The most solemn national festivals of the Qiang nationality are the "Mountain Festival" (also known as the Mountain Festival) and the "Qiang Annual Meeting" (also known as the Qiang calendar year), which are held in spring and autumn respectively. In fact, spring festival and autumn harvest is a farming activity, but it is always full of strong religious color, reflecting the glory of ancient mysterious culture. The huge watchtower in the village stands tall and straight, shoulder to shoulder in the village, with a height ranging from several meters to dozens of meters. There are four corners, six corners and eight corners in architectural forms, earth, stone, hemp and wood, and some only use civil works. Zhaizi is a complex of stone towers and residential buildings. The solidity of flaky and yellow mud is still intact after numerous earthquakes. The tunnel between the walls is deep and mysterious. Because the house is built on some tunnels and there are countless dark passages, it is like stepping into the maze of history.
No drawing, no calculation and no hanging-up during construction. Handmade, symmetrical structure, abrupt edges and corners, majestic and firm, exquisite and unique. It is a unique spectacle in the history of world architecture, which is breathtaking and attracts an endless stream of tourists from home and abroad to visit and inspect.
Qiangzhai in Tao Ping is a traditional ancient city, with four gates in the east, west, south and north, and eight radial entrances and exits centered on tall towers. And 8 entrances and exits are woven into a road network extending in all directions by 13 tunnel. People in the village can go in and out freely, while outsiders are like eight mazes. Unless they are guided by the villagers, they can't get through. Under the ground of the village, many water diversion culverts have been dug, which are covered with stone slabs and soil, and movable stone slabs are left at regular intervals, which can be opened to take water. These canals are convenient and confidential, woven into a water network, flowing through the towers in the village, providing a huge living space for wartime. Tao Ping's magical road network, water network and roof constitute three kinds of three-dimensional crossing road network and defense system in Qiangzhai, which is also the unique feature of Qiangzhai architecture in Tao Ping.
A complex that combines tall stone towers with residential buildings. The oldest building in this stockade was built with yellow mud and flaky stones two thousand years ago, which integrates mathematics, geometry and mechanics, showing the glory of the Qiang people in ancient history.
The watchtower is the landmark building of the whole stockade. Now there are only two buildings left, one is the residence of Chen Shiming's family, and the other stands on the river bank opposite the stockade. The watchtower is divided into 9 floors and is about 30 meters high. There are shooting windows on all sides of each floor, and the clock hole on the top floor is used to transmit messages.
For Qiang architecture, materials are taken from nearby mountains, and soil, stone and other resources are used. First, a square trench with a depth of about one to two meters is dug on the selected ground, and large stones are selected in the trench to build the foundation. It is about three feet wide, and then the prepared yellow mud is used as slurry to stick the flaky. The stone wall gradually becomes thinner from bottom to top and smaller step by step. The center of gravity of the stone wall is slightly inclined to the room, forming a centripetal force and squeezing each other firmly and stably. The structural levels of the roof are main beam, raft, veneer layer, bamboo pole and yellow thorn from bottom to top. Brown harrow has national characteristics.
Qiang Village in Tao Ping is called "Oriental Mystery Castle" because of its typical Qiang architecture and complicated road structure, and it is the most complete living fossil of Qiang architectural culture and art in the world. Qiangdi, an ancient single-reed musical instrument in China, has a history of more than 2,000 years, and is popular in Qiang inhabited areas in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in northern Sichuan. The number of holes (used to be five holes, but now it is mostly six holes) of the two pipes in Qiangdi is made of oil bamboo growing on the local mountain. The bamboo joint is long and the pipe is thin, and the two pipes are connected side by side with iron wires. Longevity 13 ~ 19 cm, the diameter of the nozzle is about 2 cm, and the upper end of the flute tube is equipped with a bamboo mouthpiece with a length of 4 cm. The front of the mouthpiece is flattened with a knife, and a thin piece is cut with a knife at the upper end about 3 cm as a reed. Mainly used for solo, there are more than ten kinds of ancient qupai. The content of music is quite extensive, mainly to convey the yearning of the Qiang people. Qiangdi plays vertically, and the two pipes emit the same pitch, and the timbre is crisp and high, which has a sense of sadness. Why does Qiangdi blame Yangliu? Spring breeze is the best portrayal of its expressive force, so it is most suitable for solo and singing and dancing.
Qiangdi and dizi are very different, they are two different concepts. Ma Rong's "Flute Fu" in the Eastern Han Dynasty began with the Qiang people in modern times. The Qiang people failed to cut bamboo, and the sound of cutting bamboo was similar ... So we can know that the Qiang flute was already circulated in Gansu and Sichuan in the Han Dynasty, and it can be inferred that the Qiang flute at that time was a kind of Qiang flute with two tubes and four holes. Qiangdi is a common musical instrument in frontier fortress in Tang Dynasty, and it also appears frequently in frontier fortress poems in Tang Dynasty. It is worth mentioning that Qiangdi did not appear in ten pieces of music in the Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that Qiangdi was only a musical instrument seen in the frontier fortress in the Tang Dynasty, and did not formally enter the court or army in the Tang Dynasty. It is just an instrument used by ethnic minorities or military soldiers to entertain themselves.
Qiangdi is often recorded in the poems of literati in Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Now, you can still see this musical instrument with the legacy of the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Qiang Autonomous County of Mao Wen, Sichuan and the Qiang areas around Heishui County. They are made of two oil bamboos with the same length. These pipes are cut into square columns and tied together. At the upper end of each pipe, there is a blowpipe with a bamboo pole, which blows vertically. The specifications are 17 cm and 19 cm. The timbre is high and slightly sad. It is also a way for boys to express their love to girls.
The Qiang people in Chibusu and Shaba areas were brought from the western regions by Qiang people who moved south during the Qin and Han wars. According to historical records, before the Western Han Dynasty, there were four holes on the surface of Qiangdi. In the 1 century, a musician named Fang Jing added a treble hole to make it five holes. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Rong once recorded in Difu that the modern double flute began in Qiang. In modern times, the Qiang flute has become six holes. It can be inferred that the Qiang people have existed for at least two thousand years.
Modern Qiangdi is made of local oil bamboo (long bamboo joints and thin tube). Select two bamboo tubes with the same diameter and length, cut the sheaths of the bamboo tubes to form a square column (some adjacent sheaths of the two bamboo tubes are squashed), and tie them tightly with thin iron wires at the head, middle and tail. The length of the tube is 13- 19 cm, and there are five or six pressure holes (the hole spacing is the same). The upper end of the pipe is equipped with a bamboo flute (the front end is flattened and the spring tongue is engraved upward).
When playing, the mouth contains double springs, and the hole is pressed with food, middle finger and ring finger. Range c 1-c2. The timbre is crisp and bright, with a little sadness. The sound of Qiangdi often gives people an illusory and moving feeling, and Qiang people often use it to express their emotions. The songs that are often played are "Folding Willow Poems", "Thought Music" and "Salon Music".
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, the performance and production skills of Qiangdi were approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.