Chen Xianzhang, whose name is Gong Fu, is called Shi Zhai. Ming Xuande was born in Duhui Township, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province on October 21st, 1428. When I was a child, my family moved to Baisha Township, Jiangmen, and scholars addressed Mr. Baisha by the name of the township. He died in the 13th year of Ming Hongzhi (15) at the age of 73.
Baisha was born in the twelfth year of orthodoxy. At the age of 2, he took the provincial examination and won the ninth place in the jury. Later, he went to Beijing several times and failed in the exam. In the 19th year of Chenghua (1483), he was 56 years old. He began to recommend the official to award the "Review of the Hanlin Academy", and returned to Baisha Township to study and give lectures in Biyulou. Since then, he has never been an official. Although Baisha did not become an official all his life, he was famous for his Neo-Confucianism and became an outstanding Neo-Confucianism, educator, calligrapher and poet in the Ming Dynasty. Its theory is called "Baisha Theory" or "Jiangmen School".
Baisha's teaching aim is not to be flashy, but to be practical. It runs counter to the traditional school-running style of the official school, which was fashionable at that time and indulged in wealth and fame. It broke through the academic authority of the orthodox school and liberated the shackles of the traditional system, opening up a new road for scholars.
Baisha's academic thought has had a far-reaching influence and positive effect on the development of China culture, especially Lingnan culture, and established the position of Lingnan culture in the whole cultural development of China. His theory is known as "opening the door alone, transcendent and extraordinary", "Taoism has been spreading Confucius and Mencius for three thousand years, and learning from Shao Cheng and Zhu". Therefore, he was also honored as a "great scholar" and a "saint", and was regarded as "Wen Gong Gong Gong" after his death, becoming the only scholar in China who worshiped Confucius Temple in ancient Guangdong. Therefore, it has the reputation of "one person in Lingnan".
Mr. Baisha is a contemporary poet. His poems are lofty, elegant and chic, with the styles of Tao Yuanming and Shao Kangjie. Zhang Xu said, "His poems are also dedicated to the gods, and some of them are not available to the ancients." He often talks about Tao with poetry, and there are many philosophies in his poems, so he has the reputation of "Baisha's poetry is like Zen". Poems are approachable, straightforward without carving, and full of philosophical works, which are the most distinctive and lofty in Ming poetry.
besides neo-Confucianism, poetry and literature, Baisha is better at writing books. His calligraphy was transplanted from Ou Yangxun, and it became a whole with the influence of Mi Su. When I was young, I wrote books with a brush, but I was the best at cursive writing. One of the famous calligraphy axes of "Big Head Shrimp Talk" handed down from generation to generation was written with a brush. In his later years, he liked to write with the brush of Mao, which was created by Baisha and bound by the heart of Mao, and was called "Mao Long". Now the Ciyuan Temple Monument in Yamen is written by Baisha with Mao Long in his later years. The appearance of Baisha calligraphy washed away the weak and languid calligraphy style since Yuan Dynasty, which changed the calligraphy of Ming Dynasty. This is a contribution of Baisha to calligraphy attainments.
Gao Yan
Gao Yan (1616-1689) was a master of landscape painting in Guangdong painting garden in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The word looks at the public. Gao Yan, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong Province, was noble in character, well-read, skillful in writing and painting. At that time, he was called "three unique skills" and made friends with Chen Zizhuang, Wang Bang Ji, Chen Gongyin, Zhang Mu, etc. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), Shangkexi, the king of Pingnan, pacified Guangdong, lived in Guangzhou, and was famous for his high reputation. He was repeatedly invited to serve as an official, but was rejected. Gao Yan paints landscapes and flowers, but his works are not easily given to people, especially to bureaucratic philistines. In my later years, my artistic attainments are more refined, and I can paint in the moonlight, which is better than painting in the daytime. Because his surname is Gao, he is called "Gao Shi". The representative work is "Autumn Temple Night Clock Map" painted in the early Qing Dynasty, which is a masterpiece of his life with vigorous brushwork and profound skill. There is also the "Twelve Scenes of Xinhui", which reproduces the picturesque scenery of mountains and rivers in Gangzhou. "Lin Qiu's View of Waterfalls" was praised by the painter as "pen and ink are in Lingnan". Gao Yan died in the 28th year of Kangxi (1689) at the age of 73. Author of Dushantang Collection.
