Originally called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300", Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty began to call "The Book of Songs". The existing Book of Songs was handed down by Mao Heng in the Han Dynasty, so it is also called Mao Shi.
It is said that all the poems in The Book of Songs are lyrics that can be sung at that time. According to the nature of music, it can be divided into three categories: wind, elegance and ode.
"Wind" includes 15 national winds of,, Yi, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Gui, Cao, Yi, etc. Most of them are folk songs in the Yellow River valley, and a few are works processed by nobles. "Elegance" includes Xiaoya and Daya, *** 105 articles.
Ya is basically a noble work, and only a part of Xiaoya comes from the folk. Ode includes Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode, with a total of 40 articles.
Ode is a lyric used in court sacrifice. Generally speaking, folk songs are lively and lively, and the poems of court nobles are dwarfed by them, and there is not much poetry.
The Book of Songs is the source of China's poetry and the glorious starting point of China's poetry history. It has many forms: epic, satirical poem, narrative poem, love song, war song, carol, holiday song and labor ballad.
Rich in content, it reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty, such as labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It can be said that The Book of Songs is a mirror of Zhou society.
The language of The Book of Songs is the most important material to study the general situation of Chinese from the 6th century BC to the 6th century BC. Original: Guan Guan ③ pheasant dove, in Hezhou ④.
My Fair Lady is a gentleman. Interlaced shepherd's purse ⑥, flowing from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her. I am happy to have it, and I am tired of it.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again. Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
My Fair Lady is a friend of the harp and the harp. Uneven leeks, left and right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her. [Notes] ① Guanluo: the title of the article.
It is taken from the first sentence of the psalm. This is how the title of The Book of Songs came into being.
② Nan Zhou: In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Gongdan (BC 1063- BC 1057) lived in Luoyi (now Luoyang City, Henan Province) and ruled the eastern vassal states. Nan Zhou is a southern poem under the rule of the Duke of Zhou.
Guanju is a love song about a noble man who fell in love with a girl who picked leeks, adored her, pursued her and wanted to marry her. 3 customs: onomatopoeia words, the crow of birds.
(4) the mainland in the river: (male and female pheasant doves) live on the land in the river. Describe their harmony.
⑤ Good: It is equal to saying "a good couple". Qiu: Spouse.
6 broken shepherd's purse: broken shepherd's purse. Uneven, different in length and size.
Shepherd's purse, an aquatic plant, has round leaves and thin stems, roots in the bottom of the water, leaves float on the water, and is edible. All landowners all landowners: awake.
May: I fell asleep. 8 thinking clothes: missing.
W: Yes. Pet-name ruby friend: Play the harp to express your love for her.
Attending: Touch, here is the meaning of choice. The pheasant pigeon was shut up on an island in the river and sang.
A kind and beautiful girl, an ideal object for young men. Long and short fresh shepherd's purse is harvested on both sides of the river.
A kind and beautiful girl who wants to pursue day and night. If the pursuit fails, my heart hangs day and night.
It's a long night, trouble sleeping. Long and short fresh shepherd's purse, picked with both hands.
Kind and beautiful girl, playing the piano and harp to show her love. Long and short fresh shepherd's purse, carefully selected on both sides
A kind and beautiful girl, the bell brought her a smile. The chirping of pigeons aroused the infatuation of the young man and made him intoxicated by the infatuation of the girl alone.
Various complex emotions arise spontaneously, longing and disappointment are intertwined, and happiness and pain coexist. The mentality of a pure teenager in love is revealed here.
Pairs of pigeons are like loving couples. Looking at the harmonious scenery of their island in the river, the young man's eyes were attracted by the girls Here, the poet used the words "Liu" and "Cai" to describe the process of the young man's inner change.
Many sentences in the poem contain profound and beautiful meanings, among which My Fair Lady, which praises both her beauty and her beauty, can be said to echo and complement each other. Another example is the phrase "tossing and turning", which vividly expresses the love of the lover. Later, Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and George's "Moon Qu Yuan" all came from here.
