Ming dynasty edition
Quiet night thinking (1)
Poetic picture of Li Bai's thoughts on quiet nights [1]
There is moonlight in front of the bed and frost on the ground.
Raise your head (4) to look at the moon and lower your head to miss your hometown. [2]
Song dynasty edition
Thoughts in the dead of night
Looking at the moonlight in front of the bed, I suspect there is frost on the ground.
Look up at the mountains and the moon, and look down at your hometown. [Note above ][3-5]
2 Annotate the translation
Sentence annotation
Quiet night thinking: thoughts that arise in a quiet night.
⑵ Bed: There are five theories today.
Scholars have studied a finger well platform. Shi Cheng, director of China Educators Association, published the research results in a paper and created a poetic map with friends.
Two-finger well site. According to archaeological findings, the earliest well in China was a wooden well. In the ancient well site, several meters high, the wellhead was enclosed in the shape of a box to prevent people from falling into the well. The box is shaped like four walls and an old bed. Therefore, the ancient mine field is also called silver bed, which shows that there is a relationship between well and bed, and the relationship occurs because of the similarity of shape and function. In the ancient Jingtian system, there was a word to refer to it, namely ".
"Bed" is a general term for "window". The word "bed" in this poem is the focus of debate and disagreement. We can do some basic reasoning. The writing background of this poem is a moonlit night, probably around the full moon. The author sees the moonlight and then the moon, which causes homesickness.
As the author looked up and saw the bright moon, it was impossible for the author to be indoors. If he looks up casually indoors, he can't see the moon. So we conclude that' bed' is an outdoor thing, and it is difficult to prove what it is. In a sense, the "bed" may be separated from the "window" and it is possible to see the moon in front of the window. However, refer to the Song version of' Looking Up at the Moon'.
Take the original meaning, that is, sitting and lying appliances. There is a saying in The Book of Songs, Xiaoya's Four Cadres, that is, carrying him to sleep, and there is also a saying in Yi Wang Pi's Notes on Du Fu, that is, bedding.
5. Ma Weidou and others think that bed should be interpreted as Hu bed, also known as Hu bed, chair bed and rope bed. Mazar-e was a portable folding chair in ancient times, similar to a small bench, but the surface on which people sat was not a wooden board, but something like foldable cloth, and the legs on both sides could be folded. Modern people often mention Hu bed or "rope bed" in ancient literature or poetry.
(3) Suspicion: It seems so.
(4) raise your head: raise your head.
Translation of works
literal translation
The bright moonlight sprinkled on enough paper, as if the ground had been frosted. I couldn't help looking up at the bright moon in the sky outside the window that day, and I couldn't help but bow my head and think of my hometown in the distance.
Rhyme translation
The bright moonlight filled the bed like a hazy frost.
Look up at the moon and bow your head to teach people to miss home twice.
3 version description
Ming version:
This is a widely circulated version at present. Although it may not be entirely the original work of Li Bai, and some words may be revised later, it has a high degree of circulation and has been included in various versions of Chinese textbooks.
Song version:
This version is obviously inconsistent with what people often say, "There is such a bright line at the foot of my bed". Actually, it's not a mistake, just a different version. It is generally believed that this version is closer to Li Bai's original work than the Ming version, but some scholars still believe that there may be an earlier version. Collected Works of Li Taibai published in the Song Dynasty, Yuefu Poems by Guo Maoqian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, and Thoughts on a Quiet Night by Hong Mai. The third sentence is also "looking at the mountains and the moon". The same is true of Xiao Duiji's classification and supplement in Yuan Dynasty and Tang Bieji in Ming Dynasty. Song people have always admired Tang poetry, and they have a large collection of editors. Coupled with the proximity to the Tang Dynasty, there are relatively few misinformation errors, so the collection of Silent Night Thoughts in the Song Dynasty and even the Yuan Dynasty should be reliable and accurate. In the authoritative edition of The Whole Tang Poetry, which was personally examined and approved by Michelle Ye, the Qing emperor, there was no influence from the previous editions, and no changes were made to this poem.
