-Three critical papers by Tao Yuanming: /onlineread/onlineread.asp? ID=7808603 -
-Another paper: See the last article/Social Science/946637-%E6% 8c% BD% E6% AD% 8c% E8% AF% 97-%E9% AD% 8f% E6% 99% 8b% E6% 96% 87%.
It has a long history to explore death and express the sadness brought by death in the form of poetry. China's ancient elegy is one of them. Elegy originated from the deacon's eulogy and was originally part of the funeral ceremony. However, since the end of the Han Dynasty, the lyric function of elegy has been strengthened and it has become popular in occasions other than funerals. Since then, scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties not only sang elegies, but also invented new words themselves.
Three elegies
Tao Yuanming
First of all:
Where there is life, there is death, and sooner or later there is no fate.
Last night, I was the same person, but today I am in the ghost book.
What is Lingsan? Dry and empty wood.
A charming child cried from his father, and a good friend caressed me and cried.
If you don't know the gains and losses, you can feel right and wrong!
Long live the century, who knows the honor or disgrace.
But I hate drinking enough when I'm alive.
Secondly:
There was no wine before, but now it's empty.
Spring mash gives birth to floating ants. When can we taste it better?
Before the food box was full of me, I stood by crying.
If you want to speak silently, you want to see things without light.
I used to sleep in Gaotang County, but now I live in Huangcao Township.
Once out, it's still early to go back to night.
Third:
Weeds are boundless and poplars are rustling.
In mid-September, severe frost sent me out of the outer suburbs.
No one lives on all sides, and the high graves wither.
The horse cries to the sky, and the wind is depressed.
It's not a thousand years since the secluded room was closed.
The Millennium has passed, and the sages are helpless!
Always send people to each other and go home.
Relatives or sorrows, others have also sung.
What's the way to die? I'm on the same mountain.
dirge
Luji
one
Before, it was very sad. Where is the soul going? Miss my life. Humanism is not just criminal detention.
two
Invaders of Wuchang Railway. Painting Hui ink in the evening air. Easy-going, lack of good employment. Branch {Maguan} or poison.
Wang Chengzhi's Elegy of Things
Lu you
Poetic coquettish perfume drinker, graceful and restrained Qujiang Gong. Go to the south building overnight to save the air in the east. The capsule is sealed on the right, and the ink goes out of the palace. Gifts are expensive, and your kindness is very strong.
dirge
Zhao Bao
Being alone is very important. Recall the past and get on the platform. Proud all my life. Don't get cut by something. The door will only close again. Termites are coming. Orchids that are fragrant at birth. Now bugs are a disaster. There are no complicated roots in the mysterious temple. The withered building is covered with moss. Recalling the past, I like drinking. Vegetarian vegetables make green plums. Han Peng and Lian Lin. The past is ashes. All strong people will die. The rest of us are comfortable.
Three elegies
Fu Xuan
one
Life is full of energy. There are thousands of kinds of sadness. Unfortunately, polio. Lost face is plain. Who are these clothes for? Fasten the belt and close the coffin. Tears run out. You can't say what you want. Survival from far to near. How long is the night? Shoutang is idle. Will the ancestors come back?
two
Life is full of energy. The sorrow of thousands of babies. Lu Liu Jia Ling. There are signs of wind. The wheels don't turn. A hundred people wailed.
three
The soul is in the dust The clothes of the soul are being moved. Between the tombs of Mount Mangqiu. Pines and cypresses are uneven. When the funerary wares are useless. You can't drive. Sitting in the Jade Palace all my life. Didn't go back to Du You Palace. There is no leakage on the ground. Know summer and winter.
Elegy of the prince
Luji
Lonely souls have knowledge. Good contacts are hard to find. Worried about Xuan mang. Ghost area was treated by injecting blood.
Shu Ren's Elegy
Luji
one
Tao Gou doesn't know how to bark. Why does Waji crow? Sleep under a heavy mound. Listen and analyze the sound of the building.
two
Paint the car Pay for the spirit.
Shu Ren's Elegy
Luji
Life and death are different. Zhao Fei looks like it's under attack. There is a difference between a noble ceremony and a humble ceremony. Foreign Minister Sheng has assembled. What is a soul dress? What are your habits? Parents' coffin number. Brother, help the banquet cry. The spirit is moving (the car is moving). The faucet corrects Cui Wei. Elegy is sung with wheels. How pathetic it is to make a noise. Tolerance in the clouds. The wind can't go back The fish in deep water lost their light beam. The bird is flying down. When I miss him all my life. Yan Bin is very interested in this. There are adjacent tracks in the guest order. I have no honor.