And the last sentence "the joy of bells and drums" is the original words of "a thousand dollars can't buy a beautiful woman to laugh". Through the pen of this unknown author, we are completely moved by this simple love story and beautiful picturesque scene.
The expression of this poem belongs to "Xing", one of the three major bills of "Fu, Bi and Xing" in the Book of Songs, that is, starting from things that seem to have nothing to do with the theme, it leads to the heart and expresses the mind. This poem is rich in vocabulary, such as the use of verbs such as "Liu", "Qiu", "Cai" and "You", as well as adjectives such as "graceful" and "uneven", which shows the poet's literary skill.
The whole poem is catchy and the rhythm is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. Among them, there are two tones, overlapping rhyme and rich rhyme with the foot of the word "zhi" In addition, the rhyme of the first sentence which has the greatest influence on the later Seven Rhymes and Four-line Poems is the first work of China's ancient rhymes.
2. Appreciation of Guan Yu's Ci "Guan Yu" is a poem with simple meaning.
Perhaps it is best in music, as Confucius' comment "The Analects of Confucius Taber" said: "The loyalty of the teacher begins, the chaos of the official gathering, and the joy of echo." Chaos is an ensemble at the end of music.
It is the second best in meaning. Guan Ju didn't really write, but wrote in vain.
Dai Junen said: "This poem only has' My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Good at My Fair Lady', but I turned over what I didn't get and wrote a scene of complaining; Digging out a passage that has been obtained and writing a happy scene is nothing more than describing the word' a gentleman is good at it'. If you recognize the reality, it is a dream in a dream. "
Niu Yunzhen said: "Tossing and turning, playing pipa and playing bells and drums are all imaginary in the air, expressing feelings in the air, and poets think that the facts are lost." Are very insightful.
Poetry describes the love between men and women in a virtual way, that is, the so-called "ideological realm", such as Han Guang, such as the moon rising, such as Zepi, and so on, and Guan Ju is the quietest and gentlest, with a beginning and an end, especially the happy ending. As a music song, send it as ". However, whether as music or as songs, it is uneven and not monotonous.
He said to Sun Yi, "I'm glad to have it, but I'm sleepy and still thinking about it. Leisurely, tossing and turning', these four sentences are the waves in the poem. Without these four sentences, the whole poem is not only flat, but also cadence, with short, sharp and tight syllables. How can it be influenced by orchestral strings?
Suddenly, these four sentences are inserted between the four stacks before and after My Fair Lady, and I feel that the whole article is full of leisurely movements. "Deng Xiang said:" If you get this discount, the literary situation will be uneven, and the following Friends and Happiness will be even more interesting.
Leisurely leisurely', two sentences are one sentence,' tossing and turning', and four sentences are one sentence. The literary spirit is here, and the music tunes are here to have a rest. The next chapter is to pick up the front cavity. "
Although "pause" and "front cavity" are people's intentions to guess the ancients in the future, such speculation is not unreasonable. Accordingly, Guan Yu naturally did not belong to oral singing, but was "made" through some thoughtful arrangements.
In fact, it can also be said that "three hundred poems" is better than. "Guan Guan pheasant dove, in Hezhou", Mao Chuan: "Master Xing."
But how to prosper is a big problem. If all the expositions on "Xing" in the past dynasties are edited, I'm afraid it will be a masterpiece. How dare you talk about it easily?
However, after reading the poem, there is no way to avoid the problem of happiness, so we have to perfunctory a few ordinary words. The so-called "xing" can be said to cause a topic, or it is caused by the scene.
The combination of this scene and emotion is mostly the poet's current sentiment, which can be immediate or wishful thinking; The former is a real scene and the latter is a psychological image. But it only causes the topic, and once it enters the topic, it can be put aside, so there is no direct metaphor in "Xing", if there is one, it is "Bi".
