#诗词appreciation# Introduction "Pipa Xing" is one of the long Yuefu poems by the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. By describing the pipa girl's superb playing skills and her unfortunate experiences, this poem exposes unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption in feudal society, poor people's livelihood, and buried talents. It expresses the poet's deep sympathy for her, and also expresses the poet's innocence towards himself. Resentment at being demoted. Let’s enjoy Bai Juyi’s famous poem “Pipa Xing” with Kao.com. Welcome to read!
Lightly gathered together, slowly twisted and wiped, then picked again, first "Neon Shang" and then "Liu Yao".
The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.
Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate.
In the meantime, Guan Ying is talking about the slippery bottom of the flowers, and it is difficult to go under the ice of Youyan Spring.
Appreciation
These sentences describe the Pipa girl’s superb playing skills. "The big strings are as noisy as the pelting rain" and "like the pelting rain" describe the fast rhythm of the pipa sound. When the big strings are played, it is like the scorching sun and summer rain, coming suddenly, making a loud chirping sound. "The small strings are like whispers", the sentence structure is the same as the previous sentence. "Everything is like a whisper" describes the thin and light sound of the pipa, like two people talking to each other in silence, not daring to raise their voices to each other, and buzzing like mosquitoes. . The poet's description of the big strings and small strings of the pipa in these sentences uses two popular metaphors, which are vivid and make people feel like hearing their sounds. But these are not enough. What will happen if the big string and the small string are played at the same time? "Noisy, noisy, mixed bullets, big beads and small beads falling on the jade plate", if two sounds are played at the same time, it is like big pearls and small pearls falling on the jade plate at the same time, tinkling and banging, very lively and noisy Not complicated, complicated but not chaotic, pleasant to the ear. "Big beads and small beads falling on a jade plate", this metaphor has both visual and auditory senses. The sight and hearing appear at the same time, which is really dazzling and the "ears" are overwhelmed. It vividly describes the superb playing skills of the pipa girl. .
These sentences can be used to describe the high and low rhythm, ups and downs of musical instruments, and the crisp and graceful sound of the music. They can also be used to describe the sound of water, stone, or water droplets. The last two sentences can also be used to describe the sound of a certain sound.
Extended reading: Bai Juyi’s literary achievements
Bai Juyi was a great poet who had great influence in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His poetic ideas and poetry creation were characterized by his emphasis on popularity and realism. Prominent emphasis and full expression occupy an important position in Chinese poetry. In "The Nine Books of Yuan Dynasty", he clearly said: "The servant's ambition is to be both helpful and good, and his behavior is to be unique. If you follow it from beginning to end, it is Tao, and if you talk about it and invent it, it is poetry. It is called an allegorical poem, and it is the ambition of concurrently helping others. It can be seen from this that among Bai Juyi's four categories of poems: allegory, leisure, sentimentality, and miscellaneous rhymes, the first two categories embody his "consistency." It is a way of both benefiting and doing good alone, so we attach great importance to it. At the same time, he put forward his own literary ideas: "Articles are written according to the time, and songs and poems are written according to the events." His poetic ideas were mainly based on the creation of early allegorical poems.
As early as in "Celin" written in the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularization, and allegory: "Today's articles of praise and criticism are not verified, so the way to punish and persuade is missing; If a poem that is beautiful and satirical does not reflect politics, then the meaning of supplementary inspection will be abolished. ... Those who combine poetry with Jiongjie and allegory will be praised despite their wild quality." (Sixty-eight "Yi Wen") The function of poetry is. To punish evil and encourage good, and to make up for the current affairs, the means of poetry are to praise and criticize with beauty and allegorize with strong caution. Therefore, he advocated: "Establish officials who collect poetry, develop the way of satire, observe the gains and losses of politics, and understand the emotions of people above and below." (Sixty-nine "Collecting Poems") He opposed the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "wonderful writing" without content, and was even more opposed to the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and moon and playing with flowers and plants" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the "Preface to New Yuefu", he clearly pointed out that the criteria for writing poetry are: "The words are clear and precise, and those who want to see them can easily tell them; their words are straightforward and clear, and those who want to hear them can be warned deeply; the things they say are clear and precise." "Solid," so that those who pick it can convey the message; its body is smooth and smooth, and can be broadcast in music and songs. "The words "quality and diameter", "straight and cut", "core and solid", and "smooth and smooth" here are respectively. It emphasizes that the language must be simple and popular, the discussion must be straightforward, the writing must be pure and false, and the form must be fluent and smooth, with the color of a ballad. In other words, poetry must be written in a way that is authentic and credible, easy to understand, and easy to sing to music, to be considered the ultimate. [2]
Bai Juyi’s above-mentioned requirements for poetry have only one purpose, which is to make up for current affairs. So he went on to say: "In short, you should do it for the king, for the ministers, for the people, for things, for things, not for literature." ("Xin Yuefu Preface") In "Yu Yuan Jiu Shu", Looking back on his early creations, he said: "Since he came to the dynasty, he has grown older and read more and more things. Every time he talks to people, he inquires more about current affairs; every time he reads history, he seeks more theories and principles. Only then do he realize that the articles are written at the same time, and the songs are written at the same time. Poems are written for the sake of things. "When writing for the time and things, the first thing is to write for the king." He also said: "But it hurts the people's illnesses, and they don't know the taboos of the times" (Part 2 of "Two Poems on Injuring Tang Qu"), and created a large number of allegorical poems reflecting the people's sufferings, but the overall direction is "Only songs cause people's illnesses" , I hope the emperor will know it" ("Ji Tang Sheng"). Because only when the people's sentiments are heard by heaven and the emperor opens up the barriers and expresses human sentiments, will politics tend to be peaceful.