Wang Chengzhi's Elegy of Things
Lu you
Back to Huangniuxia, once Egret Island. Take part in martial arts slowly. It's romantic to talk and laugh. Advance into Penglai in the evening and walk on the water. See half drunk with a wave of his hand, will only increase the trouble.
Three elegies
Luji
one
Choose to take the virginity test, your life is salty here. Driving away the police and defending the royal family have a heavy heart. Dragon {towel shortage} weeping willows, pioneers lightly correct flags. The funeral palace is noisy and the funeral is boiling. There is no noise in the middle. Listen to my poem "Dew". Life and death are different, and ancestors sometimes. Give me two titles. Start the funeral and enter the coffin. You can't lift it without drinking it. The curtain is wide and the shadow stays, and Dong Yu and his son don't. Qin Zhou is salty, and I am busy with my friends.
Friends come from afar. The wings fly lightly to the porch, and the side is fluttering. According to the length and thickness, send it to the long night platform. Tell the child not to smell, but cry the child not to know. Sigh heavily and miss my past. Sanqiu is still content, he can think of everything. Being a martyr is easy to die, but it is impossible to save a child. Choke to speak, shed tears.
two
Heavy hill, Xuan Lu channeling in the meantime. Majestically standing at the four poles, the dome is the sky. Listening to the surge of sewers, lying and watching the patio hanging. [Little Light] How vast it is, it is safe in the morning and at dusk. People will go back to the old times, and we will never go back to the old times. I used to live in four houses, but now I trust my neighbors. Once a seven-foot body, it is now dusty. In the past, people were admired, but today they are not a dime strong. Muscular ants, Yan's bones will disappear forever. Shoutang is enchanting and nothingness speaks for itself. What do ants complain about? Charm me. Who am I? It's painful and poisonous, and it's never too late to sigh.
three
I'm disappointed to lose my relatives and friends. Su Yu is in Jessica Hester Hsuan, while Xuan Yu is flying over the cover. Mourn for the palace and return to the wild at night. The soul is silent, but it sees the crown and the belt. Prepare things for life, who grows? Hentai instigated on the track, the clouds surged, and the vibration strategy pointed to Lingqiu, and the driving words were gone.
Liu Taiwei's Elegy
Lu you
The wall is strong and the river is near, and people are suspicious of the enemy. Ann knows millions of Lu, more than ten years old. Wisdom comes from the natural table, and work is like the beginning of a plan. What's the matter with you? Stop talking about books.
A great master Guo Wei and Shi Gongla wrote lyrics.
Lu you
After a long period of hard work, the general didn't mobilize his troops. Protest against God's will and forget holiness. People's hearts are unpredictable, and current events are far from knowing. Khan Jane sent a message, who wants to talk alone!
Wan lyrics
Lu you
Respect for the public, respect for the hometown, and meet Zhou Xing again in the season. Happy night Wuyi Lane, meet Yushu Lang again. Celebrities appreciate more, but Rong Lu is embarrassed. Worrying about the river beam, the wind and smoke are bleak!
Su Taoguang Festival pushes and pulls lyrics.
Lu you
The only name is Jing Zhaorafter, and the gate valve is Wei Gongsun. Although it is dirty, it is still warm to see people. It's better to sweep the shed's door than to sing Baqiao Snow. Two beautiful things have disappeared, and the old man lives alone.
A great master Guo Wei and Shi Gongla wrote lyrics.
Lu you
Be good at learning and getting up early, and always be loyal. Yunlong has won three crowns in the Millennium. Regarding the persuasion of suspension, Zou did not agree. Who knows this heart? A brave man cried in the autumn wind.
A great master Guo Wei and Shi Gongla wrote lyrics.
Lu you
Being an official is expensive, and you are honored; Ermarten instrument is a product, and the tin belt is priceless. Be honest when reporting and sincere when doing it. Why did Simin report it? Spring ploughing in Wan Li.