Before that, Thoughts on a Quiet Night had been introduced to Japan (Collected Works of Li Taibai (volume 12) is stored in the Jingjiatang Library of Japan). Because of the Japanese admiration for Tang poetry, it was not revised in later generations. However, the situation in China is different. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhao Huguang and Huang Xiyuan edited and deleted Ten Thousand Poems of the Tang Dynasty written by Hong Mai, a Song Dynasty man. However, the first sentence "Look at the moonlight before going to bed" has not changed. The first sentence of the Tang poems compiled by Shen Deqian during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty is "The foot of my bed is so bright", but the third sentence is "Looking at the mountains and the moon". Until 1763 (twenty-eight years of Qing Qianlong), there were 300 Tang poems compiled by Heng Tang. Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " But this is not the only version popular in Qing Dynasty. Just 58 years before the publication of Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty, 1705 (forty-four years of Kangxi), The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, Silent Night Thinking, ordered by Kangxi, was exactly the same as the Song version of Li Taibai's Collected Works. "Looking at the moonlight in front of the bed, will there already be frost? . Looking up at the mountains and the moon, and sinking again, I suddenly remembered home.
This expression was rewritten in order to popularize poetry after the Ming Dynasty. It is an indisputable fact that the revised version of Silent Night Thinking is more catchy than the original version, which also explains why the version of My Foot is so bright than the version of Watching Moonlight before Bed is more popular among Chinese people. Mr. Xue Tianwei, president of China Li Bai Research Association and professor of Xinjiang Normal University, wrote in "On Literature and History" that besides, "moonlight" is an intangible thing, and it is not good to look at it deliberately. If you look at it on purpose, you won't mistake it for "frost" When you say "bright moonlight", it seems that the moonlight inadvertently catches your eye, and the word "doubt" comes out in the next sentence, which makes you feel natural. What's more, the word "Ming" adds a touch of bright color to the moonlit night. In the third sentence, "looking at the bright moon" not only gets rid of the limitation of geographical environment, but also the word "mountain moon" is inevitably popular-in literati poetry, the moon is often divided into "mountain moon" and "sea moon", and "bright moon" is completely the moon in the eyes of ordinary people. There are at least 50 different versions, and it's hard to know which one is closer to the original. The familiar version of' Looking up, I found it was moonlight' was made in the Ming Dynasty. "When Mo Lifeng popularized Tang poetry in Lecture Room, he chose a well-known version." The so-called' tampering' is not a person's arbitrary behavior, but a long-term collective choice. The history of ancient poetry is also created by readers. What's more catchy is that millions of readers have chosen this version. "Today's Thoughts on a Quiet Night is not just a poem of Tang Dynasty, it actually condenses the aesthetic creation of several generations for more than 300 years, and future generations should hold a respectful attitude. In recent years, the controversy about versions stems from the common sense that there are many versions of Li Bai's poems. So some scholars say that China people.
4 creative background
Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night was written in 726 AD (14th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) around September 15th of the lunar calendar. Li Bai was 26 years old at that time, and his writing place was Yangzhou Guest House. His poem "Thinking on a Quiet Night" should be a sequel to "Thinking on a Quiet Night" and was written in the same place. On a night with few stars, Li Bai looked up at the bright moon and was homesick.
5 appreciation of works
Li Bai, thinking at night
This poem is about the feeling of missing my hometown on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of the poem are an illusion created by the poet in a specific foreign environment for a moment. A person living alone in a foreign country is busy during the day, but it can dilute his sadness. However, in the dead of night, he will inevitably feel homesick, let alone a moonlit night, let alone a frosty autumn night. "Could there have been frost?" The word "doubt" in the poem vividly expresses the poet's awakening from sleep. In a trance, the cold moonlight in front of the bed is mistaken for the thick frost on the ground. It is better to use the word "frost", which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold of the season, and also sets off the loneliness and desolation of the poet wandering abroad.
The last two sentences of the poem deepen the homesickness through the description of action and expression. The word "Wang" takes care of the word "doubt" in the previous sentence, indicating that the poet has changed from a daze to a sober one. He stared at the moon and couldn't help thinking of it. At the moment, his hometown is also under the bright moon, and naturally he comes to the conclusion that "I sank back and suddenly thought of home". The action of "bowing one's head" depicts that the poet is completely lost in thought, and the word "thinking" leaves readers with rich imagination space: brothers, relatives and friends in his hometown, mountains and rivers in his hometown, trees and grass, lost years and past events ... everything is in his mind. A "thinking"
Amin scholar Hu Yinglin said: "Taibai quatrains are all lip service, so-called people who have no intention to work but do nothing." Wang Shimao believes that "(quatrains) only Violet (Li Bai) and Long Biao (Wang Changling) were extremely ambitious in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li is more natural, his former residence. " This song "Silent Night Thinking" is a model room, so Hu specially proposed it as "the wonder of ancient and modern times".
This little poem has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and gorgeous rhetoric; It only describes the homesickness of distant guests in a narrative tone, but it is meaningful and intriguing, and has attracted readers so widely for thousands of years.
