Huangguoshu Waterfall is famous for its heroic, rough, majestic and magnificent features. What a gentleman in a waterfall!
B. This KM-Ⅲ floppy disk developed by Compal Software Company has a maximum storage capacity of 1.44 trillion characters.
C. it is not easy to appreciate a good poem, and it is even more difficult to create a good poem. Xiao Li has a soft spot for poetry, so he usually puts a lot of effort into this aspect.
D. Before Xiao Wang arrived at school, the class teacher said anxiously, "She never asks for leave ..."
[Question 2] (★★★★★★) None of the following sentences is unclear.
The factory was ordered to take sound insulation measures immediately to reduce noise pollution below the standard.
B. Ultra-microcomputers have shown great charm, but researchers believe that their micro-features can be developed to a higher level.
C. this kind of education is a predatory education, which is tantamount to letting the land grow this crop first, no matter what will happen in the future.
Sharla Cheung is so boring these days that no one in the class talks to him.
● Case study
[Case1] (★★★★) (1998 National College Entrance Examination)
In the following sentences, the sentence with clear meaning is
A. This exquisite lantern will be given as a gift to the guest who scored the highest score today.
B. He secretly deposited the money in two banks behind the back of the general manager and the deputy general manager.
C. the exam was not difficult, but he almost failed because of insufficient preparation.
D the director told the leaders of several schools that the work in the new semester must be improved.
Proposition intention: This topic examines the test sites of "unclear meaning" in "Discrimination and Modification of Ill Sentences". The ability level is D ..
Knowledge-based: understand the basic conditions that cause ambiguity: different levels of combination, different structural relationships, word ambiguity, part-of-speech ambiguity, incomplete components, etc. Master the basic methods of disambiguation.
Analysis: the "gift as a guest" in item A can be understood as both a gift for the guest and a gift for the guest; In this way, the "he" in the sentence may be a guest or someone else. When the conjunction "he" in item B is used, the original sentence can be understood as that he is doing something behind the back of the general manager and deputy general manager; When the preposition "he" is used, it means that he has done something with the deputy general manager behind his back. The "leaders of several schools" in item D is ambiguous. Several can be understood as modifying "school" or "leadership". When modifying, you can use related quantifiers to modify "school" or "leader" respectively.
Answer: c
Wrong topic analysis: A is wrong, and the sentence structure is complex, so it is impossible to grasp the exact meaning.
Methods and skills: On the basis of grasping the overall meaning of the sentence, the important links are analyzed, such as phrase structure, word meaning (polysemy) part of speech, pause combination and so on. If necessary, relevant contexts can be set for further comparison and analysis.
[Case 2] (★★★★★) (1994 Shanghai College Entrance Examination)
"We want to learn documents" is an ambiguous sentence, and it is the kind that can eliminate ambiguity after it.
A.please get ready. Please turn off the TV.
C. don't bring novels. Please tell Xiao Wang.
Proposition intention: This topic focuses on the ability to eliminate ambiguity. The ability level is D ..
Knowledge-based: understand the basic situation that causes ambiguity and master the basic methods to eliminate ambiguity.
Analysis: First of all, we should analyze the ambiguity caused by the original sentence "We want to learn documents". "Learning document" can be understood as a verb-object structure, which means that we have to do some work. It can also be understood as a noun phrase, which means a learning document. The basic method of disambiguation is to add context. If the three items A, C and D are linked, there are still two interpretations of the original sentence. If item B is connected, it can only mean "Please turn off the TV, we are going to start learning the document now".
Answer: b
Misunderstanding analysis: C is wrong. Although "don't bring novels" implies the meaning of "learning documents", it does not rule out the meaning of "learning", which is still vague.
Methods and skills: First of all, we should understand the different situations of the ambiguity of the phrase itself, and then find the conditions to exclude one or more items. Comparative analysis and multi-party scrutiny are commonly used methods.
● Roll up your sleeves
I. Discrimination of Ambiguity
1. Different combination levels will cause ambiguity. For example, "three of us" can be understood as "three of us" or "three of us". (2) "I can't write this report well" can be understood as "I can't write this report well (limited ability)" or "I can't write this report well (possibly due to identity and other factors)".
2. Different structural relationships lead to ambiguity. For example: ① "imported color TV" can be understood as the relationship between verbs and objects, and it can also be understood as a partial relationship. ② "Parents of students" can be understood as a parallel relationship or a partial relationship.
3. Semantic ambiguity leads to ambiguity. For example, "it was her father who performed the operation" can be understood as that her father was a surgeon who performed the operation, or that his father was ill and the doctor operated on him. ② The "women's barber shop" may be a barber shop run by women or a barber shop serving women. (3) "Poetic demeanor" may or may not be a poet.
