Genre is the style and type (category) of artistic works. Musical form refers to the structural layout of music in the process of coherent development, and musical genre refers to the characteristics of musical style and nature. These are two aspects of a piece of music. The formation of different genres of instrumental music is related to their respective applications and performance purposes, performance occasions, the tendency of music content, the characteristics of timbre and rhythm, and the characteristics of music style. 1. The overture originally meant "preface" and "introduction". It is a small and medium-sized instrumental music with a single theme. It originated from 15 and 16 century music. At first, it is often improvisation, with the functions of testing the intonation of musical instruments, fingering and preparing for the music to enter later. Many composers have independent piano preludes. /kloc-After the 0/9th century, the opening or pre-curtain music in western operas and musicals is also called prelude, and its meaning is different from the above-mentioned independent genre. 2. Overture is a genre of music. Originally refers to the opening music of operas, oratorios and other works. The overtures of 17 and18th century operas can be divided into "French overtures" and "Italian overtures". The former is a polyphonic style, which consists of three paragraphs: Adagio, Allegro and Adagio. The middle paragraph is in fugue form and the last paragraph is very short. The latter is the main melody style, which consists of three paragraphs: Allegro, Allegro and Allegro, from which later symphonies evolved. Since19th century, composers have often used this genre to create independent instrumental music, most of which are sonata-style and have titles. Such as Beethoven's "Coriolan Overture" and Tchaikovsky's "Overture 18 12". 3. The divertimento includes a complete set of instrumental music or acoustic music, accompanied by several pieces of music or movements, in which there is the internal connection and continuous development of the theme. Such as Tchaikovsky's piano suite "Four Seasons", Schubert's vocal suite "Beautiful Mill Girl" and so on. Sonatas, symphonies, suites and oratorios in a broad sense. 4.Menuet is a three-beat dance music originated from western European folk, which is popular in French court and named after its small dance steps. Moderate speed, can describe many etiquette trends, elegant style. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, the minuet constituted the third movement of the symphony suite, which was later replaced by scherzo. 5. Scherzo Scherzo, also known as Scherzo, is a three-beat music. Its main characteristics are active rhythm, fast speed and frequent sudden strength contrast. It often appears in suites as the third movement, such as symphonies, to replace the court-style minuets. 6. fugue is one of the main forms and genres in western polyphony music, also known as "escape song", which means chasing and escaping. It is the most complex and rigorous form of polyphony. Its basic feature is to use imitation counterpoint method to make a simple and distinctive theme appear in all parts of the music (presentation part) in turn; Then it enters the interlude developed from some motives in the theme, and then the theme and interlude appear repeatedly in different new tunes (expansion part); Until the final theme returns to the original tune (reproduction department), it often ends with an epilogue. 7. Canon is a polyphonic music, whose original meaning is "regularity". The same melody appears in each voice with different heights such as the same degree or the fifth degree, resulting in continuous imitation, that is, strict imitation counterpoint. 8. Etude is a piece of music used to improve the playing skills of instrumental music. It usually includes one or several specific technical topics. Chopin is its founder. This kind of musical instrument etude is not only used to practice skills, but also has high artistry and stage effect. Liszt, Debussy and others have written such etudes. 9. Romance generally refers to lyric short songs or short instrumental music with no fixed form. Its characteristics are: detailed expression of tunes, close combination of lyrics and rich accompaniment. 10. Rhapsody is an epic instrumental music with high technical difficulty. It was originally a fragment of folk narrative poems sung by wandering artists in ancient Greece, and 19 century formed an instrumental genre. It is characterized by rich national characteristics or directly using folk songs, such as Liszt's 19 hungarian rhapsody and Ravel's Spanish Rhapsody. 1 1. Fantasia is a kind of instrumental narrative with romantic color and no fixed form. Originally refers to an impromptu solo of an organ or clavichord. Since the end of18th century, fantasia has become an independent instrumental music, such as glinka's symphony Kamalinskaya, an orchestral music composed by Russian folk music. 12. The invention is the genre name of polyphonic music with imitation as the main part. It is a piano ditty with polyphonic structure, which is improvised according to certain musical motives, similar to a small fugue. 13. Tokata, also known as "touch music", is a kind of keyboard music that is freely improvised. 14. A kind of Salabande dance music. According to the situation, it originated in Persia and was introduced to Spain at the beginning of16th century. He was banned by the church because of his passion. /kloc-After it was not introduced to France in the 6th century, it gradually evolved into a slow and solemn dance music, which was often used in aristocratic society and ballet. Its structure is a two-part musical form with a rhythm of three beats; The sound of the second beat is long and prominent. 