"Pipa Song" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" are Bai Juyi's most successful works. The outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyrical factors. Compared with previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narration and description to express events, they simplify the events beyond simplicity. They only use one central event and two or three main characters to structure the whole poem, such as quite dramatic. The Mawei Incident in Mawei is described by the author in just a few strokes. However, in terms of the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environment and atmosphere, he splashes ink like rain in order to enjoy it to the fullest. Works that focus more on encounter narratives also use emotions to closely connect sounds and events. Sounds arise with emotion, and emotions change with events, so that the process of the poem is always accompanied by moving emotional power. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also reflected in the use of selected images to create the appropriate atmosphere and enhance the artistic conception of the poems. For example, in "Song of Everlasting Regret", "Seeing the moon in the palace makes me sad, and hearing the heartbreaking sound of bells in the night rain", in "Pipa Tour", "Maple leaves and flowers rustle in autumn", "The vast river is soaked in the moon when we say goodbye" and other poems, or the cold moonlight , pattering night rain, and heart-breaking bells combine to form a heart-wrenching scene, or rustling maple leaves, dill flowers, and the vast river moon form a sad and lonely picture, in which the desolate, sentimental, and melancholy moods revealed become poetry. The characters and events in the novel are all dyed, making readers feel shaken and unable to control themselves when faced with such artistic conception and atmosphere.
Extended reading: Bai Juyi’s achievements
Hanlin Bachelor
The early period was a period of benefiting the world, and the later period was a period of self-reliance. Bai Juyi was awarded Jinshi at the age of 29 in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800). He successively served as Secretary of the Provincial School, Shuzhiwei, and Hanlin Bachelor. During the Yuanhe period, he served as Zuo Shiyi. He wrote a large number of allegorical poems, and his representative work is "Qin Zhongyin" Ten The first poem, and the fifty poems of "New Yuefu", these poems made the powerful gnash their teeth, sigh, and change their color. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died of mental disorder in Chang'an. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown to observe mourning for three years. After completing his mourning, he returned to Chang'an. The emperor arranged for him to become Dr. Zuo Zanshan.
Jiangzhou Sima
In June of the tenth year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng and Yushi Zhongcheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu Yuanheng died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. . For such a major event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucracy group that were in power at the time actually remained calm and were not in a hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry and wrote a letter urging the murderer to be severely punished and to enforce law and order. However, instead of praising him for his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power said that he was an official of the Eastern Palace and it was an act of transgression to discuss government affairs before admonishing officials. Therefore, he was demoted to the governor of the state. Wang Ya said that his mother fell into a well and died while looking at flowers. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which violated filial piety. Such a person was not qualified to govern the county, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he was offended was those satirical poems.
Being demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang) was a heavy blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "eliminates sorrow and joy on his face, and eliminates all thoughts of right and wrong in his heart." His Buddhist and Taoist thoughts grew in his early years. Three years later, with the help of his friend Cui Qun, he was promoted to the governor of Chungju.
Hangzhou Governor
In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died violently in Chang'an, and Tang Mu Zong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loved his talent and recalled him to Chang'an, where he successively served as a minister. The outsider, the host and the guest, the Zhongzhizhigao, the Zhongshusheren, etc. However, the court was in chaos at that time, with ministers vying for power and fighting openly and secretly. Mu Zong was politically idle and did not listen to advice. So he strongly requested to be released. In 822, Bai Juyi was appointed governor of Hangzhou. During his tenure in Hangzhou, he saw that the farmland in Hangzhou was often threatened by drought, but officials were unwilling to use water from the West Lake to irrigate the fields, so he overcame numerous obstacles and criticisms, mobilized migrant workers to heighten the lake embankments, build embankments and sluices, and increased the lake's water capacity. It solved the irrigation problem of hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland between Qiantang (now Hangzhou) and Yanguan (now Haining). Bai Juyi also stipulated that the large and small sluices and bucket gates of the West Lake must be closed in time when farmland is not irrigated; any leaks must be repaired in time. Bai Juyi also organized the masses to re-dregate the six wells dug by Li Mi, the governor of Hangzhou, in the Qiantang Gate and Yongjin Gate areas during the Dali Period of the Tang Dynasty, thus improving the residents' water conditions.