelings, places his feelings on things, and entrusts his feelings to scenery. It creates an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying: "Duality is not refined, but it changes vertically and horizontally, becoming more and more stereotyped, heavy and implicit, and taking justice from nature. Tang Yin Guiqian Volume 9
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally recreational things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, and from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." Since the Anshi Rebellion, "fire is hard to learn, and letter is hard to believe." Until now, at the end of March, the war is still going on. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited anxiety of news isolation. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the decadent scene in front of me. I don't feel bored either. Scratching my head makes my hair thin and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the feeling is strong but not floating, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it rises and falls with the five laws, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.
Appreciation of Spring Tour in Qiantang River
Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Tang Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
[Reading Guide]
Qiantang Lake, also known as West Lake, is one of the famous scenic spots in China. When we mention the West Lake, we will naturally think of Su Shi's famous sentence "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West, light makeup is always appropriate." After reading this poem by Bai Juyi, I seem to really see the smiling face of Shi. The poem describes the charming spring scenery of the West Lake in early spring as seen by the poet riding a horse, shows the vitality of everything in the bath of spring scenery, shapes the poet's own image, creates an artistic conception of gratifying spring scenery and abundant business, and expresses his love for the early spring scenery and his quiet and comfortable mood.
[Introduction to the author]
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was named Xiangshan layman and drunk. His ancestral home was Taiyuan (now Shaanxi), and his great-grandfather Bai Wen moved to Xiaguan (now Weinan, Shaanxi), so he was a great realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's poems are rich in subject matter, profound in content, simple in expression, appropriate and fluent. There are nearly 3,000 existing white poems, the number of which should be the largest among poets in the Tang Dynasty. He once divided his poems into four categories: satire, leisure, sentimentality and heteronomy. What he is most proud of and valuable is his satirical poems. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", emphasized inheriting the fine tradition of realism in China's classical poetry, and opposed works without other sustenance. He is an advocate of the new Yuefu movement and plays an important role in the history of literature. The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Whispering" represent his highest artistic achievements.
[Background Introduction]
Bai Juyi was appointed as the history of Hangzhou in July of the second year of Changqing (AD 822), and became the history of Suzhou in March of Bao Liyuan (AD 825). Therefore, this "Qiantang Spring Tour" should be written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing.
[Text Notes]
Spring outing: a walk in spring.
Gushan Temple: On Gushan Mountain in Bai Causeway, West Lake.
Jia Ting: Jia Gongting, built by Jia Quan, the secretariat of Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, no longer exists today.
Chuping: From a distance, the water surface of the West Lake seems to be just flush with the shore and the scenery on the shore.
Cloud foot: In ancient Chinese, the drooping image was called "foot" and the lower part of the falling rain was called "foot of rain". This refers to the drooping clouds.
Warm tree: a tree facing the sun.
Miscellaneous flowers: refers to a large number of open spring flowers.
Shallow grass: grass in early spring, although abundant, is not very tall.
No (mò): Disappear.
Hudong: Taking Gushan as a reference, Baisha Dike (namely Bai Causeway) is in the northeast of Gushan.
Insufficient travel: insufficient travel, that is, repeated travel.
[hierarchy]
The first couplet focuses on the big picture and writes about the scenery seen by Gushan Temple. The first sentence is position, and the second sentence is vision. "Chuping" refers to spring water, which is slightly flat with the embankment. "Low cloud feet" means that the white clouds are low and connected with the lake, and the outline of early spring is outlined. The calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake.
The poems written by Zhuan Xu were seen by poets during their travels. Yingying is a singer in spring, and everyone is competing to fly to the sunny tree to sing; Yan, the messenger of spring, has begun to build nests with mud and is full of vitality. Using "jujube" to describe oriole reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. Using a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited appearance of the swallow seems to bring the swallow back to life. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring.
Writing flowers and plants in neck couplets focuses on the poet's feelings. The horse walked briskly on the shallow grass and looked at the flowers for a long time. His eyes were full of colorful flowers, which made people dizzying and puzzled. This pair of couplets and the first pair of couplets are the core of this poem, and they are also the crowning touch to describe the spring scenery in the white poem, especially the spring scenery in the West Lake. This is an emotional and energetic description of the scenery, which fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the object of description and his accurate grasp of its characteristics.
At the end of the poem, the scenery of Baishadi is written, which directly expresses the poet's joy. The "lack of lines" is due to the lack of sight, which shows that the poet lingers.
[Significance of Poetry Translation]
From the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake just overlaps with the dike and white clouds and is connected with the waves on the lake.
Several early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree, and the new swallows were nesting with spring mud in their mouths.
Countless colorful spring flowers gradually fascinated people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe.
I like the beautiful scenery in the east of the West Lake best. I haven't visited it enough, especially the white sand embankment under the green shade.
[Appreciation of Poetry]
From the northern foot of Gushan Mountain to the present autumn moon in Pinghu and Bai Causeway, the poet tells people the message of spring: the spring water on the lake is new, the spring warblers in the trees contend, the Chun Yan mud in the air, the spring flowers on the shore are blooming, and the spring grass is just green. The poet's keen and delicate brushwork makes people realize that the West Lake is wearing spring clothes in a stretch. The poet praised the spring scenery of the West Lake and pointed out that he loved walking on the white sand embankment. There is water on both sides of Bai Causeway, and willows and peach trees are planted on both sides of the embankment. Walking on the Bai Causeway in spring, the lake is at your feet, and you seem to be walking on the water; Willow branches in early spring, like smoke and fog, like silk, come to your face and make your heart swell with infinite tenderness and infinite love. You are like in a dream and a fairyland. When you walk on the Bai Causeway in spring, you can better appreciate the poet's feelings and moods when he wrote this poem.
The theme of the whole poem is mainly on the word "travel", closely following the word "spring outing" to describe the scenery. But the West Lake is too big and the journey is too long, so the poet only intercepts a paragraph to write-from the north of Gushan Temple to Baisha Land. After reading this poem, we naturally have the feeling of enjoying the early spring scenery of the West Lake with the poet.