Liu Taiwei's Elegy
Lu you
Hu Qiang forgot to repeat education, and his division and brigade were well prepared. The southern dress is more sacred, and the China army cast and sealed it. Zhao, open a blessing crown. Where is the glory? The door is as cold as frost.
A great master Guo Wei and Shi Gongla wrote lyrics.
Lu you
Morality constitutes a stone, honor and labor constitute a dragon. Do whatever you want, do whatever you want. Years of tribute and money, autumn prevention and suppression of traffic jams. Drawing a picture on the pavilion is enough to get rid of it.
A great master Guo Wei and Shi Gongla wrote lyrics.
Lu you
At first, it was called grandpa, but it was praised by the public. All the pavilions moved in and paid the bill, and all the governments of Wei Che were blocked. Be frank instead of guessing resistance? A group of people vilify themselves. Empty left hand, but still qualitative.
Yao wasteland writes poems.
Su Shi
Jingkou has declined in recent years, and the highest is lost. Once Chaucer was here, and he didn't see Tian Hou. Poverty and illness only know pleasure, and leisure hates abandoning officials late. Don't be like a seven-year dream, but remember that bare and thin posture.
Lu's eulogy
Su Shi
It's simple. I'm scared. I was born in a family without ten metals, and I cried in Liuzhou Lane. The dusty temple has been gone for three years, and the dream is new. Think of saints, see portraits another day, whether there are towels on the grass or not. There is a Sixian Pavilion in Chengdu, which draws portraits of the public. )
Therefore, Li Chengcheng's "Waiting for Six Zhang System".
Su Shi
It's an inch loose, with a beam. Tian Ji fell to the ground, but he expected this. There is no Epang Palace in the world, but a five-poster flag can be built. There is no Mu Tian character, but Yan Yaochi is the one who is on the Western Expedition. Talent is hard to use, and no common goal is to die. I'm afraid my husband can't help it, but I don't know. The male is as loose as a horse, and the young is called Go. Throwing the ball from the temple, laughing about no Qiang Yi. The Qing dynasty was useless, and Whitehead was still worried. I'm willing to chop down the rampaging generals. Please boil them dry. Although I didn't see the province, I would peek at the treacherous people. I have been away for a long time, and the rivers and lakes have a white beard. If you go back to being old, who will survive? Compared with the public, dragons can't be bound. The suspect Li Beihai is generous and talkative. Sorrow for five kings, pain for eight sad poems. It is clear that evil is rewarded with good, but people are public thinking today. Nine yuan can't be passed on, and it's always sad.
Pan tuiguan's mother, Shi Li's elegy
Su Shi
Nanpu is desolate and old, while Dongpo is still a secluded person. The cups and plates are used by Taojiake, and the strings are often recited to Meng Mu neighbors. I still have an appointment for one day, but I'm afraid I've lost a lot of money. I want to go to Jianghu this year, and the rain will kill the trees in the mountains.
Shi ren zhong wan ci
Su Shi
There is nothing in the world, and the disease is like the wind. Little Ren Wenyi is older, smarter and kinder than little Feng Jun. It goes without saying that two semesters are enough to make friends with my ancestors. Look at each other half as the morning star, poor Taibai and the waning moon. Daren went to the cemetery first and didn't do it, but Xiaoren couldn't get it back one by one. Send a bottle to say goodbye to life and death. Tears in the bottle should be sour. Noble and humble, virtuous and foolish, your family is endless. There is nothing to lose in the world, only God can rely on.
Zhang Yongmin's Elegy
Su Shi
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, we ordered towel carts, and in the Western Jin Dynasty, we hosted Ji Lang. Willing to write landscape articles. Therefore, since you despise thousands of families, you have never envied a bag. High spirits are evil and bones are rotten. Yuling is quiet and dark, and Qinhuai's old houses are deserted. I don't need to engrave my poem, and the punch line is yellow. (Huang Luzhi made a sigh [for the people]. )
Mrs. Su's mother Chen's words
Su Shi
Chen Su's nephew and uncle are actually Kethleen. At first, their romantic life began to degenerate. Mrs. Gao Jie called her home, and the cold pine reflected the bamboo. The cock crows well, and every day is new. Eighty-three years is like a morning. Whether the family should live longer than the mother, but it is different from the court. It was my son who forgot himself and died for his country. How can three officials know how to be happy? I'm too lazy to catch fish. I think it's an upcoming dream. Reading poetry is really a trivial matter, and there are more than a thousand words left on the tombstone. When I was old, I couldn't learn the genealogy, only to know that there was a book about Ban Zhao's Han Dynasty.