4. Different parts of speech cause ambiguity. For example, "I want to fry shredded pork" can be understood as a verb or an adjective. 2 "The rice is not hot" and "hot" is a verb, which means that you can eat it cold without heating it; "Hot" is an adjective, which means that the meal is cold. (3) "He used to live here" and "Originally" are nouns, indicating that he used to live here; "Originally" is an adverb, which means I didn't expect him to live here. (4) "The county informed Mayor Zhao to report before 15 this month", and "money" was used as an adjective to express the meaning of the past, with a large time range; When "money" is used as a verb to indicate progress, you can only go to the county seat on 15.
5. The multiple meanings of words cause ambiguity. For example, "he didn't lie in bed for long, but he remembered", which can be understood as something he remembered, or that he was going to get up. (2) "Please eat vegetables" can refer to both vegetables and vegetables. (3) "The Ministry of Trade and Industry allocates materials to the northeast of North China", and "item" can be understood as "from" or "to" with different meanings.
6. Incomplete sentence components will cause ambiguity. Everyone is generally angry that the ranger exposed the problem that the Forestry Bureau took the lead in smuggling timber. Because the word "de" is omitted at will after "exposure", the center of text and meaning can move forward, causing ambiguity. Understandably, everyone is angry with the Forestry Bureau for taking the lead in smuggling timber. It can also be understood as anger at the ranger's behavior of exposing this problem. With the word "Germany", the center is limited to "the forestry bureau takes the lead in smuggling timber", and the meaning is very clear. The car, boat and meal ticket are all at the service desk. In this sentence, the word "ticket" is missing after "car" and "boat", so there is ambiguity. It can be understood as a boat ticket, a boat ticket and a meal ticket; It can also be understood as buying a car, a boat or a meal ticket.
In addition, in spoken language, the difference between light and heavy sounds can also cause ambiguity. For example, "he wrote three letters in one morning", "just" reading lightly means that he writes quickly; Rereading Nine, you will say that he is inefficient and only wrote three letters.
Second, the method to eliminate ambiguity
1. Set a specific context. For example, "Why did you hit him?" It can be specifically expressed as: "Why did you hit him? Should have a good education ",or" why did you hit him? It should be me. "
2. Add the necessary words. For example, "I'm going to class" can be said to be "I'm going to teach students" or "I'm going to listen to the teacher". ② "I go to the hospital" can be said as "I go to the hospital to work" or "I go to the hospital to see a doctor". (3) "I saw you when you were six" can be written as "I saw you when you were six" or "I saw you when you were six".
3. Change words or adjust word order. For example, "two coaches" can be changed to "two coaches" (change quantifiers) or "two coaches" (change word order) respectively. ② "Waiters in several hotels" can be changed to "Waiters in several hotels" or "Waiters in several hotels".
4. Change the sentence structure. For example, ① "encirclement and suppression army" can be changed to "encirclement and suppression army" or "encirclement and suppression army". (2) "This is Mr. Wang's very learned student" can be changed to "Mr. Wang is very learned, this is Mr. Wang's student" or "This is Mr. Wang's student, he is very learned".
5. Add (change) punctuation marks. For example, "Don't return the TV" can be changed to "Don't return the TV" or "TV"? Do not retreat. " ② "As long as your company agrees, we can solve the problems of reimbursing travel expenses, arranging accommodation and collecting time cards", which can be changed to "As long as your company agrees, we can solve the problems of reimbursing travel expenses, arranging accommodation and collecting time cards" or "As long as your company agrees, we can solve the problems of reimbursing travel expenses, arranging accommodation and collecting time cards".
● Destroy difficult training.
1.(★★★) Among the following sentences, the sentence with clear meaning is ().
A. When we first met, we were teenagers. The age gap makes us not have too many topics, so we talk very little.
B.if you can't run, he has to run. Don't be so insecure. Besides, there is still some time before the game, and the result is hard to say.
C. Xiao Gan told me after "dawdling" the gouache painting that participated in the competition that we could travel to Qingdao together.
D. The cold wind cut his frozen hand like a knife, but the shoe repairman took his coat and enjoyed himself in the wind.
2.(★★★★) Among the following sentences, the sentence with clear meaning is ().
A: I don't think anyone can deny that this play has some negative effects.
B "paid news" should be severely criticized, which is extremely wrong.
As soon as Manager C Xu walked into Ruifang's office, he immediately pulled her to the small round table by the window.
D. He didn't listen to the tutor's suggestion, and revised the viewpoint of the paper, which affected the level of the paper.
3.(★★★★★) Among the following sentences, the one with clear meaning is ().
A. Therefore, Tao Xingzhi appointed several * * * party member from the Society of Life Education to be responsible for the preparation and work of the school, and invited some progressives to be teachers.
B. I was deeply moved to see that the traffic police comrades still insisted on commanding passing vehicles in the snowstorm.
C. After many days of careful planning and rehearsal, this party, which embodies the hard work of all the cast members, will finally meet the audience.
D this afternoon, chairman Zhang, general manager Wang and other company leaders attended the development zone investment promotion project fair held in our city.
4. (★★★★★) Point out the following sentence with clear semantic expression ().
A. This measure of clarifying the rights and obligations of all parties in the enterprise by means of contracts and articles of association is undoubtedly the basic guarantee for employees to exercise their democratic management rights.