Strangers in a foreign country will probably feel this way: just one day, in the dead of night, homesickness will inevitably ripple in my heart; What's more, it's a moonlit night, what's more, it's an autumn night with a bright moon like frost!
The white frost on the moon is clear, which is the night scene of clear autumn; Describing moonlight with frost color is also common in classical poetry. For example, in the poem "Cool in Xuanpu" by Emperor Liang Jianwen and Xiao Gang, there is a sentence "jathyapple is like autumn frost"; Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote an ethereal and clear moonlight with "frost flowing in the air" in "Moonlight on a Spring River", which gave people a three-dimensional sense, especially a wonderful conception. But all these things appear in the poem as a rhetorical device. "Is there frost already?" This poem is a narrative, not a figurative word, but an illusion created by the poet in a specific environment for a moment. It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the situation that the guest can't sleep in the middle of the night and had a short dream. At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight hit the bed through the window, bringing a cold autumn chill. At first glance, the poet was in a blur and trance, and it really seemed that the ground was covered with frost. But a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that it was not frost marks, but moonlight. Moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up, and a Juan Juan Su Ling hung in front of the window. The space in autumn night is so clear! At this time, he was fully awake.
The moon in autumn is especially bright, but it is very cold. For a lonely traveler, it is the easiest to touch the yearning for autumn, which makes people feel depressed and the years fly by. Staring at the moon is also the easiest way to daydream. Think about everything in your hometown and your relatives at home. Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation.
From "doubt" to "looking up" and from "looking up" to "bowing down", the poet's inner activities are fully exposed, and a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night is vividly outlined.
This short four-sentence poem is fresh and simple. Its content is simple, but it is also rich. This is easy to understand, but it is endless. The poet didn't say much more than he had already said. Its conception is meticulous and profound, but it blurts out without trace. From here, it is not difficult for readers to understand the "nature" of Li Bai's quatrains.
6 Author introduction
Main item: Li Bai
Li Bai statue
Li Bai's ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Longcheng, Qin 'an County, Gansu Province), and he was born in Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, Sichuan Province on the 16th day of the first month of 70/kloc-0. Another way of saying it is that his father was born in Broken Leaf City (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan) in Central Asia and moved back to Changlong County, Mianzhou, Sichuan (now jiangyou city, Sichuan) at the age of 4. China was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems mainly describe landscapes and express inner feelings. He and Du Fu are also called "Du Li". Li Bai was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but he spent most of his life roaming in most parts of China. At the age of twenty, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, from Dongting Xiangjiang River in the south to wuyue in the east, and lived in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province) and Yingshan (now). Visiting celebrities, introduced by people, rose to the top in one fell swoop and realized their political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, he got nothing. Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An), east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a lot of excellent poems. Li Bai doesn't want to take the exam or be an official. But no one has ever appreciated it. He once wrote a book with Han Jingzhou, a famous contemporary figure, but he didn't get an answer. Until the first year of Tianbao (742), Li Bai was called to worship the Hanlin in Chang 'an because of the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun, and his articles became famous all over the world. Li Baichu was appreciated by Xuanzong because of his talent, but he could not get to know dignitaries, so he only stayed in Beijing for three years. He continued his wandering life. In the second year of An Shi Rebellion (756), he felt angry and difficult, and once joined Li Lin, the shogunate of Wang Yong. Unfortunately, Wang Yong and Su Zong competed for the throne. After the defeat, Li Bai was dragged down and exiled to Yelang (now Guizhou), but he was pardoned on the way. Wandering southeast in his later years, he was ordered by dangtu county to be Li. I often go to Daitianshan Mountain to talk to Taoist priests in Taoist temples. Later, he lived in seclusion with a hermit named Dong Yanzi in Minshan, devoted himself to studying, and stayed out of the city for many years. They keep many exotic birds and work as animal keepers in the mountains where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, accustomed to being kept, fly to feed regularly, as if they can understand human language and fly from one place to another with a call. I'm not scared at all. This incident was spread as an anecdote, from far to near, and finally Mianzhou secretariat personally went to the mountain to see the feeding situation of birds. Seeing that they can direct the bird's actions, the secretariat decided that they had Daoism, so they wanted to recommend them to take the Daoist exam. However, both of them politely refused. Zhao Kun, a famous strategist at that time, was also a good friend of Li Bai. This man wrote ten volumes of long and short classics in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 7 16). Li Bai was only sixteen at that time. Zhao Kun's strategic works, which studied the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzed the world situation and emphasized the way of rise and fall, aroused Li Bai's great interest. He is bent on making contributions in the future and likes to talk about Wang Ba's way, which is also influenced by this book.