Sue's elegy
Su Shi
A young man is famous for his bravery, but at night he forgets it. I am a real Han official who is flashy and flashy, and my articles are elegant and call me Zong. I am willing to undertake my lifelong ambition, and having a son should not die. Only I have been idle for ten years and sent a few lines of tears to Xifeng. Volume 8 72 poems
Three elegies of Han Kanggong
Su Shi
The old country is not a tree, and the king has a world minister. The rest of the dead are old people. Virtue civilization, romantic show gentry. Eat and drink freely and cry for believers everywhere. Loyalty to the world, praise the wings of the three dynasties. If you don't return home after your success, you will visit and forget you. The old school is strict in the rhythm of poetry, while Yu Wei is quiet in the atmosphere. Why do you follow Han Yi? So officials can always write. The East Pavilion was opened in the west, followed by the first banquet. Song invites white hair, and lamps delight youth. Help the road in the middle of the night, turn around and have a new dream. Poetry is still wet, and the towel is rolled alone.
Kong Changyuan's Two Wanci Poems
Su Shi
Young talents were crowned at that time, and the evening breeze was lonely and self-defeating. After Sheng Jun became a master, Zong Lin was worthy of the Cai Yong Monument. The southern wilderness still remembers the evil of the yuan dynasty, and the eastern Vietnam can be refined. In the old days, there were few people, and it was sad that you had no regrets. The willow at the head of the small weir is a boat, and Gozando invaded the banquet last month. The tide rang at midnight, and poetry was widely circulated in the Ming Dynasty. (the dragon originated from crossing Hangzhou, and there are beautiful sentences for drinking at night. Changyuan poem says that there are two phoenixes in the sky and two tides in Haimen. When you sit down, say yes. ) You mean I was suddenly surprised at the age of four after the crooked fist. When the beautiful city closes, there will be endless things, and the south looks at poetry and tears.
Yu Zhuben's mother-in-law words
Su Shi
In the boudoir, Lan lives in the countryside, although she used to be poor and happy. Is the monopolist in the middle of the feed, but ignorant because of his toes? The cloud has suddenly returned to the fairy house, and the tree still holds the old house. Endure the tears of returning home and sprinkle them on Lao Lai for a while.
Elegy of Kong Yiji's wife
Su Shi
The knot is the first happy, and the same point is late. If you choose a husband, you will be handsome, and if you have children, you will get Ji Wang. Is Gao Feng a guest friend, a clothing lover or a brother? When you live in seclusion, your poverty doesn't count from the beginning. Heavy clouds will pitch for life. The secluded room is gloomy and fragrant in the towel. A hundred years have passed, and so has this road. That will limit the body, and it's no use crying. Zhao is no more fragile than a rock. Look at a thousand words, it is better to use one hundred gold.
Xu Junyou's words
Su Shi
A southern tour did not return, and the Qingjiang Chibi was sad. Please watch the road without tears, but you can't bear to be bullied. When planting willows alone after snow, picking tea among bamboos. The mountain city has done its best as a former guest, and the old hatred and new worries are only bosom friends.
In the same year, Wang Zhongfu wrote a eulogy.
Su Shi
The first emperor personally received 15 people. (There were 15 virtuous people in Renzong, but now only the rich, Zhang Xuanhui, Qian Chunlao, Yu and his younger brother are left. ) the quartet is vying to see Peng Yu. If you are a talented person, you can really use it regardless of my failure. After ten years of ups and downs, several people survived. There should be tears in the grass when he was looking for relics in Jingkou.
Three elegies of Emperor Zongshen
Su Shi
Civil and military solid vertical, Qin Mingxin. It doesn't just sanctify people, and wonderful things are only called gods. The government has been three kings, and the words are all six alcohols. There is no such thing as a towering figure, but a lonely minister. Yao De hasn't changed his name, so he doesn't have to count Shun Gong. Caution still leads to filial piety, and the rest is about peace. Courtesy for the elderly, official courtesy and Han Long. Who knows that there is nothing to do, and the wind will spread through the ages. The succession is really chitose, and the holiday ends. Nan Zhou stayed for a while, and the publicity room was desolate. The sick horse is empty, and the withered sunflower has been frosted. Lying in the river and sea for the rest of my life, crying in my dreams.
