Yu Shinan
Cicada droops like a tassel on a hat, its tentacles suck the clear dew, and its voice spreads from the branches of the straight Shulang tree.
Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.
Precautions:
Rui: the drooping part of the cap tassel tied under the chin of the ancients is somewhat similar to the shape of the tentacles protruding from the cicada head.
Dew: Pure dew. The ancients thought that cicadas lived by drinking dew, but in fact they sucked the juice of plants.
Flowing clouds and flowing water: refers to the continuous cicada singing.
Sparse: open and sparse.
Relying on: relying on.
The Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House is based on Yu Shinan's Cicada.
Yu Shinan was a famous calligrapher, writer and politician in the early Tang Dynasty. Yuyao people, the word Bo Shi. At that time, Yang Di, the head of the household department, Tang Xing, the secretary supervisor, and the bachelor of Hong Wen Pavilion were praised by Emperor Taizong as "five musts" in virtue, loyalty, erudition, literature and sports. There are thirty volumes of original poems and essays, but they are not complete. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhang Shouyong compiled four volumes of Miyu Ji Jian, which was incorporated into Siming Series.
After the change of Xuanwu Gate, Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, so Nan was appointed as a bachelor of Hong Wen Museum. Although he is just a royal civil servant like a think tank, he has always been around the king and is highly respected. Yu Shinan is diligent, practical and humble, "low-key and connotative". Emperor Taizong admired him very much. Not only do I often take him to major ceremonies, but I always think of him when I walk. One day, bored, Li Shimin took a group of bachelors from Hong Wen Pavilion to the garden to enjoy the scenery of the sea pool and talk about poetry and painting. Emperor Taizong asked the people what new poems and songs they had recently, so he read this song "Cicada" in the south.
Cicada was not only a pest in ancient times, but also regarded as a symbol of nobility. The ancients thought it was elegant, called Qingyuan, lived on pure dew, was quiet and dormant, and had high kinetic energy. It is simply a noble and gentleman among insects.
"Hanging down and drinking clear dew" vividly depicts the shape of cicada and compares the officials and people of Emei Mountain. The "expensive" official is contrary to the "clean" advocated by scholars. "hanging down and drinking clear dew" skillfully combines the two, realizing the most cherished desire of literati since ancient times. It's not enough just to "drink the dew". This cicada just stops on the buttonwood tree. What kind of tree is phoenix tree? Indus symbolizes noble character, supreme wisdom, faithful love and the unique sadness of China people. That is the spiritual wood where the phoenix lives, and the raw materials for guqin production can make people "rather picky" cultural symbols, and prove the love monument of the vows of "live and die together" and "the seas run dry and the rocks crumble". This is not an ordinary phoenix tree, but a "sparse phoenix tree". The sparseness of space immediately reminds people of the passage of time, and then reminds them of the sadness that "the phoenix tree is raining even more, and at dusk, it is dripping". Ah! This is a tenacious cicada that can withstand loneliness and autumn wind! From the visual perspective of the cicada phoenix tree to the auditory perspective, the picture in the reader's mind immediately flows.
What the author really wants to say is that "the voice is not moved by the autumn wind"-only by standing high and looking far can we learn nature well and get respect. "I didn't gain status and fame by clinging to powerful people and flattering others." This is a clean voice hidden in North Korea. A gentleman is self-reliant, virtuous and generous, and poor is immune. Yu Shinan is very lucky. Although he is inevitably questioned or even vilified by the "sour grapes" literati, in order to preserve the dignity of the literati and show their political ambitions, it is inevitable to make some poems to coax the king. He is as "noble" as he is, with both fame and fortune, setting an example for future generations.
By contrast, Wang Luobin is much more pitiful.
A political prisoner is listening to cicadas.
Cicada sang in the western land and ordered me to make up my mind in my cell.
However, it needs those songs with black wings to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ?
To annotate ...
Xidi: autumn. Guān: refers to prisoners.
Xuanbian: the cicada temple. Ancient women's sideburns were as thin as cicadas' wings and shaped like the shadow of cicadas' wings, so the mysterious sideburns referred to cicadas.
Gao Jie: Talking about cicadas is actually a self-metaphor.
In 678 BC, King Robin, who had just been promoted to the position of court minister, was slandered for Geng Jie's disobedience to Huang Wu and was taken to prison. Unlike Yu Shinan, who is carefree and idle, Luo, who is trapped in a prison with uncertain life and death, sees the vigorous and twisted ancient locust through the cold iron bars, hears the knocking of shackles, smells the stench of mildew and stench, and thinks of the bleak world with many difficulties, unexpected talents and uncertain life and death. It is hard to imagine that this down-and-out man is a seven-year-old poet who sings geese! Obviously, it is "a piece of ice in the jade pot" and "a matter of eliminating pesticides for the holy dynasty", but it ended up like this!
Autumn wind, cicada singing, plucking my heartstrings let me down. Cicada body is like ink, my temples are in pairs, comparable to years, and I can't break it. No matter how gorgeous the wings are, they can't resist the impact of heavy rain, and no matter how loud the shouts are, they can't penetrate the hurricane barrier. The heart is like a bright moon, falsely claiming clouds; My heart is like a rock, and I suspect there is a flood; The heart is like a jade cicada, and the autumn wind is auspicious. A hundred schools of thought contend, I hate not to cut my heart! A sincere, monarch is not a pity! Who can understand me? I'm afraid only Qiu Chan, which is in trouble, has a bright future!