Chen Xiang
Chen Xiang (185-1875) was the founder of "Cai Li Fo Quan". The dictionary is English, and the number is Da Ting. Guangdong Xinhui cliff Xijing Meicun Gongbeili people. At the age of 7, he studied Buddhist boxing with his uncle Chen Yuanhu (a lay disciple of Shaolin Temple). In the third year of Daoguang (1823), he first studied at Li Youshan for four years, and then he took Cai Fu as his teacher. In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), Chen Xiang went down from the mountain and returned to his hometown. In the following two years, he painstakingly studied the boxing he had learned, and collected Cai Fu, Li Youshan and Chen Yuanhu to create a unique set of boxing with 49 sets of boxing paths at the beginning, middle and advanced levels, which was called "Cai Lifo Boxing". In the third year of Xianfeng, after the Taiping Rebellion, in order to avoid the Qing court, Chen recruited rural volunteers and took his family to other places, and successively set up museums and apprentices in Jiangmen, Nanhai, Shunde, Zhongshan, Dongguan and other places to carry forward the skill of "Cai Lifo Boxing". Dozens of disciples from all over the world are famous for their achievements in learning, including Chen Xiancheng, Chen Longdian, Chen Dazhi, Long Zicai, Ruan Hai and Zhang Yan. Chen Xiang worked as a screen friend in Shi Dakai, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In September 1856, I bid farewell to my hometown. After the Qing court searched for the remnants of the Taiping Army, Chen fled to Hong Kong and went to teach "Iron Arrow Boxing" all over Nanyang, which was called Cai Lifo's Changquan and won a high reputation. In the third year of Tongzhi (1864), Chen arrived in San Francisco and was appointed as a national technology teacher by the overseas Chinese Chen Lianzong Association, and his disciples were all over the city. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Chen Xiang left the United States to live in his hometown. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), he died on September 1th at the age of 7.
Wu Tingfang
Wu Tingfang (1842——1922), formerly known as Wu Xu, Yu Wenjue,No. Rank Yong, was born in Guanlaiqiao, Xinhui County, and was born on July 3th, 22nd year of Daoguang, in Rongduya, Malacca, Malaya. At the age of 18, he returned from Singapore with his father Wu Rongzhang and lived in Fangcun, Guangzhou. He doesn't like the study of chapters and sentences, but likes reading books, historical lessons and novels, and has a particularly strong interest in new culture. Later, he transferred to a missionary school, met the English pastor Yan Huilin, and was recommended to attend St. Paul's College in Hong Kong. During school hours, he not only concentrates on English, mathematics, physics and other courses, but also cares about society.
In p>1858, Wu Tingfang just turned 16, and founded the chinese and foreign gazette in Hong Kong, which was the first time for Chinese people to run their own daily newspapers. By 1861, after graduating from St. Paul's College with honors, Wu Tingfang was employed as an interpreter in the Hong Kong High Court. In addition to his work in the High Court and chinese and foreign gazette, in 1864, he helped Chen Aiting to establish the Hong Kong Chinese Daily. In 187, Wu Tingfang was transferred as the chief interpreter of the Hong Kong Inspection Office.
In p>1874, Wu Tingfang, with the desire to save the country and run the country, raised funds by herself and went to Lincoln Law School in London for further study. After three years of hard study, she became the first China person to obtain a doctorate in English law.