As for the relationship between scenery and emotion or between things and heart, that is, the scenery is so emotional that it is enlightened. Although this day is direct to the poet, it is subtle if others look at it. In fact, in the poet himself, it is not fleeting and difficult to capture. Times have changed, and it is more difficult for future generations to find a definitive answer. What's more, the creation of "poetry" has a history, and the creation comes first. Many of them first became aphorisms, including sentences with form and meaning, and the author took over at once, combining his own feelings at the moment. The same interest can still have different meanings.
But we might as well look at it from what we can perceive. Luo Dajing said: "Du Shaoling's quatrains say:' The mountains and rivers are beautiful in the evening, and the flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach. Or this is not the same as the child's animal sign, I say otherwise.
In the first two sentences, there is no business between the two rooms, and in the last two sentences, nothing is uncomfortable. It is not enough to swim here and feel the inner joy. "
Why don't we look at the prosperity of poetry with this heart? There is no business between the two rooms, and nothing is suitable. This is the simplest and most direct feeling that nature gives people. Therefore, we can take this as a standard to look at people's things: or everything is like this, so people are happy, such as "Peach every day, burning its flowers" ("Nan Zhou Yao Tao"), such as "Yo Yo Luming Literature, the apple in the field" ("Xiaoya Luming Literature"). Or everything is like this, and people are not like this, so they are sad and resentful, such as "the male pheasant flies in the air, venting its feathers" ("the wind is fierce"), such as "learning from the grain wind, taking the rain as the shade" ("the wind is the grain wind"), such as "the spring water in the mountains"
It is probably not the original intention to advocate pure natural scenery in the poem. In a word, Xing is special because it is so direct to poets, but it is often obscure to others. However, if we understand that the poet regards the sudden change of the four seasons of heaven and earth and the ups and downs of all natural things as the witness and contrast of life, then the meaning of xing is very clear.
Although simple, I have a deep understanding of life.
3. Appreciation of The Book of Songs Guan Ju The poem Guo Feng Nan Zhou Guan Ju occupies a special position in the history of China literature. It is the first article in the Book of Songs. Watching drama not only admits that the love between men and women is a natural and normal feeling, but also requires that this feeling be restrained to make it conform to the virtues of society.
Later generations often take their own needs and extend them, while those who resist the inhuman oppression of feudal ethics often claim the right to satisfy their personal feelings under the banner of official residence. The so-called "poetry is unattainable" can be seen in Guanju.
In fact, the content of Guan Yu is very simple. It's about a gentleman's pursuit of a lady. If he doesn't get a lady, he will be upset and can't sleep over and over. I was very happy when I got a "lady". I invited people to play music to celebrate and make the "lady" happy.
The word "autumn" is the center of the whole poem, which shows the process of men pursuing women, that is, from deep yearning to realizing their desire to get married. The third chapter expresses my anxiety that I can't get it. This is the key to an article, which can best reflect the spirit of the whole poem.
The identity of the characters in the works is very clear: "gentleman" is a general term for nobles in the era of the Book of Songs, and this "gentleman" occupies a considerable position in preparing the music of harps, bells and drums. I used to interpret this poem as a "folk love song", but I'm afraid it's wrong. It should describe the life of the aristocratic class.
Original text:
Guan Ju
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
Translation:
Guan Guan and Ming's pheasant doves are accompanied by small and medium-sized rivers. That beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. Uneven shepherd's purse, from left to right. That beautiful and virtuous woman wants to pursue her after waking up. I can't get it when I pursue it, and I always miss her day and night.
I miss you so much that I can't sleep. Pick the shepherd's purse from left to right. The beautiful and virtuous woman approached her by playing the harp. Rugged shepherd's purse, pulled from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings bells and drums to please her.
Extended data:
This poem mainly shows good luck, and Mao legend says, "Master Xing." What is "Xing"? Kong's explanation is the most pertinent. He said in "Justice in Mao Poetry": "Anyone who is' Xing' will rise. Draw inferences from others, lead the whole class and open your heart. All the plants, animals and birds cited in Poetry are' Xing'. "
The so-called "xing" is to arouse what is sung from other scenery as a sustenance. This is a euphemistic and implicit expression. Such a poem is based on the dove's "loyalty and difference", and a lady should be worthy of a gentleman; Miss with poor leek flow is hard to find;
And leek are also "pick" and "win", and miss and miss are also "friends" and "happy". The advantage of this technique is that it has far-reaching influence and can produce more than enough effect.
