/kloc-at the end of 0/9, Russia was a great writer of critical realism, a humorous satirist with meaningful interest and sharp writing style, a master of short stories and a famous playwright. Chekhov was born in an ordinary citizen family. After his father's grocery store went bankrupt, he finished high school as a tutor, 1879 studied medicine at Moscow University, 1884 began to write literature after graduation. Most of his early works are short stories, such as Fat Man and Thin Man (1883), Death of a Little Civil Servant (1883), Distress (1886) and Wanka (1886). However, in The Chameleon and Sergeant Priscilla Beyev (1885), the author lashed the slaves who faithfully defended tyranny and their ugly faces, revealing the reactionary spiritual characteristics of the dark ages. 1890, after he visited Sakhalin Island, the exile place of political prisoners, he created works that showed major social problems, such as "The Sixth District" (1892), which was a work that lashed out at the czar's tyranny. Lenin was shocked after reading this novel. A House with an Attic (1896) exposes the Russian society's destruction of people's youth, talent and happiness, and satirizes the reformist activities of liberal local autonomy associations. The Farmer (1897) describes the extremely poor living conditions of the peasants in 1980s and 1990s, showing his concern and sympathy for their tragic fate, while The Canyon reveals the vicious exploitation of the rich peasants, reflecting the infiltration of capitalism into the countryside, indicating that the author has included the expression of Russian social class struggle in his creative theme. At the bride (65438+)
Chekhov turned to drama creation in his later period. His main works include Ivanov (1887), Seagull (1896), Uncle Vanya (1896) and Three Sisters (190/kloc). His plays are full of lyrical flavor and rich subtext, which is memorable. Although the script story is based on daily life, with simple plot and smooth progress, it is full of profound symbolic significance. His novels are short and pithy, concise and simple, compact in structure, vivid in plot, humorous in style, vivid in language, full of musical rhythm and profound in meaning. He is good at discovering people and things with typical significance from daily life, making artistic generalization through humorous plots, and shaping a complete typical image to reflect the Russian society at that time. His representative works The Chameleon and The Man in the Trap are exquisite and perfect artistic treasures in the history of Russian literature. The former has become synonymous with have it both ways who is good at profiteering in disguise. The latter has become a symbol of the conformist, timid and afraid of change.
Chekhov added two immortal artistic images to the gallery of world literary figures with his outstanding satirical and humorous talents. His famous saying "Simplicity is the sister of genius" has also become the motto pursued by later writers. Chekhov had great affection for the people of China. He asked Gorky to visit China together, but he failed to do so because of his long illness. 1904 July 15 died of lung disease.
Ke Yan, whose real name is Feng Kai, is a famous contemporary female writer and poet. Born in Nanhai, Guangdong, 1929, born in Zhengzhou, Henan, Manchu. He has published more than 50 books, mainly including poems "Little Confused Aunt", "Premier Zhou", "Where Are You", "Captain Reportage", "The Most Beautiful Album", "Strange Letter", "The Story of Spring", "Selected Works of Ke Yan", "Poems of Children in Ke Yan", "Cancer ≠ Death" and "Novels and TV Plays of the Same Name".
Because of Ke Yan's achievements in literature, she was elected to various associations and societies and held many social positions. Such as: China People's Committee for the Protection of Children; All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles; Director and Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association; Vice President of China Reportage Society; Vice President of Beijing Association for Concerned Youth Education, vicious editorial board member and consultant of various publications, and the candidates are professors from China Youth Political College, Shandong University and other universities.
From 65438 to 0949, he began to create professionally. He was a full-time screenwriter of China Youth Art Theatre and China Children's Art Theatre, and a resident writer of Chinese Writers Association.
Ke Yan writes in a variety of styles. In the past 30 years, he has published the most beautiful album, a book of his loved ones, Aunt Xiao Confused and Premier Zhou. Where are you? There are 30 books, including Strange Letters, Cancer ≠ Death, Looking for the World to Come Back, News of Spring, Selected Works of Ke Yan and Children's Poetry of Ke Yan.
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) is a Bengali poet, writer, artist and social activist in India. Born in Calcutta, a family with profound cultural upbringing, his father was a famous religious reformer and social activist, and his six brothers were also committed to social reform and Renaissance. Tagore hated formal school education since he was a child, and his youth was spent by family education and hard self-study. 1878 went to England to study law, and then transferred to London University to study English literature and western music.
Tagore showed his talent in his childhood. He was only 14 years old when his patriotic poem "Temple Fair of Hindus" (1875) was published. 1880, Tagore became a professional writer at the age of 19. From 188 1 to 1885, he published a collection of lyric poems, including Song of the Sunset (1882) and Morning Song (1883), as well as plays and novels. These early injuries are characterized by more dreams than reality and full of romanticism.
The 1990s was the heyday of Tagore's creation, and Yearning in the Heart (1890) was his first mature work. The publication of the famous poem Two Mu of Land (1894) marked Tagore's transformation from religious mysticism to profound humanitarianism. The poems of this period include Golden Sailboat (1894), Colorful Collection (1896), The Fifth Collection of Lyrics and A Collection of Stories (1900). In addition, he has written more than 60 short stories, including Suba (1893), Moye (1892) and To be or not to be? "(1892) has been included in the world's outstanding short stories.
190 1 year, Tagore founded a school to transform society and engaged in children's education experiments. 19 12, this school has become an international university for cultural exchange in Asia. Due to the British separatist policy in Bangladesh, India set off the first climax of the national liberation movement in 1905. Tagore took an active part in this movement and wrote many patriotic poems. This period is the most brilliant period of his creation. He published eight poems in Bengali and eight poems in English, among which "Gitanjali" won the world reputation for the poet. Important poetry collections in this period include Gardeners Collection (19 13), Crescent Moon Collection (19 15) and Birds Collection (19 16). 19 10, Tagore published the epic novel Gora and the symbolic drama The King.
19 19, India launched the second national liberation movement. In order to seek the road of national liberation, he traveled all over five continents and delivered many famous speeches. The outstanding achievements in this period are political lyric poems, which are collected in Africa Collection (1937), Marginal Collection (1938), Birthday Collection (194 1) and other works.
Tagore wrote more than 50 poems, 65,438+02 novels, 65,438+000 short stories, more than 20 plays, and a large number of literary, philosophical and political works, travel notes and books. In addition, he is a musician and painter with profound attainments. He composed more than 2000 songs and 1500 frames of paintings, among which the song "The Will of the People" was designated as the national anthem of India.
In his artistic career of more than 60 years, he inherited the excellent traditions of classicism and folk literature, absorbed the rich nutrition of European romanticism and realism literature, achieved perfection in his creation, made brilliant achievements, and became a generation of cultural giants. 19 13, "because his poems are sensitive, fresh and beautiful; This poem was written with superb skills and expressed in English by himself, which made his poetic thoughts a part of western literature and won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The British government conferred a title on him.
194 1 April, this prodigy, the founder of modern Indian literature, wrote his last words, the crisis of civilization. On August 7th of the same year, Tagore died in his ancestral home in Kolkata.