There is also a small preface to this poem, which can be called a good ode to cicadas:
To the west of the forbidden wall is a hall of martial law, and there are several ancient locust trees. Although the business is known, it is the same as the ancient trees in Yin Zhongwen; And listening to the case, that is, Gan Tang in Zhou, every evening when the sun is low, we should take a breath, take a deep breath and taste it. Does it mean that people will listen to insects sadly when their hearts are different? Hehe, the voice is moving and the virtue is like a saint. Therefore, cleaning his body is also a noble act of a gentleman; Shed its skin, and it has the spirit of a fairy capital. Then follow the number of yin and yang; It is necessary to change the festival and take the opportunity to review Tibet. Open your eyes and don't be confused by Tao; With thin wings, it is easy to be true but not vulgar. Sing the breeze of the tree, rhyme longitudinal; Drinking the dew of high autumn is clear and awesome. A servant is not easy to lose his way, and time rewards him. Don't be sad but feel sorry for yourself, first decline and then shake it off. When I heard the flowing sound, I realized that I had been rehabilitated; Seeing the shadow of mantis, I am afraid of crisis. Poetry is composed of feelings, and feelings make friends. A normal heart should follow things and mourn its weak feathers; Send people to know, pity Yusheng loneliness. Not pen and ink, but worry and worry.
This preface probably says: I am in prison awaiting trial. There are some old locust trees outside the prison. At dusk, cicadas sing intermittently and vaguely. Listening to this weak and sad cicada, I can't help thinking that even grass bugs make sad sounds when their lives are frustrated. This cicada is moving, but think about its character, such as sage and gentleman. It is as noble and self-sufficient as a gentleman; When molting, it looks like a fairy feather, with a light and mysterious posture. It follows fate, keeps a low profile, keeps a low profile and is well prepared. It will not turn a blind eye to the world, nor will it defect to kitsch because it is weak. It always keeps a pure heart. It is like a fairy, living freely among tall branches, drinking clear dew and bathing in the breeze, which makes people fascinated and awe-inspiring. Ah! At this difficult and frustrating time, I have many ideas. I know it is difficult to turn over, rehabilitate and feel that misfortune is coming, so I am depressed and aging before I get old. My anxiety, my sadness, my loneliness, maybe only the cicada in the autumn wind can feel it. It is my bosom friend! I am willing to pour out my heart to it, encourage you and overcome difficulties.
Luo (about 638-684), a native of Yiwu, Wuzhou, was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He, together with Yang Jiong and Lu, is known as the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" and is the poet who wrote the most poems. His name and meaning come from the divination in the Book of Changes: "Look at the light of the country and take the guest as king." Born in poverty, he became a poet at the age of seven and was known as a child prodigy. In his early years, he was poor and wandering around in gambling, and later became a member of the Li family. He joined the army in the western regions and traveled in Sichuan. He was a royal official and went to prison for stealing. In his poems, he tells his grievances. After being released from prison, he was dissatisfied with being a county magistrate in Linhai. During the reign of Zong Rui (684), Xu Jingye set about wooing Wu Zetian, who was a member of his family and wrote books in the army. When his dedication failed, Robin disappeared, was killed or despaired, and even became a monk in Lingyin Temple. His life is quite bizarre, close to that of a strategist.
He is especially good at seven-character poems, and "Dijing Pian" is a rare novel in the early Tang Dynasty, which was cited as a swan song at that time. He is both civil and military, and has been guarding the border town for a long time, leaving many frontier poems, such as "the phoenix is fascinated by the new moon at dusk, and the new melon shines in autumn." The stove fire goes through the army wall, and the smoke is upstairs. "He was loyal to Li Tang all his life, so he strongly opposed the reign of Wuhou. When Xu Jingye was raising a soldier, he wrote the famous "A Generation of Xu Jingye Passed Around the World". This essay is serious and plays a leading role. Put Wu Zetian in the dock and list her crimes. Announced to the world that * * * with him, played a great role in propaganda. According to the New Tang Book, Wu Zetian was still laughing when she first read this article. When she read the sentence "a handful of dirt is wet, six feet is lonely", she was surprised to ask who wrote it and sighed: "Even the prime minister doesn't have this talent! "It can be seen that this movement is powerful. After the restoration of Tang Zhongzong, he sent a letter to collect Luo's poems and got hundreds of them. King Robin can finally become famous all over the world.
If cicada is the incarnation of Yu Shinan and the spokesman of Yu Shinan, then cicada is the confidant of King Robin. Wang Luobin and Qiu Chan said, "We are all unhappy-until eternity passes". Yu Shinan imagines herself as a noble cicada, which makes a crisp cicada sound. King Robin talked with cicada and regarded it as the only audience, just like the readers in later generations. Excluding the gap between circumstances and time and space, Cicada represents the noble, self-sufficient, tenacious, rich and unyielding positive mentality of the two poets, which is forever printed in the long river of history and turned into two stars that echo each other from afar.