Wang Zhengzhou Wanci ()
Su Shi
Envy junhua launched the Kremlin, and right assistant was also a drum horn man at first. Thousands of miles of ploughing sang qu, and Mu was crowned for a while. When you know there are joys and sorrows outside the grain. Jing Zhao has several colleagues, and I'm still thinking about the case. For the opening ceremony, it is difficult to be in the same room with my son. )
Fan's two elegies
Huang tingjian
On Zhaoling Day, the article was almost red. Empty nesters grow old and don't serve you. Go to the countryside to shoot some tigers, and stay for a while if you have less money. Who said anything about the coffin? Xinle locks spider silk.
Fan's two elegies
Huang tingjian
Although the channel remains the same, it is unique to know people. The book forest is the boss, and the words on the paper are oblique. If you go to Sanshan, you will be in danger of cooking. Save the son of heaven and give him a few sticks for the rest of my life.
Wang Wan Zhongcheng is one of them.
Li Panlong
Simatai is at the forefront, and the situation is still there. This is not the king's will being carved, so don't be Xu Shan Wan Li Tao.
Midtown Wang Wan, second.
Li Panlong
The shogunate is high and the stone is open, and the thistle door is heavy. It was stormy at night on the battlefield, and people saw fighter planes coming!
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Elegy Poetry: Elegy of Life of Wei and Jin Literati Not Rated Visits: 13 Comments: 0 words: 300 words
Y by: Tsinghua
Author: Hu Baozhen, Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
Release date: 2006125 October 5438+0
Life and death are not only the beginning and end of life, but also the whole process of life. The so-called "born with it, die without regret" is also true. Life and death decide that human life is limited. As the end of life process, death is also a breakthrough in its time limit. The other side of the world beyond the time limit of "living" is something that the living can't feel personally. Therefore, since our ancestors, the fear, doubt and curiosity about death have been bothering human beings. With the gradual awakening of human rational spirit, human beings gradually realize that this shore and the other shore are insurmountable. When people look at the other shore with this shore as a reference, they only see eternal darkness, loneliness and emptiness. At this time, the pain of life and death separation and the fear of death will be deeper, and the efforts to understand death in depth to alleviate the pain and fear will be more lasting. As a result, death has become the same continuous theme as love in poems that are good at lyricism. Ge Sheng, Su Guan and Guo E appeared in The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems in China. If mourning poems are generally the product of bitter experience, there is another kind of poems that have a more direct relationship with death, and they are even part of the death ceremony. Such as the funeral songs of the Floro people in Brazil <1> China's elegy, etc. As for the origin of elegy, Qiao Zhou's "Fa Xun" said: "There is an elegy today, and the name of the high emperor is Tian Heng. As for the corpse town, he committed suicide. I arrived at the palace late, and I was afraid of crying, but I was so sad that I pretended to sing this song to send the funeral. " ("Full Golden Text") This statement is quite common. In fact, elegy has a long history, and it didn't start with Tian Heng's disciples. Ren Xinyu was born in the world, quoting Zhuangzi: "People are born with it, and it is bound to be bitter." Sima Biao's note: "Sorry, I asked for it myself." Repel, ease, slow down. Bitter, difficult also. The people who lead us to eulogize are anxious because of their uneven strength. "Xu" and "Shuowen" are interpreted as "coffins, from wood". This shows: first, elegy came into being with the appearance of wooden coffin burial. Wooden coffin burial was widely used in Yin and Shang Dynasties. 2> Then, elegy has a long history. We don't know when the earliest elegy came into being, but there was an elegy in the Spring and Autumn Period at the latest, such as Yu Mourning mentioned in Zuo Zhuan. Second, the primitive elegy has the nature of labor chant. But because it is a song on a specific occasion, the tone must be sad and lyrical. As an indispensable part of funeral, elegy has been carried on from generation to generation. After the Han Dynasty, the number of deacons and elegies was clearly defined according to the identity and status of the deceased. 2 & gt。 