In March p>1877, Wu Tingfang returned to Hong Kong from England. On May 18th, he was officially announced as a barrister by the Department of Justice of Hong Kong. Wu Tingfang fought against the forces of racial discrimination in order to safeguard the interests of Hong Kong compatriots. In August 1878, Governor Hennessy opposed racial discrimination and abolished flogging, which won the support of Hong Kong compatriots, but aroused the dissatisfaction of British residents. Wu Tingfang, Liang An and others held a meeting in tung wah hospital to study countermeasures, and decided to attend the public meeting held at the Hong Kong Stadium on October 7th. On October 7, when the meeting passed to allow flogging, Wu Tingfang protested and led the Chinese out of the meeting. In November of the same year, initiated by the board of directors of tung wah hospital and signed by 13 wealthy Chinese, the Queen of England was requested to remain as the subordinate governor of Hennessy Tao; In addition, more than 2, Chinese signed their names, asking the Queen of England to abolish flogging. Both petitions were handed over to the Governor by representatives such as Wu Tingfang. Later, with the approval of the Queen of England, flogging was abolished in Hong Kong. Wu Tingfang dared to stand up and argue logically, and won praise from Chinese and foreign people for his actions of fighting for national equality for Hong Kong people and protecting the interests of Chinese. The Governor understands that Wu Tingfang has become a Chinese leader, and he can be used to do a good job in Chinese affairs and stabilize Hong Kong. Therefore, on December 16th of the same year, Ng Ting-fang was appointed Justice of the Peace, the only one of the 4 Justices of the Peace in China. Since then, Ng Ting-fang has been appointed as a member of the Legislative Council, a magistrate of the Hong Kong Government, and a vice-chairman of Po Leung Kuk.
In p>1882, Wu Tingfang was invited by Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang in the Qing government, and was recruited into his shogunate as a legal adviser to assist in the work of Westernization and foreign affairs. Later, he was appointed as a member of Beiyang Westernization Bureau, minister of law, minister of chamber of commerce, assistant minister of commerce, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, assistant minister of punishments and other important positions. From November 1896 to 191, Wu Tingfang was promoted to the rank of minister of Sipintang from the rank of second-class candidate, and twice served as minister in the United States, Japan and Peru. Wu Tingfang also assisted the Qing government in revising the Criminal Code in force in Qing Dynasty and compiling civil and criminal procedure laws.
In Wuchang Uprising on October 1th, 1911, Wu Tingfang actively supported Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary idea of overthrowing the imperial system and establishing * * * peace. He sent letters to Zai Feng, the Regent of the Qing Dynasty, and Yi Xu, the Prince of Qing Dynasty, advising the Qing emperor to abdicate and establish a * * * and political system. In "To Qing Qing Di Shu", he said: "The north and south of the great river are independent one after another, and their ambition is to eliminate the accumulated disadvantages of autocracy, but to build a * * * and a political system. The situation is in jeopardy, and it is impossible to live all day long, so that the monarch can be surrendered to the people and enjoy the happiness of * * *. This article caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition. "
on January 1, 1912, the Nanjing provisional government was established. Sun Yat-sen appointed Wu Tingfang as the chief justice. Soon, Yuan Shikai usurped the fruits of the revolution, attacked the Revolution of 1911, and advocated the public opinion of the restoration of the monarchy. Wu Tingfang wrote a book "My Humble Opinion on Governing the Republic of China" in response to this public opinion and ideological trend, comprehensively expounding democracy and strengthening comprehensive management from the aspects of national education, personnel training, finance and taxation, mineral resources, judicial independence, ethnic religion, marriage and family, power utilization, diplomatic relations, newspaper news, printing and publishing, etc. Wu Tingfang also likes reading various books such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, etc., studying the way of fitness, and writing a book "The New Law of Life Extension". Later, on September 1, 1917, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the grand marshal of the naval and army of the military government of the Republic of China, and Wu Tingfang was appointed as the chief of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In April p>1922, after Chen Jiongming, the governor of Guangdong Province, was removed from all his posts for colluding with Beiyang warlords and sabotaging the Northern Expedition, Wu Tingfang served as the chief financial officer and the governor of Guangdong. On June 6th, Chen Jiongming launched an armed rebellion in Guangzhou, shelling the Guanyinshan Presidential Palace. Sun Yat-sen escaped from danger and boarded the Yongfeng ship to confront the rebels. At this time, Chen Jiongming tried to woo Wu Tingfang and his son against Sun Yat-sen. Wu Tingfang flatly refused, risked his life and insisted on cooperating with Sun Yat-sen.. On 17th, he and his son, Wu Chaoshu, went to Yongfeng Ship to see Sun Yat-sen, accepted Sun Yat-sen's instructions, and promptly informed the consulates in Guangdong to strictly observe neutrality and not help the rebels.