Baidu encyclopedia-official gongs
4. Regarding Guan Luo's question, you need to understand the sentences, write them in five sentences, or appreciate every sentence. Xie 1, the poem that dominates the whole article is: My fair lady, a gentleman is good.
A kind and beautiful girl is an ideal object for young people.
2. The sentence that best expresses the poet's love for his lover: I am glad to have it, but I am eager to get it. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
I am worried day and night that the pursuit has not been fulfilled. The night is endless, and it is difficult to sleep over and over.
3. The sentence that comes to mind is: The pigeons that are shut off are in Hezhou. Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
The pheasant pigeon was shut up on an island in the river and sang. Long and short fresh shepherd's purse is harvested on both sides of the river.
4. The expression of this poem is to chant things and express one's will: start with things that seem irrelevant to the theme, draw out one's heart and express one's feelings. This poem is rich in vocabulary, such as the use of verbs such as "Liu", "Qiu", "Cai" and "You", as well as adjectives such as "graceful" and "uneven", which shows the poet's literary skill.
5. Words that describe the inner change process of young people: "flow" and "mining".
Extended data:
Guanju is a folk song of China in the pre-Qin period, which originated from The Book of Songs, National Style and Nan Zhou. It is the first article in the Book of Songs and the first article in the style of the Records of the Fifteen Kingdoms. Many sentences in the poem contain profound and beautiful meanings, among which My Fair Lady, which praises both her beauty and her beauty, can be said to echo and complement each other.
Another example is the phrase "tossing and turning", which vividly expresses the love of the lover. Later, Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and George's "Moon Qu Yuan" all came from here. The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in the history of China literature. It had a far-reaching impact on the development of poetry in later generations and became the source of the realistic tradition of China's classical literature.
Sogou encyclopedia-official gong
5. Seeking Appreciation of Guan Ju This poem describes the whole process of meeting, pursuing, falling in love and getting married between a lyric hero and a girl.
If you read the whole poem carefully, if it ends with a happy ending in a fairy tale-the prince and princess live happily ever after, then the poem is gone! Love goes deep without regrets, and the desire for love can lead to the sublimation of love. The man he loved deeply did not fall ill from vomiting blood, nor did he despair to commit suicide. Instead, he found a way out for his feelings, built a beautiful castle in the air, and dreamed that everything would be fine.
Suddenly he was satisfied, and he and his lover were happily and harmoniously combined! So a fictional hot wedding scene unfolded happily, and we couldn't help but revel in it and bless it.
6. How to write the poem "Appreciation of Guan Ju"? Appreciation has been popular in recent years, but I think this kind of article is not easy to write.
Especially when talking about the works in Three Hundred Poems, we must first pass the exegesis, and then make clear the theme of the poem. Because wind, elegance and praise are far away, their appreciation is often in the exegesis of words.
In the old days, 300 poems were regarded as classics, and the ancients said that each poem was attached; If you don't know the meaning of a poem, it is like a cloud in the sky and a haze in the daytime. You must see through the clouds to understand poetry. Here, I take Guan Ju as an example to illustrate, but it is inevitable that people will be cynical in a cliche way.
Today, probably no one believes in the so-called "Guan Ju" and "the virtue of empresses" in Preface to Mao Shi. It is said that Guan Ju is a processed folk love song, so I'm afraid it won't go too far.
Qi, Lu and Han (including Sima Qian and Liu Xiang) all think it is irony. What is the explanation? In addition, the ancients emphasized the theory of "four beginnings" (that is, Guanju was the beginning of "wind", elegance, elegance and fu), and thought Guanju was the beginning.