In the Northern Dynasties, the custom of literati writing poems for funerals rose again, which continues to this day. In ancient times, there were a large number of poems presented to La, but most of them were ceremonial entertainment works, often lacking deep feelings. Although the elegy began with the bearer, it will not be limited to this in the future. For example, Liezi Zhong Ni wrote: "When Ji Liang dies, Yang Zhu looks at his door and sings", and the "song" here is also an elegy. The lyrics of the elegy were originally intended to express the mourners' feelings for the dead. It's sad to think that I will end up like this one day, but for singers, it's after all, and once people indulge in daily life, they often equate this "future" with "distant", and this sadness is only temporary. However, it is different to sing elegies with the nature of extrication. In this case, the singer faces a clearer death. "Zuo Zhuan" mourned the public for eleven years, and Lu Qi, "Will fight, (Qi) ordered his disciples to sing" Yu's funeral. " Du Yu's note: "Yu Mourning", a funeral song, indicates death. "This may be the beginning of future generations to save themselves. At the end of the Han Dynasty, elegies became popular in the world. This edition of Records of the Five Elements of the Later Han Dynasty is quoted from Liu Zhao's Custom Pass: "When the capital is married, it is all called" Kui? " After drinking, continue to elegy. "The note said," What's the loss? "The joy of bereavement." According to the Records of Zhou Juchuan in the Later Han Dynasty, in March of the sixth year of Yonghe, the general Liang Shang "invited guests to the meeting and held a banquet in Luoshui ... The merchants and their relatives drank heavily, and the wine bar preached, followed by the song of Autumn Record. Everyone who heard it was hiding his face and crying. " At that time, people sang elegies on festivals unrelated to death and funeral. The decadence and sentimentality of the last days can also be seen. The emergence of this phenomenon has its complicated social reasons. First of all, the political situation at the end of the Han Dynasty was dark and turbulent, and people of insight had a premonition that the dynasty would inevitably fall. The terrible atmosphere caused by the disaster between the two parties made scholars feel unsafe. This society is full of resentment, despair and abandonment. Extraordinary emotions need to be vented in extraordinary forms, and elegy has become a good choice. Secondly, the wind of elegy is also related to the wind of talking in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. One of the main contents of Qing Yi is to evaluate people. So, "the scholar-officials along the way, honor, promotion and wealth, evasion, long mourning, trying to pretend to be a filial piety, noble character, in order to win the praise of the Qing Dynasty. Many people who can't get fame do not hesitate to pretend to get fame and catch strange things and surprise people. " This ethos of<3> and the style of attaching importance to names, neglecting deeds and respecting nature among scholars after Wang Mang usurped the government have been shaken, forming a style of attaching importance to individuality and being unconventional. Singing elegies at the banquet is not unrelated to this scholarly style. Of course, the popularity of elegy can not only be regarded as the expression of fertility, but also the product of rational thought that gradually surged after the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. People are not shy about talking about death, which at least shows that they have been able to look at death with a rational eye and face it. This is also one of the reasons for the sentimentality in Wei and Jin Dynasties. This can also be seen from the chant about the impermanence of life in Nineteen Ancient Poems. From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the lyric function of elegy was greatly strengthened, and it became popular in society as a special lyric poem on occasions other than funeral. In the process of popularity, scholars are not only good at singing elegies, but also begin to create their own words. At first, new words were written in the elegy of the old Yuefu, such as Good Li Xing and Autumn Deer Trip written by Cao Cao. Cao Zhi also wrote Autumn Records and Fu Liangxing on Mount Tai. However, although these poems use old elegies, they are actually political lyrics. On the contrary, Ruan's Seven Wounded Poems is a real elegy, although it doesn't use the title of elegy. The earliest works of literati called "elegy" that we see now are the "elegy poems" that Miao was attacked in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Miao Gong, a friend of Zhong Changtong, said in his "On Zhong Changtong Chang Yan Biao": "I am a charming official who dares to speak out and doesn't care about details. Every county calls me, but I don't need to call it sick. " Silent language is impermanent and people call it madness. His father Miao Fei said: "Emperor Gaozu was in Chang 'an, and the official was a famous Confucian. When Fei was appointed a servant, there was nothing. "<4> From this point of view, Miao Feng, although later occupying a high position, should also be an appreciative or arrogant person. From "elegy to Japanese attack" < 5> It can also be seen that the elegy poems written by literati have something to do with the taxi style since the end of Han Dynasty. A poem says: I traveled all over the country when I was alive, but I never abandoned Nakano when I died. Go to Gaotang at dusk and stay in the grave. Enter Yu Garden during the day and rest on horseback. Although nature is a god, a sense of security can restore me. Describe a little rest and your teeth will fall out. Since ancient