He didn't listen to others' advice and sued the illegal foreign businessman for compensation.
C. the crew witnessed the thrilling scene of the life-and-death struggle between squid and whale, and as a result, the two behemoths died together.
D. All these have a subtle influence on our love and living space.
5.(★★★★) The ambiguous sentence in the following sentence is ().
A. The school informed all teachers and students to have a meeting in the auditorium at three o'clock in the afternoon.
B. Beijing Library has a collection of books by famous scholar Zhang Taiyan.
C. Narrow interests will affect the sound development of personality and easily lead to bad behavior.
D. some reasonable rules and regulations in the unit should be fixed, and people should not be at a loss.
6. (★★★★★) The next sentence that will not be ambiguous is ().
A. Foreign works should be translated into appropriate languages, otherwise the translated works will lose their original appearance.
The people's government has attached great importance to translation from the beginning, especially the translation of scientific and technological books.
C only a few of these translations truly reflect the consistency of the original style and language.
D Beginners often add a summary or summary at the beginning or end of their works.
7. (★★★★★★) In the following sentence, the underlined part has two meanings, but when put in the sentence, one ambiguity disappears, so choose this sentence ().
A. Students who respect teachers are welcomed by people.
B. It's getting late, the bike hasn't been repaired yet, and the repairman is in a hurry.
Xiaogang and Xiaohua's father came to school.
D. Master Zhang was very happy to see his apprentice and took him to the workshop.
8. (★★★★★) In the following sentences, if there is no language disorder, the meaning is clear ().
A. it is a very important issue to improve the environmental awareness of the whole people.
Zhang Yi and Wang Qiang were talking in class when the teacher called them to the office.
C. Elective courses give full play to students' interests and specialties.
After the promulgation of the Education Law, the strategic position of giving priority to the development of education has been further implemented. & lt/P & gt； & ltP> Attachment: Reference answer
Hard magnetic field
Project 1. A [b] said that "the maximum storage capacity 1.44 trillion" and "the storage capacity is above 1.44 trillion" is ambiguous. The meaning of "this" in item C is unclear, which can mean "appreciating good poetry" or "creating good poetry", which makes the sentence ambiguous and causes sick sentences. The ambiguity of "never take time off" in item D can mean that Xiao Wang has always been undisciplined and does not take time off; It can also mean that Xiao Wang is strict with himself at ordinary times, observes discipline, always arrives at school on time and never takes a vacation. ]
2. There is ambiguity in item C [a] "Standards for reducing noise pollution to below qualified level". Is the result after taking measures "qualified" or "unqualified" (below the qualified standard)? The meaning is not clear. Improper collocation of item B is a language barrier. Item D is ambiguous, which can be understood as Sharla Cheung's own troubles, causing students to ignore him; But his classmates ignored him, which led to his own troubles. ]
Destroy difficult training
1.b [Item A is ambiguous. Who are the "teenagers"? The "she" in item C can refer to Xiao Gan or others. The "he" in item D can refer to either the shoe repairer or another person. ]
2. The reference to "this" in item [b] is not clear. The object of "she" in item C is unclear. The meaning of item D is not clear, and it is not clear whether the "paper view" has been revised. ]
3. Item C [A] is ambiguous. The subject of "undertaking school work" can be "Tao Xingzhi" or "several production parties". The mixed sentence pattern of item B makes the whole sentence lack of subject. There are two ways to change it and get rid of "look" or "make" (these two words cannot be used at the same time). Item D is ambiguous, and "other company leaders" have two explanations. ]
4. Item a [b] is ambiguous, and the meaning of "others" is not clear whether to persuade them to "prosecute" or "not to prosecute"; Of course, in this way, it is difficult to say whether he is "accused" or "not accused". The meaning of "mutually assured destruction" in item C is "together". Item D is ambiguous, and the meaning of "he" as a conjunction and "yes" as a preposition is different. ]
5.B[ [Zhang Taiyan's book] is ambiguous, which can be either Zhang Taiyan's own book or Zhang Taiyan's own book collection (given to the library, which many celebrities do), or it may mean "books written by others about Zhang Taiyan". ]
6. The "appropriate language" in item b [a] can be understood as both language and language. The consistency of style and language in item C can be understood as the consistency of style and language with the original text, and it can also be understood as the consistency of style and language. The word "or" in item D should be changed to "and" for one-to-one correspondence. ]
7.a [Judging from "it will be well received by people", the center of this sentence should be aimed at "students", and the meaning of the sentence is clear. The other three items are still vague. The "mechanic" in item B may refer to the owner or mechanic of the bicycle. In item C, the fathers of two students may go to school, or "Xiao Gang" may go with "Xiaohua's father". The happy person in item D may be Master Zhang or his apprentice. ]
8.d [The words "very" and "vital" in item A are redundant, and there is ambiguity in item B. It is not clear whether the teacher called one person or two. Item c "interest" and "play" are not properly matched. ]