These all need our explanation. I think there are two problems in their interpretation of poetry, whether it is the three poems of Qi, Lu and Han in the current literary school or Mao's poems in the ancient prose school: first, they don't understand that most of the "national customs" are folk songs, and they blame every poem on the emperors, queens or princes and wives of various countries; The second is to confuse the original intention of writing poetry with the later extended meaning.
Three poets saw in Guanju that "I can't wait, but I am sleepy and think about it;" If you are leisurely and carefree, you will blame Zhou Kangwang, saying that poetry satirizes him for "losing his virtue", just as Sima Qian said in the preface to the Chronicle of Twelve Governors: "Lack of Zhou Dao is a poet's seat and Guan Yu is a work." Later, in order to oppose the three poems, Shi Mao violated the modern literary method and talked about the virtue of empresses, with the aim of saying that this was not a poem, but a poem of praise.
If we realize that there are indeed many folk songs in the fifteen-nation system and eliminate the ways and means of taking them out of context, the fog artificially added by the three poets and Shi Mao will be swept away, and the true colors of poetry will naturally be revealed. As for "Guanju" as the beginning of "national style", I think it is human nature.
The ancients originally said that "300 poems" were preserved because they were singing music and had nothing to do with poetry, so some satirical poems or bold and provocative love poems were not deleted and eliminated by the ruling class. I think, judging from the content of 300 poems, it is always necessary to collect poems from all over the country before giving them music. The music you set must not be completely irrelevant to the content of the poem, but you can use irrelevant music scores at will.
The reason why Guan Ju is the beginning of the "wind" is probably related to the content. Because there are some words in the poem, such as "Friends of the Harp" and "Music of the Bells and Drums", which are very suitable for singing at the wedding, I matched it with a melancholy melody at the beginning and a jubilant melody at the end as a sonata at the wedding.
Because of love, it is human nature to cover "thinking about clothes while sleeping" and "thinking about it instead", so it is sad without hurting ("sadness" means beautiful and moving); Marriage between husband and wife is an excellent thing, and the collocation of a gentleman and a lady does not violate feudal ethics, so although it is fun, it is not immoral. In this way, it is naturally listed as the first of the "national style".
Until today, when we meet a festive festival, we still have to sing some cheerful and lively songs and play some inspirational songs to get what we want. This is not superstition, but an atmosphere suitable for festivals.
If you play funeral music and sing mourning poems when holding a happy event, whether it is auspicious or not, the superstitious view will at least have the opposite effect of disappointing and ruining the scene, which is always annoying. The "Three Hundred Articles" movement was formulated by the ruling class. Of course, good luck is needed. At the beginning of the article, the works reflecting the festive atmosphere are listed.
This is not only in line with the interests of one's own class, that is, it is justified from the perspective of human nature. Since ancient times, Guan Ju has been divided into two chapters.
One is that every four sentences are a chapter, and the whole poem has five chapters. The other is divided into three chapters, with four sentences in the first chapter and eight sentences in the second and third chapters.
Literally, I prefer the second method. The first chapter is a general introduction with an objective attitude; The second and third chapters begin with the hero. First of all, he said that he missed the lady and couldn't even sleep. Then, after he proposes to a lady, he will do everything possible to make her feel happy and comfortable.
If the second chapter is close to reality, then the third chapter is romantic, and the lyric hero is intoxicated with the bright future of love success. When it comes to the expression of this poem, there have always been two opinions.
That is to say, among several expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing, some people think that the description of "Guan Guan Gui Yu" and "shepherd's purse flowing unevenly from left to right" is Bi Xing, while "birds in the river and shepherd's purse" arouses a gentleman's desire for a lady and is the theme of the poem. Another view is that this poem is "Fu" from beginning to end.
There are two explanations for saying that its technique is "Fu". First, the ancients often said that picking shepherd's purse was originally the "work" that aristocratic women (including empresses and concubines) should do, so it was "fu"; Second, modern people say this is a realistic love song. The young man took a fancy to the working girl who picked leeks by the river and confessed. Whether it's the singing of "pheasant dove" or the picking of leeks, it's what a gentleman sees and hears, and of course it belongs to the "straight" "Fu".