times, no one can do without it. From the content point of view, this poem does not have much novelty compared with the works with similar themes in Han Yuefu and ancient poems at the end of Han Dynasty. It is worth noting that what the poet expresses here is not the mourning for one person, but the general mourning for death, which naturally contains the meaning of self-mourning. Most of the elegy poems of Wei and Jin literati belong to this category. In addition, none of the previous elegies were directly named "Elegy". If we only look at the topic without considering the content and function, they are not obviously different from other Yuefu poems. Samuel attacked the famous elegy poem, which made the nature of the poem more clear and fixed the concept of elegy as one category. Since then, more and more literati's poems have been named after elegy. By the time Xiao Tong compiled Selected Works, this kind of poems had been classified as a separate category. It can be said that the practice of pseudo-attack objectively adapts to the trend that Wei Jin people pay attention to distinguishing the style of articles. Compared with before, Jin people's preference for elegy is increasing day by day. This is certainly related to the atmosphere since the end of the Han Dynasty, but it is not the case. First of all, the Western Jin Dynasty was established in the bloody slaughter within the ruling group, and it maintained its rule by playing politics to achieve a balance between different interest groups. This balance is quite fragile, so the political struggle between the Jin Dynasty has been fierce. Scholars in this environment are often walking on thin ice and feel more about the impermanence of life. Fu Xuan and Luji are quite representative in this respect. There are three elegies written by Fu Xuan today, two of which start with "People can keep fresh for a hundred times, and all infants mourn" and "People can keep fresh for a hundred times, and all infants mourn". It can be seen that the poet examines death in the whole process of life. When the poet looks back on life from the end of life in imagination, what he feels most is the sadness of life, just as "Zhuangzi Zhile" said: "Life is full of worries", and death is the most sad ending of tens of thousands of sad feelings in life, which is the ultimate sadness of life, because waiting for the dead will be forever lonely: "I have done my best to cry, and I can't speak. "Survival is far and near, and the night is long." The homesickness of life revealed in the poem "No leakage in the ground, knowing Xia Dong safely" is just compared with this greatest sorrow. Fu was an official in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and he had a personal feeling of the sinister career brought about by the change of dynasties, and it was inevitable that he would lament his life. Lu Ji wrote the most mourning poems in Jin Dynasty. Poems in the pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, including his three mourning poems, his mourning poems, the mourning poems of princes and so on. In addition, there are poems by Mount Tai and Liang, which are famous for the old elegy of Yuefu. Lu Ji wrote many elegies, which I'm afraid can't be completely attributed to the temporary atmosphere or natural melancholy. Lu Ji was born in a noble family in Wu Dong, and his two brothers both died in the battle of Jin and Wu. After Wu's death, he "retired to the old school, studied hard behind closed doors, and accumulated ten years of work." & lt6> In the last years of Taikang, he and his younger brother Yun were called back to Romania and were inevitably involved in the whirlpool of political struggle. From the poem A Gentleman's Journey, we can clearly see his complex psychology in the sea of officials: "Heaven is simple and easy, but humanity is dangerous and difficult. Don't take the blame, it's unnecessary. Not far from suffering, doubt is true. Close to the fire, it should be hot, and walking on the ice is not cold. " Lu Ji, who has experienced vicissitudes but is unwilling to be lonely, has a deep understanding of the "dangers" of "human nature", so he is particularly sensitive to the changes of life and death. His Preface to Mourning for the Past said: "Once upon a time, every elder heard about his life and loved his relatives at the same time, either dying or only living. I am a 40-year-old, widowed, and have no close friends. Or I have been swimming around and eating in a room. Ten years have passed and I am exhausted. " Rough experience and sinister official career brought him a heavy sense of impermanence in life, which is probably the deep reason why he wrote more elegy poems. Secondly, the popularity of elegy in Jin Dynasty is also related to metaphysics and the atmosphere brought by metaphysics. The Jin Dynasty was an era when metaphysics prevailed, and life and death were also important issues concerned by metaphysics scholars. For example, Zhang Zhan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote Liezi Zhuan, and the core of the discussion is the issue of life and death. He believes that life and death are relative, "gathering is success, and dispersing is end".