15.Tanantella was originally a folk dance music in southern Italy. According to legend, people bitten by the poisonous spider "tarantula" must dance vigorously to detoxify, which is the origin of tarantula dance. On the other hand, this dance is named after its birth in Tarando. Its characteristics: extremely fast, 6/8 or 3/4 beats, the main rhythm is continuous triplet, and the mood is warm. 16. Improvisation was originally the genre name of piano solo, and later it was also used for solo music of other instruments. It is an impromptu instrumental sketch, which is often composed of exciting paragraphs and deeply lyrical paragraphs, so it is mostly trilogy. 17. Nocturne originally refers to1a set of instrumental music popular in the western aristocratic society in the eighth century. Its style is bright and elegant, and it is often played in the open air at night, similar to "serenade". 18. Serenade originally refers to the genre of love songs sung under the lover's window in the evening or at night, so the tunes are often cordial and lyrical. /kloc-At the end of 0/8th century, a multi-movement ensemble or serenade appeared as entertainment for the dinner of dignitaries at that time. The tune is lively and has nothing to do with love, and belongs to the genre of chamber music. 19. Song without Words Its melody is like a song, accompanied by sound, but without lyrics, and it is not for singing. Like lyric songs, it is an instrumental sketch. Originated by Mendelssohn. 20. A lullaby, also known as a lullaby, was originally a song used by mothers to soothe their children to sleep, usually very short. Its melody is soft and sweet, and the rhythm of accompaniment often brings a sense of turmoil in the cradle. 2 1. Capriccio, also known as fantasia and fantasia, is similar in nature to fantasia, and it is also an imaginative improvisational instrumental genre with free structure and uncertain size, including fu and divertimento. 22. Waltz, also known as "Waltz", originated from a folk triple-beat dance in northern Austria. There are two kinds of waltzes: fast waltzes and slow waltzes. When dancing, two people spin in pairs. 17 and 18 centuries became popular in the court of Vienna, and the speed became faster and faster. They were first used for social dancing in cities. It has been popular in European countries since19th century. The most popular waltzes at present are Viennese waltzes, the speed is Allegro, which is characterized by lively rhythm and smooth melody; In accompaniment, each bar often uses a chord, and the stress in the first beat is more prominent. The famous waltzes are johann strauss's Blue River and Weber's Invitation to Dance. 23. Mazuka is a folk dance music in Poland. Its movements include sliding, double spinning, and women running briskly around men. Mazzuca's music is characterized by moderate speed, three beats, changeable stress, especially the falling tone in the second and third beats, liveliness and enthusiasm. 24. Polonaise, also known as "Polish Dance Music", is a solemn and slow three-beat dance music with aristocratic flavor, which originated from Polish folk. 25. Polka (Polka) A folk dance music in the Czech Republic, featuring duets for men and women. Its basic action consists of two steps, usually two beats. 26. Concerto refers to large-scale instrumental works played by solo instruments and orchestras. Its characteristic is that the solo part has distinct personality and high skill. In the process of music, soloists and bands often appear in turn, answering each other, echoing each other and competing with each other. When playing solo, the band is in the accompaniment position. When playing, the solo instrument stops and is completely played by the band. The founder of classical concerto is Mozart.
Concerto is generally divided into three movements: the first movement is Allegro, often sonata-style, and the music is full of vitality; The second movement is a beautiful and lyrical adagio with narrative style; The third movement is cheerful dance music, vigorous and lively. Before the end of the second movement, there are often solo instruments playing colorful paragraphs to show superb playing skills. In the creation of modern concertos, there are also coloratura soprano solo (without words) and orchestral vocal concertos. 27. Suite, meaning "continuation" and "continuation", consists of several pieces of instrumental music, each piece is relatively independent. There are classical and modern suites. Classical suites, also known as dance suites, rose from 17 to 18 century. It consists of all kinds of dance music, with the same tune, but in contrast to each other in speed and beat, such as Bach's clavichord suite. Modern suite, also known as plot suite, rose in the19th century and consists of several pieces selected from opera, ballet, drama music or movie music.
Some suites are written according to specific titles or national music materials, such as the Perl Gint Suite by Norwegian composer Grieg, the Cheikh Lachada by Russian composer rimsky and the Czech Suite by Czech composer dvorak. 28. Symphonic poetry is a kind of orchestral music with a single movement, which is descriptive, narrative, lyrical and dramatic, and belongs to the category of title music. Liszt, a Hungarian composer, initiated this genre in 1850 and later developed it. The theme of symphonic poetry is mostly taken from literature, poetry, drama, painting and historical legends, and its content is poetic; Music forms are not unique, they are often freely played according to the principle of sonata form, and some are written in variations, trilogy or freestyle. There are other genres, such as music poems, music paintings, symphonic fairy tales and symphonic legends, which are similar in nature to symphonic poems. Sonata, originally Italian, comes from Latin "Sonata" (bell), as opposed to "Cantata" (chorus of Kontha). It is one of the large-scale vocal divertimento genres, the original meaning is "singing with vocal music", one is "ringing" and the other is "singing". At first, sonatas generally refer to instrumental music of various structures. It was not until the late17th century that the works of Italian composer corelli began to form several sonatas with contrasting movements.