These statements are reasonable, and readers may wish to refer to each other. However, if I were to tell this poem, I would rather say "Bi Xing".
The so-called figurative technique, especially "Xing", is not that the poet finds something out of thin air and stuffs it into his poems, but that he uses the actual scenery he sees and hears at present as the medium to express his thoughts and feelings and create associations by the way. We can admit that "Guan Guan's dove is in the river continent" is a real scene before the poet, but this pair of waterfowl snuggling and echoing each other on the river continent will naturally arouse the strong desire of unmarried young men to find a young lady as a spouse.
The poet only took a fancy to Guan Guan Ji Ge when choosing poetry materials.
7. Appreciation of Guan Yu, an ancient poem by China in the third grade: 200 words appreciation: The sound of pheasant pigeons aroused the young man's infatuation and made him intoxicated with the girl's infatuation.
Various complex emotions arise spontaneously, longing and disappointment are intertwined, and happiness and pain coexist. The mentality of a pure teenager in love is revealed here.
Pairs of pigeons are like loving couples. Looking at the harmonious scenery of their island in the river, the young man's eyes were attracted by the girls Here, the poet used the words "Liu" and "Cai" to describe the process of the young man's inner change.
Many sentences in the poem contain profound and beautiful meanings, among which "My Fair Lady" has been praised for its "beauty" of E799Ba6E997AEE7ad94E59E9E9E9E9438+03332643235, and her "beauty" can be said to be both before and after. Another example is the phrase "tossing and turning", which vividly expresses the love of the lover. Later, Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and George's "Moon Qu Yuan" all came from here.
And the last sentence "the joy of bells and drums" is the original words of "a thousand dollars can't buy a beautiful woman to laugh". Through the pen of this unknown author, we are completely moved by this simple love story and beautiful picturesque scene.
The expression of this poem belongs to "Xing", one of the three major bills of "Fu, Bi and Xing" in the Book of Songs, that is, starting from things that seem to have nothing to do with the theme, it leads to the heart and expresses the mind. This poem is rich in vocabulary, such as the use of verbs such as "Liu", "Qiu", "Cai" and "You", as well as adjectives such as "graceful" and "uneven", which shows the poet's literary skill.
The whole poem is catchy and the rhythm is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. Among them, there are two tones, overlapping rhyme and rich rhyme with the foot of the word "zhi" In addition, the rhyme of the first sentence which has the greatest influence on the later Seven Rhymes and Four-line Poems is the first work of China's ancient rhymes.
8. The shortest appreciation of Guan Yu, please thank Guan Yu > is the first article in The Book of Songs.
It is an ancient folk love song that originated more than two thousand years ago. The poem describes in detail a man's unrequited love, his admiration, admiration and longing, which is the deepest hope for love in everyone's heart for hundreds of years. Someone said: "This poem describes the whole process of the lyric hero meeting, pursuing, falling in love and getting married with a girl.
If you read the whole poem carefully, if its ending is like the happy ending in fairy tales-the prince and princess live happily ever after, then the poem is gone! Love goes deep without regrets, and the desire for love can lead to the sublimation of love. The man who fell in love with himself was not so sad that he vomited blood and fell ill, nor so desperate as to commit suicide. Instead, he found a way out for his feelings, built a beautiful castle in the air, and dreamed that everything would be fine.
Suddenly he was satisfied, and he and his lover were in perfect harmony! So a fictional and lively wedding scene unfolded happily, and we couldn't help but revel in it and bless it. Confucius made a pertinent comment in the Analects of Confucius' Eight-part essay: "Joy without lewdness, sorrow without injury.
Looking back at the whole poem, it is full of romantic feelings of men. It writes about longing, pursuit and yearning, which is profound and implicit without losing rationality and peace. It is passionate and not trapped in painful groans that are difficult to answer. This is really a destructive behavior that we modern people put to death every time we talk about feelings, and we should reflect on it.