Wu Tingfang became ill with anger because of this incident. On June 23rd of that year, he died in Guangzhou, aged 81, and was buried in Yiwanggang, the eastern suburb of Guangzhou. Dr. Sun Yat-sen personally wrote the words "People perished" to express his condolences.
fung ping shan
fung ping shan (186—1931) was named Chao 'an, also known as Kang, whose name was Kunyan, and whose name was Hirayama. People from Gaodili, Chanwan Street, Huicheng Town, Xinhui County. He is the first generation of Chinese entrepreneurs and bankers in Hong Kong, and also a famous philanthropist in Hong Kong and other provinces.
at the end of the Qing dynasty, he was named as the official of Guanglu Temple, a doctor of Zhongxian (a six-rank official position). On April 23, 1924, he was awarded the honorary title of "Justice of the Peace" by the British government in Hong Kong. He was extremely concerned about the cultural education and social charity and welfare of Mori Zi all his life. He established schools and built libraries in Xinhui, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, costing more than one million yuan, and made indelible contributions to cultivating talents for the country and benefiting Mori Zi. Now Xinhui Jingtang Library has donated money for its establishment.
Liang Qichao
Liang Qichao (1873-1929) was a brilliant figure, with the title of public servant and owner of the ice room. Guangdong Xinhui people.
at the age of 12, Zhong Xiu was awarded the title of "child prodigy" at the age of seventeen. Later, I worshipped Kang Youwei as my teacher. At the age of 23 (1895), he went to Beijing for an examination and followed Kang Youwei to launch a "letter on the bus". The following year, he edited The Times in Shanghai, published The General Discussion of Reform, edited The Book of Western Politics, was invited to give a lecture on The Times School in Changsha, actively advocated and promoted the Reform Movement, entered Beijing in 1898, and traveled to Japan with Kang Youwei and others after the failure of the famous "Reform Movement", initially compiled the Qing Yi Bao, and then compiled the Xinmin Ye Bao.
After the Revolution of 1911, he served as the chief justice of Yuan Shikai. In 1916, he instigated Cai E to organize the national defense army against Yuan, organized the research department, and worked with Duan Qirui as the chief financial officer. During the May 4th Movement, the Revolution in Poetry and the Revolution in Fiction advocated the improvement of style. In his later years, he abandoned politics and went to literature, taught in Nanjing University and Tsinghua University successively, and toured Tianjin and Nanjing universities to give lectures. With his rich and extensive knowledge, he trained a group of talents who would become great talents in the future. At the same time, he devoted himself to studying the political thought and academic origin of China's history and achieved fruitful results.
Liang Qichao was patriotic all his life and determined to reform. With his "talent of crouching dragon and leaping tiger", he influenced or influenced the changes in modern history. He advocated learning capitalism, which made China's political reform stronger. He was "a great talent like the sea" and "learned all about Chinese and foreign ancient and modern times, and he was famous all over the world". He was one of the leaders of the political reform and reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty in China, and he was an outstanding politician, thinker, scholar and writer in modern history. His works are abundant, mainly the Collection of Drinking Ice Rooms.
Feng Gangbai
Feng Gangbai (1884.6.3-1984) was born in Xinhui, Guangdong. I was fond of painting since I was a child. At the age of 14, I went to Guangzhou to work as a child laborer. I studied portrait photography with Yuan Zushu. 18-year-old photo for a living. In 196, he went to Mexico to work and study at the Imperial City National Academy of Fine Arts. In 1911, he went to the United States, and successively studied portraits in San Francisco Bujili Academy of Fine Arts, Chicago Academy of Fine Arts and new york Jiujie Student Art Research Association. Returning to China in 1922, he participated in the establishment of Guangzhou Fine Arts School and served as the school director. In the same year, he founded the art group "Red Society" with Hu Gentian and others. In 1938, he went to Hong Kong to make a living by painting. In 1949, he returned to Guangzhou to settle down. In 1956, he was hired as a librarian of Guangdong literature and history research, and later served as deputy curator. Member of China Artists Association, member of Guangdong Federation of Literary and Art Circles and director of Guangdong Branch of Artists Association. Good at oil painting. The oil painting "Self-portrait" created in 1919 participated in the National Art Exhibition in 1929 and is now in the China Art Museum. Fish, created in 1961, participated in the Third National Art Exhibition and was collected by China Art Museum. In his later years, his works include The Portrait of a Young Woman.