In the eighteenth century, it was shaped into three movements. Both Haydn and Mozart's piano sonatas are three movements. Later, another "minuet" movement was added to the "Performance-Symphony Suite", which was inserted between the second and third movements and became a "Performance-Symphony Suite" with four movements. Beethoven used scherzo instead of minuet, and later composers used waltz as the third movement. Sonata is similar to a set of music in structure, but it is not separated from symphony. It is one of the genres of large-scale suites. 30. Oratorio is a genre of large vocal divertimento. The original meaning is "singing with vocal music". At first, it was a secular narrative suite of solo or duet, which consisted of aria and recitation alternately. It was introduced to Germany in the middle of17th century, and then developed into a vocal suite including solo, duet and singing, with secular or biblical stories as the theme. Oratorio is similar to oratorio in form, but on a smaller scale; Its content is mainly lyrical, and the story content is relatively simple. 3 1. Oratorio is translated into "divine drama" and "sacred drama". It is a large-scale vocal divertimento. Including solo (chanting, recitation), duet chorus and orchestra. It originated in Rome at the end of16th century. At first, it was based on the Bible, and later it was a secular theme. From the middle of17th century, it developed into a concert work without makeup, in which chorus played a major role. Symphony, which originated from the Greek word "Let's Ring Together", is a genre of large-scale instrumental music, also known as "symphony", and is the largest orchestral suite in music. The appearance of symphony is directly related to the overtures of French and Italian operas in 17 and 18 centuries, as well as orchestral suites and large concertos popular in various countries at that time. The structure of a symphony is generally divided into four movements (some only use two movements or more than five movements), and the characteristics of each movement are as follows: the first movement: sonata structure, which is characterized by fast and lively music and dramatic theme, showing people's struggle and creative activities. It emphasizes the contrast and dramatic development of different images and is the ideological core of the whole song. A slow sequence summarizing the basic image of the whole song is common before the movement. The second movement: the tune is slow as a song, which is the lyric center of the symphony. Use subordinate keys in major or relative major in minor. Its musical form is often sonata form (the expansion part can be omitted), simple and complex trilogy form, or variation form. , is lyrical. The second movement often shows philosophical thoughts, humanitarian spirit, love of life, natural scenery, etc., and the content involves profound inner feelings and philosophical thinking. It highlights people's emotions and inner experiences. The third movement: medium speed, fast, can return to the main theme, often based on minuet or scherzo, using complex trilogy, variations and so on. , accompanied by dance. In the movement of this classical symphony, people often describe daily life scenes such as leisure, rest, entertainment and play, as well as vivid and humorous emotions. The fourth movement: very fast, the main theme is mostly Rondo, Rondo sonata or sonata structure, which often shows the glory and optimism at birth, and also often shows the victory of life, customs and struggles, holiday carnival scenes and so on. It is the end of the whole song and has a positive nature. Therefore, symphony is a large-scale instrumental genre with the deepest thought, the most perfect structure, the most comprehensive writing skills and the most difficult. He is good at expressing major social events, historical heroes, ever-changing nature, philosophical thinking and lofty ideals that people strive for. It always has a certain degree of drama. Although symphonies have formed a standard basic pattern in the 16 and 17 centuries, the Vienna Classical Music School has made important contributions to the formation of symphonies in the 18 and 19 centuries, which has made instrumental music creation in Europe develop to an important stage and become the predecessor of the Vienna Classical Music School. Haydn established the standard form of a symphony with four movements, adopted the ideal band combination method, and showed various theme development methods, which made the minuet full of folk flavor. He composed 104 symphonies all his life, and was known as the "father of symphonies". Mozart's symphonies are beautiful, smooth and well-structured, absorbing the creative experience and folk materials of German-Austrian operas, and enriching the expressive force of the symphonies by adopting the theme style and melody development techniques with polyphonic factors. He composed forty-nine symphonies in his life. Because of his precocity, people call him "a genius among geniuses". The symphonies of Haydn and Mozart are regarded as "treasures" in symphonic music creation. Beethoven permeated the advanced ideas and fighting enthusiasm of the French Revolution in his symphonies. With broad development motivation and dynamic harmony, he expanded the content of the beginning part and gave the end part sufficient performance space, which made the sonata form a drama. He replaced minuets with humorous music, making the last movement a positive ending of the whole song, and even introducing chorus into the last movement, making him a pioneer of romantic music. Beethoven was a giant both ideologically and technically. His nine symphonies are regarded as the "best" in symphonic music creation. /kloc-Since the 20th century, symphonies have made new progress with the help of romantic music schools, national music schools and later romantic music schools.